Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)

Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.     

Pleistocene Ross seal (ommatophoca Rossi) from New Zealand (note)

A fossil seal jaw from the Early Pleistocene (Wanganui Series; Hautawan Stage) of Napier, New Zealand, is identified as that of an Ommatophoca rossi juvenile of less than 1.8 m body length.     

The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)

Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed.     

The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)

Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m². Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"². The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed.     

Arnoglossus boops (hector): A synonym of a. scapha (schneider) (pisces: Heterosomata: Bothidae)

The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha.     

Juvenile form of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) (Pisces: Heterosomata: Rhombosoleinae) (note)

A juvenile (26 mm) specimen of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) is figured and described. Differences between the juvenile and adult forms, and characters distinguishing juvenile C. nudipinnis from the young of other New Zealand species of flatfish, are noted.     

亚致死剂量铜对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须钯的组织病理学影响

采用半静水实验法测试研究了重金属Cu^2＋对文昌鱼（Branchiostoma belcher）和玫瑰无须喜巴（Puntius conchonius）的急性致死毒性和亚急性毒性。实验结果表明,Cu^2＋对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须喜巴24,48,72,96h的半致死浓度分别为0．561,0．373,0．261,0．211mg／L及0．976,0．783,0．562,0．473mg／L,其安全质量浓度分别为0．021和0．047mg／L。亚急性毒性实验中,文昌鱼和玫瑰无须喜巴分别用浓度为20％和30％的96h LC50的Cu^2＋处理。不同器官的组织病理学观察结果表明,过量Cu^2＋对玫瑰无须喜巴的鳃、肝脏、肾脏等器官产生毒害,对文昌鱼鳃和肝盲囊细胞也产生了严重的毒害,表现为细胞空泡化等明显的结构破坏。实验结果显示文昌鱼的肝盲囊和脊椎动物的肝脏一样,也是受过量铜显著毒害的主要靶器官器官。因此,文昌鱼的肝盲囊至少在经受过量Cu^2＋毒害方面与脊椎动物肝脏具有相似性,从生理功能方面为类文昌鱼祖先的盲囊（digestive caecum）是脊椎动物肝脏的前体这一假说提供了资料。     

Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的急性毒性和联合毒性试验

为了解重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的毒害程度和泥蚶对重金属Cd2+和Cu2+的解毒能力,用毒理学实验方法研究了Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果表明:Cd2+、Cu2+对泥蚶的96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.189、0.460 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.062、0.005 mg/L;相对毒性Cu2+Cd2+。在1︰1毒性单位的联合作用下,Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为1.984、0.147 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.020、0.001 mg/L。2种重金属离子的联合毒性大于任一重金属离子的毒性,联合毒性表现为协同作用。     

铬对文昌鱼的毒性效应和生长的影响

本文分析并报道了不同浓度Ｃｒ＾６＋和Ｃｒ＾３＋对文昌鱼的毒性效应及对文昌鱼生长的影响。结果表明,Ｃｒ＾６＋的毒性大于Ｃｒ＾３＋,其对文昌鱼的致死效应与底质有关;组织学观察发现,文昌鱼中毒器官主要是鳃、肠和肌肉;适宜浓度的Ｃｒ＾６＋和Ｃｒ＾３＋可明显地促进文昌鱼的生长。     

青岛文昌鱼zglp-1基因的进化与表达研究

为了在头索动物文昌鱼中对zglp-1(Zinc finger, GATA-like protein 1)基因进行鉴定,并检测其在青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostomajaponicum)中的组织定位,本文对文昌鱼zglp-1基因的进化及表达进行了研究。同线性分析表明,文昌鱼zglp-1基因是斑马鱼zglp-1和人ZGLP-1基因的同源基因。文昌鱼Zglp-1蛋白的锌指结构域在进化上保守性较高,其三维结构与脊椎动物Zglp-1蛋白的三维结构也高度相似。系统进化分析显示,文昌鱼Zglp-1处于脊椎动物Zglp-1进化的基部,可能代表了脊椎动物Zglp-1进化的原始形式。利用RACE技术克隆得到青岛文昌鱼zglp-1基因完整的ORF序列,其编码389个氨基酸。实时定量PCR技术显示zglp-1基因在文昌鱼性腺中特异高表达,其中在卵巢表达最高;再利用切片原位杂交技术发现zglp-1基因在卵巢、精巢、肝盲囊和鳃等组织中有阳性信号,其中在卵巢中信号最强,与实时定量PCR检测结果基本一致。综上,本研究表明文昌鱼zglp-1为脊椎动物Zglp-1的同源基因,其在文昌鱼性腺高表达,这与该基因在脊椎动物性...     

