河流稀土元素地球化学研究进展

河流系统中,稀土元素(REE)受区域地质背景、风化作用、溶液化学以及水与颗粒物相互作用等因素的影响发生分异。河流悬浮物显示轻稀土(LREE)适度富集;河水显示重稀土(HREE)富集,或在HREE富集的基础上又有适度的中稀土(MREE)富集;与其它微量元素相比,REE在河水与颗粒物之间有较小的分配系数(K≈10-6);河流沉积物多显示平坦的REE配分模式。     

若尔盖地块三叠系泥质岩微量元素地球化学特征与构造背景

研究了若尔盖地区三叠系泥质岩微量元素地球化学特征。三叠系各地层样品中轻稀土显著富集,重稀土变化平缓,稀土总量为173.41×10-6~238.46×10-6,其变化不大。稀土含量与中国东部泥质岩相比差别不大。微量元素地球化学特征表明本区三叠系物源为大陆岛弧。     

五台山太古宙变质基性岩的地球化学及岩石成因

五台山变质杂岩中的新太古代变质基性岩主要由变质辉长岩、绿泥石片岩及角闪岩组成。根据稀土配分模式可以把它们分为三组:第一组具有平坦的稀土配分型式,稀土总量比较低(29×10-6~52×10-6),显示弱的Eu负异常及无异常(EuN/EuN=0.84~1.02),轻稀土略有亏损到弱富集(LaN/YbN=0.86~1.3),原始地幔标准化图解上具有平坦的分布模式和明显的Zr负异常,稀土和微量元素特征类似于大洋高原拉斑玄武岩,代表了地幔柱形成的高原玄武岩的残余。第二组稀土总量明显高于第一组(34×10-6~116×10-6),具有轻稀土富集的配分型式(LaN/YbN=1.76~4.34),弱的Eu…     

松辽盆地XX地区四方台组富铀地层的微量元素地球化学特征

为探讨新类型"盆内隆缘式"富铀地层微量元素地球化学特征和铀的富集规律,选取松辽盆地XX地区四方台组富铀砂岩地层进行野外踏勘和系统采样,对研究区东西方向4个钻孔剖面含矿砂岩和不含矿砂岩进行了岩石学、矿物学和微量元素地球化学分析。结果表明,铀主要在长石岩屑砂岩中富集,并且靠近铀富集层位的岩石类型在横向上、纵向上呈规律性变化。稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分显示,围岩、矿化砂岩和富铀砂岩均呈右倾,具有轻稀土富集特点,并且轻稀土组分内部分异弱于重稀土;富铀砂岩δEu呈正异常,可能由富含斜长石所致;δCe基本无异常或略显负异常。富铀地层砂岩中的微量元素Grant等位线法分析表明铀初级富集过程中,微量元素大多表现为迁入,尤其稀土元素整体基本上是迁入,在再次富集过程中,微量元素迁出组分增加,尤其稀土元素整体表现为迁出,这反映铀的两次富集过程中的水解作用强度不同,后者较弱。     

南极泰勒谷及罗斯岛地区火山岩微量元素地球化学

南极泰勒谷及罗斯岛地区火山岩的微量元素地球化学研究表明,它们可以分为两大类,博尼湖南岸、克雷克特山和鸟角的碧玄岩或碱玄岩是地幔平衡部分熔融作用的结果;罗德角和伊万思角的安粗岩是岩浆分离结晶作用的结果,其母岩浆相当于本区的碧玄岩。５个采样地区火山岩具有相同的地幔来源,地幔源区为轻稀土富集型,并富集重稀土元素。     

赤城县万全寺银金矿床稀土和微量元素地球化学示踪

万全寺银金矿赋存于侏罗系上统白旗组二段的安山岩和粗安岩中。稀土微量元素测试表明稀土配分曲线向右倾斜,为轻稀土富集型,反映其属上地幔岩部分熔融成因,且主要形成于岩浆演化的晚期富集特征。矿石中微量元素测试结果表明矿床具有岩浆成因特征,推断其为深部产物。C、H、O、Pb、S、He、Ar同位素资料亦表明成矿物质来源于地球深部．成矿流体以岩浆水为主,并有天水混入。     

吉林省桦甸油页岩中稀土元素和微量元素的研究

对桦甸油页岩及其灰渣的矿物成分、主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明：油页岩中稀土元素含量低于北美页岩(NASC)中的平均含量,REE球粒陨石标准化的分布模式曲线表现为负斜率,(La/Yb)_N的平均值大于1,属于轻稀土富集型;REE北美页岩标准化的分布模式曲线较平缓,（La/Yb）_S的平均值接近于1,轻重稀土分馏不明显。与球粒陨石和北美页岩相比,Eu有较严重的正异常。油页岩中的微量元素与北美页岩和地壳的平均值相比较,Sb、Nb、Cs、Zn、Bi、W等元素具有较高的富集度。油页岩灰渣中稀土元素和微量元素富集度均高于油页岩。     

麻山群孔兹岩系的地球化学特征

系统的地球化学研究，揭示出麻山群孔兹岩系岩石具有与典型的太古后碎屑沉积物相同的稀土分布模式。稀土总量高，轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损，具明显的负铕异常。它们的微量元素分布，也表现出太古后沉积物的典型特征。结合这些岩石富钾贫钠的性质以及原岩中大量石英砂岩的存在，认为它们的原始沉积物主要来源于一个被风化和剥蚀的富钾花岗质深成侵入体。它们是稳定克位通构造环境下形成的陆棚浅海沉积物。并根据麻山群的形成时代，对佳     

西藏墨竹工卡县邦铺钼(铜)矿床辉钼矿稀土—微量元素特征及对成矿流体性质的指示

文章以西藏墨竹工卡县邦铺钼(铜)矿床辉钼矿为研究对象,采用高精度电感耦合等离子质谱( ICPMS)对辉钼矿进行了稀土和微量元素测试.测试结果显示辉钼矿具有轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式,轻重稀土内部分馏明显.辉钼矿稀土元素不同程度地出现铕负异常和铈负异常现象,分析得出其铕负异常可能是继承了成矿流体自身铕亏损的特征,而铈负异常...     

老挝孟南县晚石炭世玄武岩地球化学特征及成因

老挝琅勃拉邦孟南县一带广泛分布的晚石炭世玄武岩为钙碱性系列-高钾钙碱性系列,亏损高场强元素,具Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf负异常的弧火山岩特征。岩石稀土总量(ΣREE)较低,轻稀土弱-中等富集,稀土元素配分模式总体协调一致,呈轻稀土富集的右倾斜型;岩石微量元素显示了与陆缘弧火山岩类似的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线特征。构造环境判别图解表明该区玄武岩形成于陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧环境,是墨江-黎府-罗文真火山弧的基性岩组成部分。岩浆动力来源于晚石炭世哀牢山-斯雷博河洋向西俯冲的消减,其空间展布限定并指示了结合带的空间位置,其构造属性是斯雷博河洋俯冲极性的重要制约。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.