八家子铅锌矿矿化蚀变分带特征

八家子铅锌矿位于辽宁西部建昌县境内,是以开采铅、锌、铜和银为主的中型多金属矿山。曾有不少单位在矿区进行过地质勘探和矿床研究工作,对该矿成因提出了矽卡岩成因、岩浆热液成因、沉积改造成因和层控矿床等不同认识。本文以矽卡岩成因观点,着重研究讨论矿床矿化蚀变分带特征、矽卡岩化与矿化的成因联系等一系列基本问题,并以矿区内北西向成矿断裂带作为讨论重点。     

青海省典型铁矿矿床特征及其成矿系列的浅析

青海省铁矿床(点)成因类型可划分为镁铁-超镁铁岩浆成矿系列的结晶分异型矿床;壳幔型中酸性岩浆成矿系列的热液型、矽卡岩型矿床;火山喷流-沉积成矿系列的层控型矿床;叠加改造成矿系列的层控改造型、改造热液型、沉积变质型矿床;沉积喷流成矿系列的层控型矿床;沉积成矿系列的陆、海相沉积型矿床.通过对这些成矿系列的典型铁矿矿床特征的研究,从其成矿构造地质环境分析,许多铁多金属矿床(点)均具有形成大型以上矿床的成矿地质条件,且多伴生铜、铅、锌、金银等多金属矿产.研究认为,在今后的找矿勘查过程中,应利用成矿系列的规律,并注重对共(伴)生组分的综合评价,这对扩大全省的找矿远景,提高资源综合利用水平,提高铁矿床技术经济价值具有重要的意义.     

青海省典型铁矿矿床特征及其成矿系列的浅析

青海省铁矿床（点）成因类型可划分为镁铁-超镁铁岩浆成矿系列的结晶分异型矿床；壳幔型中酸性岩浆成矿系列的热液型、矽卡岩型矿床；火山喷流-沉积成矿系列的层控型矿床；叠加改造成矿系列的层控改造型、改造热液型、沉积变质型矿床；沉积喷流成矿系列的层控型矿床；沉积成矿系列的陆、海相沉积型矿床．通过对这些成矿系列的典型铁矿矿床特征的研究，从其成矿构造地质环境分析，许多铁多金属矿床（点）均具有形成大型以上矿床的成矿地质条件，且多伴生铜、铅、锌、金银等多金属矿产。研究认为，在今后的找矿勘查过程中，应利用成矿系列的规律，并注重对共（伴）生组分的综合评价，这对扩大全省的找矿远景，提高资源综合利用水平，提高铁矿床技术经济价值具有重要的意义。     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿床成因探讨

鉴于南京栖霞山铅锌矿床尚未出现侵入岩体,故对其成因认识有中低温远成热液、深岩浆源热液、沉积-改造等观点。近年来,又有二元二次层控、叠生层控、沉积-热液叠加层控、多源层控等观点。笔者在综合前人资料的基础上,对矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿作用进行了研究,认为矿床应属壳源-后成层控矿床,并建立了栖霞山式铅锌矿床的成矿模式。     

陕西铅锌矿类型及其找矿方向

通过对陕西以往和新发现铅锌矿资源成果的分析、总结，将陕西铅锌矿床成因类型划为四级，其中一级划为内生矿床、外生矿床、变质矿床及叠生矿床；二级划为层控矿床、区域变质矿床、沉积矿床、火山成因矿床、热液矿床、接触交代（矽卡岩）矿床及伟晶岩矿床，其中区内最重要的铅锌矿床成因类型为层控矿床，次为区域变质矿床；与主要铅锌矿床有关的成矿系列初步划分为4个矿床成矿系列组合，6个成矿系列类型，9个成矿系列，其中主要与铅锌矿床有关的成矿系列为海底热液喷流-沉积铅锌矿床成矿系列、与热水渗滤作用有关的铅锌矿床成矿系列、海底喷流沉积-热液改造铅锌铜矿床成矿系列；与铅锌成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区（带）有5条，有关的Ⅳ级成矿区（带）有7条，主要铅锌成矿区（带）有12条，其中铅锌重点成矿区（带）有7条，即铅硐山-黄柏源铅锌铜成矿带、银硐子-桐木沟银铅锌铜重晶石成矿带、东川-小川铅锌铜成矿带、锡铜沟-板岩镇铅锌金汞锑成矿带、赵湾-黄石板铅锌金成矿带、阳平关-朱家坝古生代铅锌钴磷海泡石成矿区和勉县茶店子-宁强青木川金银铅锌铜硫成矿带。     

河南银洞坡金矿床特征及成因探讨

银洞坡金矿矿源层岩石建造为火山 -沉积建造 ,矿源层对矿床的形成及矿体的产状、形态、规模起到双重控制作用 ,金矿床具有层控矿床的特征。成矿热液来源是变质热液 ,矿质来源于矿源层 ,矿源层的成矿元素来源于地幔。矿床成因类型为层控火山 -沉积 -变质热液矿床。     

辽宁桓仁二棚甸子铜锌矿床地球化学特征及矿床成因

为确定二棚甸子铜锌矿床的成因,对该矿床的成矿地质背景和地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,矿区内的含矿矽卡岩分为层状和不规则状两种类型,前者主要呈层状、似层状,与围岩整合接触; 含矿矽卡岩与寒武系徐庄组碳酸盐岩具有相似的稀土元素组成和一致的稀土配分曲线; 矿区地层中碳酸盐岩的Cu、Pb、Zn 等主要成矿元素含量明显高于克拉克值以及区域同类岩石的平均含量。结合S、Pb、C 等同位素资料,认为该矿床的层状矽卡岩矿体具有层控特征,成矿物质主要来自徐庄组沉积地层; 与燕山期闪长岩有关的接触交代型矿化形成了不规则状矽卡岩矿体,并对早期层状矿体进行了叠加改造。     

福建漳平洛阳铁矿成矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

漳平洛阳铁矿是一个中型铁矿床,共(伴)生有锌、硫、钼矿等,前人认为铁矿床的成因主要有矽卡岩型、沉积-热液改造型、火山沉积-热液改造型、复合-叠加层状型等4种.在综合分析前人资料的基础上,从研究区内铁矿控矿地质条件出发,对其重新总结和认识,认为洛阳铁矿床为层控矽卡岩型矿床,为洛阳铁矿深边部找矿提供依据.     

层控矿床有机地球化学研究的几个问题

对层控矿床有机地球化学研究中值得注意的矿源层类型、石油沥青演化、有机矿床成因及成矿温度、成矿流体有机质在成矿过程中的发展演化 以及层控矿床与古油藏的共生关系等问题进行了综述。     

秦岭凤太地区铅硐山铅锌矿床成因评述

本文简要回顾了秦岭凤太地区铅硐山铅锌矿床的发现和研究历史。在大量收集前人研究资料和实地观测研究的基础上对该矿床成因认识和研究现状进行了总结和归类。对岩浆热液论、层控矿床沉积-改造和沉积-再造论、沉积-变质热液论、海底喷气(流)沉积成矿论及动力热液成矿论这5类主要成因观点作了概要性评述。从动力成矿模式出发,指出了今后的找矿方向。本文研究结论启发我们通过矿床成因模式研究可指导今后找矿勘探工作。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.