硒对文昌鱼的毒性效应和生长的影响

本文报道了不同浓度Se~(4 )和Se~(6 )对文昌鱼的毒性效应以及对文昌鱼生长的影响。研究结果表明,Se~(4 )的毒性大于Se~(6 ),且对文昌鱼的致毒效应与底质有关;组织学观察发现,文昌鱼中毒器官主要是鳃、肠和肌肉;适宜浓度的Se~(4 )可明显地促进文昌鱼的生长。     

4种重金属离子对彩虹明樱蛤(Moerella iridescens)的急性致毒效应

以彩虹明樱蛤养殖壳高优势组(平均壳高为17.35±1.01mm)为实验动物,进行4种重金属离子Hg2 、Cr6 、Cu2 、Zn2 对彩虹明樱蛤的急性毒性和加和等毒性强度联合毒性试验。结果表明,彩虹明樱蛤对重金属的耐药性均随实验时间延长而缓慢降低,4种重金属离子毒性大小依次为Cu2 、Hg2 、Zn2 、Cr6 ,其对彩虹明樱蛤96h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.0554mg/L、0.1099mg/L、2.2605mg/L、19.6277mg/L;Hg2 、Cr6 、Cu2 、Zn2 离子两两组合在加和等毒性强度下对彩虹明樱蛤96h联合急性毒性所呈现的致毒特征与离子间毒性强度匹配情形密切相关。     

臭氧处理海水生成氧化物对扁藻生长的影响海水养殖

研究了臭氧处理海水生成氧化物对扁藻(Tetraselmis chuii)生长的影响.臭氧生成氧化物浓度在0.736mg/L以下不产生毒害作用,在1.113mg/L 以上观察到了毒害作用,并且浓度越高毒性越强.实验发现扁藻对臭氧生成氧化物的毒害有抵抗能力.     

文昌鱼实验室饲养与繁殖

<正>文昌鱼(amphioxas或lancelet)属于脊索动物门(Chordata)、头索动物亚门(Subphylum Cephalochordata)、文昌鱼纲(Amphioxi)、文昌鱼目(Amphioxiforms)、文昌鱼科(Amphioxidae),有2属或3属(有争议),它们是鳃口文昌鱼属(Branchiostoma),侧殖文昌鱼属(Epigonichthys),偏文昌鱼属(Asymmetron)。早在5.2亿年前就已经出现,是无脊椎动物进化到脊椎动物的过渡类型,也是脊椎动物的祖先原型。因其具有个体小、产卵量大、体外受精和发育以及胚胎透     

铜和锌对刺参幼参的联合毒性作用

采用等毒性配比法,研究了金属离子 Cu2+ 和 Zn2+ 对刺参幼参的联合毒性,并以 Marking 相加指数 ( AI ) 评价联合毒性效应.实验结果表明,当 Cu2+ 和 Zn2+ 以等毒性混合共存时,Cu2+ 对刺参幼参在24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h 的半致死质量浓度 ( LC50 ) 分别为0.351 7、0.283 3、0.249 5和0.234 8 mg/L;Zn2+ 对刺参幼参在24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的 LC50 分别为 5.061 0、3.223 4、2.469 6和2.163 5 mg/L.由此可见,Cu2+ 对幼参的毒性大于 Zn2+.二者以等毒性混合对刺参幼参在 24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的相加指数 AI值分别为 -0.931 5、-1.499 0、-1.834 2和-2.065 2,其对幼参24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的联合毒性均为拮抗作用;并且随着暴露时间的延长,拮抗作用增强.     

铜离子对单环刺螠的毒性及对体壁抗氧化酶活性的影响

本文研究了重金属Cu2+对单环刺螠毒性效应。通过急性毒性试验,确定了Cu2+对单环刺螠24h、48h、72h及96h的半致死浓度,并计算得到其安全浓度为0.0675mg/L,高于渔业水质。通过酶活测定,发现Cu2+对单环刺螠抗氧化酶活性有影响。实验结果表明当暴露于0.25mg/L及0.50mg/L浓度的Cu2+中,24h时,单环刺螠体壁SOD、GPx活性显著提高(P<0.05);之后,随着暴露时间的增长,SOD、GPx、CAT三种酶活性均有所下降,除SOD外,其余两种酶活性均低于对照组,其中0.50mg/L组96h时CAT的活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明Cu2+抑制了GPx及CAT的活性,并导致了虫体的死亡。     

Rectification of nomenclature for Melagraphia aethiops (Gmelin) and Diloma bicanaliculata (Dunker) (Mollusca: Trochidae)

Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.     

Chromium(VI) reduction by sulphur(IV) in aqueous solutions

The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔH_app of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression

−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]²