CDSN台站用C语言调用ORACLE数据库的震级计算软件

新一代ＣＤＳＮ台站的地震信息管理,采用ＯＲＡＣＬＥ关系数据库系统。该系统主要由ＯＲＡＣＬＥ的核心,ＳＱＬ＊ＰＬＵＳ接口及各种实用程序组成（图１）。台站ＳＵＮ工作站系统配置的ＡＲＳ软件,是分析处理数字化地震资料的较为理想的应用软件。支持该软件的就是ＯＲ...     

中国数字化地震台网（CDSN）台站地震波形数据转储技？…

在迎来中国数字地震台网运行１０周年之际,９个台站设备的二期技术改造工作业已胜利完成。目前,这些台站配置了先进的计算机系统－ＳＵＮ公司的ＳＰＡＲＣ系列台式工作站。其上安装了相应的地震分析软件,使得应用高质量的数字化数据进行地震分析成为可能,并弥补了模拟记录的许多不足。这无疑为台站工作人员及其它科研人员在台站现场进行地震分析工作,提供了十分便利的条件。但波形数据在ＳＵＮ工作站上的驻留是一个动态的过程,     

中国数字化地震台网(CDSN)台站地震波形数据转储技术的研究与实现

在迎来中国数字地震台网运行１０周年之际,９个台站设备的二期技术改造工作业已胜利完成。目前,这些台站配置了先进的计算机系统——ＳＵＮ公司的ＳＰＡＲＣ系列台式工作站。其上安装了相应的地震分析软件,使得应用高质量的数字化数据进行地震分析成为可能,并弥补了模拟记录的许多不足。这无疑为台站工作人员及其它科研人员在台站现场进行地震分析工作,提供了十分便利的条件。但波形数据在ＳＵＮ工作站上的驻留是一个动态的过程,一般只能保存３～４天,这给研究人员进行从容细致的应用分析造成了巨大的困难。本文着重介绍对这一问题的研究和解决方法。     

ARS软件滤波器在CDSN台站中的扩展应用

在ＣＤＳＮ台站用数字滤波方法对数字地震仪进行抑制噪声滤波,方法简单易行。通过震例检验,把本人新创造的滤波器用ＡＲＳ软件中含有的滤波器相结合,对地震信号的识别有一定的参考意义,有助于提高编辑地震报告的Ｐ波利用率。     

ORACLE数据库系统在中国数字化地震台网的应用

中国数字化地震台网是全球数字化地震台网的一部分。设在国家地震局地球物理研究所ＣＤＳＮ的数据管理中心及其所属的北京、海拉尔、西安等１１个野外台站的地震信息管理系统的均采用ＯＲＡＣＬＥ数据。本文介绍了ＯＲＡＣＬＥ数据库在ＣＤＳＮ应用的情况。     

数字地震台操作分析工具一DIMAS软件包简介

ＤＩＭＡＳ（Ｄｉｓｐｌａｙ,　Ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｖｅ　 Ｍａｎｉｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｏｆ Ｓｅｉｓｍｏｇｒａｍｓ－“地震图 的显示和交互式操作与分析”）软件包是ｉｒｉｓ ＧＳＮ 台站所使用的数字地震分析应用软件． 同时它也适合我国部分数字台站（如ＮＣＤＳＮ）的日常分析工作,如波形放大与缩小、震相 拾取、震级计算、方位角计算、计算震中和震源深度以及发震时刻等;还可以做一些进一 步的分析处理工作,如波谱分析、滤波、分量旋转、质点运动分析以及仿真模拟地震图． 由于它是交互式菜单操作,所以有用户界面良好,易学易用,适合台站操作人员使用的特 点     

附录M 数字宽频带地震仪台站

附录Ｍ数字宽频带地震仪台站ＳｔａｔｉｏｎＬｏｃａｔｉｏｎＣｏｄｅＬａｔｉｔｕｄｅＬｏｎｇｌｔｕｄｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍＮｏｒｔｈＡｍｅｒｉｃａ：ＡｄａｋＩｓｌａｎｄＡｌａｓｋａ．Ｕ．Ｓ．Ａ．ＡＤＫ５１．８８Ｎ．１７６．６８Ｗ．ＩＲＩＳ（ＧＳＮ）ＵＳＮＳＮＢ...     

1932年昌马地震构造力学特征探讨

１９３２年昌马地震构造力学特征探讨郭万武，张范民，邢成起，温增平（国家地震局兰州地震研究所，兰州）ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＴＥＣＴＯＮＯＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦ１９３２ＣＨＡＮＧＭＡＥＡＲＴＨＱＵＡＫＥＭｓ７．６￥ＧｕｏＷａｎｗｕ；...     

CDSN台站典型震例数字地震图库的建立

主要描述利用ＵＮＩＸ的ＳＨＥＬＬ组合命令实现数字地震图库的建立。图库按时间顺序排列,地震波形文件与数据库中相关的表（ＴＡＢＬＥ）分开存放,波形文件是以ＣＳＳ３．０格式存储的,符合ＡＲＳ的使用习惯。使用时用户只需更改数据库的名字,即可使用功能很强的ＡＲＳ分析软件,对数字地震图进行回放处理等操作     

斜拉桥地震破坏的计算研究

地震曾破坏了大量的桥梁结构。然而，尽管目前世界上斜拉桥数目正以指数函数规律增长，但还没有任何斜拉桥经历过强地震，斜拉桥可能的地震破坏形式、破坏机理还是一个有待探索的领域。本文对本世纪几次大地震中严重破坏的桥梁进行损坏部分的震害原因分析，总结出一般桥梁结构地震破坏机理及破坏形式。利用大型结构分析程序ＭＳＣ／ＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ，对斜拉桥地震反应特征进行了分析，并在综合考虑结构地震反应的三维性、行波效应、非     

Temporary fluoride concentration changes in groundwater in the context of impact assessment in the Vaniyar sub-basin,South India

India's surface water and groundwater distribution is temporally variable due to the monsoon.Agriculture is one of the dominant economic sectors in India.Groundwater quality is regularly assessed to determine usability for drinking and irrigation.In this study,World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards guidelines were used to determine suitability of groundwater near artificial recharge structures(ARS) with a focus on the structures impact on groundwater quality.Groundwater resources were evaluated for irrigation suitability using electrical conductivity(EC),sodium adsorption ratio,the US Salinity Laboratory diagram,sodium concentration,Wilcox's diagram,Kelly's index,and Doneen's permeability index.EC and major ions were tested in recharge areas at different distances from the ARS.The construction of ARS at optimal distances along major streams has improved groundwater quantity and quality in the subbasin.Before construction of ARS,fluoride concentrations were higher;after construction,fluoride was reduced in most locations.Water stored in the check dam and groundwater in the wells closer to the structure were suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes.Impact of ARS on nearby groundwater quality was observed at Pallipatti,Mulayanur,Venkadasamuthram,Pudupatti,Poyyappatti,Harurl,and Sekkampatti.More distant sites included Pappiredipatti,Nambiyappati,Menasi,Harur,Todampatti,and Adikarapatti.Data demonstrated improved groundwater quality in the area of the ARS.Through recharge,the non-potable fluoride in the region is reduced to the permissible limit for human consumption.     

Surface complexation at hydrous fluorapatite

The adsorption of H⁺, OH^– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca²⁺—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed.     

一种利用共振声谱法检测气液两相介质中气体含量的新方法

根据共振声谱原理,建立了气液两相介质中圆柱共振腔共振声谱的实验测量系统,研究了共振腔体中不同含量的气体对共振声谱的幅度和共振频率的影响.实验结果表明：共振幅度和共振频率随着气体流量的增加都呈指数衰减变化趋势,但共振幅度比共振频率的衰减速度快,都可反映气体流量的变化.另外,在理论上,推导了均匀流体模型气液两相介质中的圆柱共振腔的共振频率计算公式,并模拟计算了共振频率和气体含量的变化规律曲线.理论研究结果表明,随着持气率的增加,共振频率减小;当持气率较小时,共振频率衰减较快.这一结论已经被本文实验测量结果所验证.理论和实验研究表明,利用共振声谱法可以检测气液混相介质中气体含量,它为发展生产井中气液两相流分相含量检测方法提供一种可能的途径.     

New snow metrics for a warming world

Snow is Earth's most climatically sensitive land cover type. Traditional snow metrics may not be able to adequately capture the changing nature of snow cover. For example, April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) has been an effective index for streamflow forecasting, but it cannot express the effects of midwinter melt events, now expected in warming snow climates, nor can we assume that station-based measurements will be representative of snow conditions in future decades. Remote sensing and climate model data provide capacity for a suite of multi-use snow metrics from local to global scales. Such indicators need to be simple enough to “tell the story” of snowpack changes over space and time, but not overly simplistic or overly complicated in their interpretation. We describe a suite of spatially explicit, multi-temporal snow metrics based on global satellite data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and downscaled climate model output for the U.S. We describe and provide examples for Snow Cover Frequency (SCF), Snow Disappearance Date (SDD), At-Risk Snow (ARS), and Frequency of a Warm Winter (FWW). Using these retrospective and prospective snow metrics, we assess the current and future snow-related conditions in three hydroclimatically different U.S. watersheds: the Truckee, Colorado Headwaters, and Upper Connecticut. In the two western U.S. watersheds, SCF and SDD show greater sensitivity to annual differences in snow cover compared with data from the ground-based Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) network. The eastern U.S. watershed does not have a ground-based network of data, so these MODIS-derived metrics provide uniquely valuable snow information. The ARS and FWW metrics show that the Truckee Watershed is highly vulnerable to conversion from snowfall to rainfall (ARS) and midwinter melt events (FWW) throughout the seasonal snow zone. In comparison, the Colorado Headwaters and Upper Connecticut Watersheds are colder and much less vulnerable through mid- and late-century.     

NCDSN台站DIMAS系统中震相标识的再现

NCDSN台站的数字地震资料在PC机上通常使用DIMAS系统进行处理,当用户使用WGSNPLOT.EXE图形分析软件分析处理完一个地震,它不会像SUN工作站上使用的ARS系统那样能对处理过的波形及标识进行存储,以便需要时重新显示于屏幕上,本文在这方面作了一些探索,所开发的软件能使数字地震波形的标识重新显示在波形图上,使得再次分析使用变得简单易行。     

Azimuthal resistivity soundings over a steeply dipping anisotropic formation: A case history in central Tunisia

Azimuthal Resistivity Soundings (ARS), using the so-called “Arrow-type array” as proposed by Bolshakov et al. were carried out in Central Tunisia, together with azimuthal resistivity tomography, because of the known anisotropic behaviour of the nearly vertical formations.First, the developments designed by Bolshakov et al. are reviewed: they deal with the separation between the effects of anisotropy and of heterogeneities, the design of the Arrow-type array and the introduction of the azimuthal spectral analysis.Second, the main methodological results obtained near Gouazine Lake are presented: (1) the clear effect of a quasi-vertical contact and (2) the characterisation of the anisotropic substratum below a thin superficial layer in one site close to the axis of the valley: the strike direction (α = 50°N), and a rather high anisotropy coefficient (λ ≈ 4) are determined.And lastly two directions for further developments are suggested.     

WIND EROSION AND PM10 EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS ON THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU

Research to investigate relations between simultaneous processes of soil erosion by wind and PM₁₀ emissions from dry land fields on the Columbia Plateau, Washington, has been initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture — Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Washington State University. Dry land agriculture is the primary cropping system world-wide but is constantly threatened by erosive winds which reduce the soil resource and/or remove fines which are the most active soil portion for plant production. Soils on the Columbia Plateau are very fine-grained containing more than 4 per cent of freely occurring aggregates or particles less than 10 μm aerodynamic diameter. Analysis from eight wind events show that significant relations exist between total mass of soil in both horizontal (saltation) and vertical (suspension) transport. The data suggest that by limiting horizontal soil erosion, emitted dust can be simultaneously reduced. Aggressive conservation tillage can be an effective weapon in reducing soil erosion by maintaining surface residue and roughness.     

OVERVIEW OF DAM GULLY EROSION RESEARCH

Traditionally gully erosion has been identified with the dissection of the landscape in agricultural settings but it is also recognized as a prevalent erosion feature in earthen dam auxiliary spillways and embankments. Flows through earthen spillways and over dam embankments, due to large rainfall events, have the potential to erode and breach the dam or spillway and result in catastrophic releases from the reservoir. The gully erosion process in an earthen spillway or on an embankment can be characterized by stages of initiation, development, and migration of a headcut. A headcut is defmed as a near vertical drop at the upstream end of a gully. The rate of headcut migration is important in determining the breach potential of an earthen spillway and dam embankment. A research program is being conducted to examine the gully erosion processes of earthen dam auxiliary spillways and embankments. This paper describes： l ） the unique test facilities constructed to examine the dominant factors affecting the erosion of earthen spillways and embankments; 2） the observations of the erosion processes and results to date; and 3） the predictive relationships that have been developed for dam gully erosion research at the ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit laboratory in Stillwater, OK.     

Soil properties controlling seepage erosion contributions to streambank failure

The majority of sediment leaving catchments may be from streambank failure. Seepage erosion of unconsolidated sand above a restrictive layer is an important erosion process in incised streams that leads to streambank failure by undercutting banks. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of soil properties on seepage erosion and the resulting streambank failure. Seepage flow and sediment concentrations were measured in situ at eight locations along the banks of a deeply incised stream in northern Mississippi. Using field observations as a guide, the soil profile conditions of a shallow (45 cm) streambank, consisting of 30 cm of topsoil, a 10 cm conductive layer, and a 5 cm restrictive layer, were mimicked in laboratory lysimeter experiments to quantify the hydrologic properties controlling seepage erosion and bank failure under a 40 cm head. The time to flow initiation and the flow rate were linearly related to the slope of the restrictive layer. Seepage erosion began within minutes of flow initiation and resulted in substantial (3 to 34 cm) undercutting of the bank. Sediment concentrations of seeps were as high as 660 g l^?1 in situ and 4500 g l^?1 in the lysimeters. Sediment concentrations were related to the layer slope, thereby indicating the importance of detailed site characterization. The USDA‐ARS Streambank Stability model demonstrated the increase in instability of banks due to undercutting by seepage erosion, but failed to account for the sediment loss due to sapping for stable banks and overestimated the sediment loads for failed banks. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.