共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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化学测量中不确定度的计算方法——不确定度连续传递模型计算示例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
不确定度连续传递模型的基本步骤为:①对标准曲线的各点进行不确定度评定,给出各点的标准不确定度;②对标准曲线各点的响应值进行多次测定,得出其平均值和标准不确定度;③以这2个标准不确定度为权重进行拟合,得出双误差拟合方程和标准不确定度的计算公式;④计算标准曲线各点与其校准点的差值,并将其转换成标准不确定度;⑤将以上4项按不确定度传播规律计算总不确定度。实际测量时, ①、②、④步用插值法算得。通过一个实例比较了不同拟合方法间结果的差别,说明了运用X、Y的相对误差作为权重的直线拟和,再加上“不确定度连续传递模型”算得的测量不确定度更为合理。 相似文献
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不确定度连续传递模型的基本步骤为:①对标准曲线的各点进行不确定度评定,给出各点的标准不确定度;②对标准曲线各点的响应值进行多次测定,得出其平均值和标准不确定度;③以这2个标准不确定度为权重进行拟合,得出双误差拟合方程和标准不确定度的计算公式;④计算标准曲线各点与其校准点的差值,并将其转换成标准不确定度;⑤将以上4项按不确定度传播规律计算总不确定度。实际测量时, ①、②、④步用插值法算得。通过一个实例比较了不同拟合方法间结果的差别,说明了运用X、Y的相对误差作为权重的直线拟和,再加上“不确定度连续传递模型”算得的测量不确定度更为合理。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定地下水中苯并(a)芘的不确定度评定 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过对高效液相色谱法测定地下水中苯并(a)芘含量的全过程分析,确定了测定结果不确定度的来源。采用不确定度连续传递模型,对引入的不确定度分量进行评定,并采用最小二乘法对标准曲线进行拟合,确定了地下水中苯并(a)芘含量标准不确定度由样品取样量、样品定容体积及测定体积、样品重复性测定、标准溶液浓度和标准曲线拟合误差6部分不确定度合成。通过对2个不同含量样品测定结果不确定度评定,证明苯并(a)芘含量越低,测定结果的相对标准不确定度越大;且样品重复性测定和标准曲线拟合误差是测定结果不确定度的重要来源。 相似文献
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硅钼黄分光光度法测定地下水中偏硅酸的不确定度评定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用不确定度连续传递模型,对硅钼黄分光光度法测定地下水中偏硅酸(DZ/T0064.62—93)的不确定度进行评定。测量结果的不确定度主要来源于标准溶液引入的不确定度、曲线拟合产生的不确定度和测量过程引入的不确定度三部分,而二氧化硅和偏硅酸的摩尔质量不确定度较小,可以忽略不计。采用双误差回归的方式对标准曲线进行拟合,在对各个不确定度分量进行量化的基础上,通过合成得到测量结果的标准不确定度,再乘以95%置信概率下的扩展因子2,得到测量结果的扩展不确定度。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中7种元素的结果不确定度评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中铜、铅、锌、钾、钠、钛、钒7种元素的整个实验过程可能引入的各种不确定度来源进行分析,并对各种不确定度分量进行量化计算,最后得出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,给出测试结果。 相似文献
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岩溶塌陷往往具有不确定性,隐蔽性及突发性。基于岩溶塌陷的上述特点,文章选取高密度电法、主动源面波法、微动法对泗角村岩溶塌陷区进行综合研究,结果表明:高密度电法能较好地的区分岩土层界面及划分岩溶发育带,但分辨率较低;主动源面波法能较好划分岩土层界面且分辨率较高,但探测深度浅;微动法能较精准地确定岩溶塌陷位置,但抗干扰能力较弱;高密度电法、主动源面波法及微动法结合才能有效查明塌陷区内岩土层结构、确定岩溶发育带位置,并预测划分出塌陷危险区、塌陷潜伏区和相对稳定区,为后续灾害治理工作确定具体范围,给治理施工设计提供科学依据;另外,通过对高密度电法、主动源面波法及微动法解译异常特征的分析,查明了塌陷区塌陷的形成和机井的长年抽水有关。 相似文献
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传统直流电法勘探方法,在地下水研究中应用于寻找水源、确定地下水的开采量取得了较好的应用效果.本文结合杏花村镇供水井位勘测,详细介绍了地球物理勘探工作的方法,并对测量资料进行了解释,提出了确定供水井井位的建议. 相似文献
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Development of a simple method for determining the influence radius of a pumping well in steady-state condition 下载免费PDF全文
A S El-Hames 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(2):97-107
Influence radius of a pumping well is a crucial parameter for hydrogeologists and engineers. Knowing the radius of influence for a designed drawdown enables one to calculate the pumping rate required to layout a project foundation that may need lowering of groundwater level to a certain depth due to dewatering operation. In addition, this is important for hydrogeologists to determine ground water contamination flow paths and contributing recharge area for domestic water supply and aquifer management purposes. Empirical formulas that usually neglect vital parameters to determine the influence radius accurately have been traditionally utilized due to lack of adequate methods. In this study, a physically based method, which incorporates aquifer hydraulic gradient for determining the influence radius of a pumping well in steady-state flow condition, was developed. It utilizes Darcy and Dupuit laws to calculate the influence radius, where Darcy's law and Dupuit equation, in steady-state condition, represent the inflow and the outflow of the pumping well, respectively. In an untraditional manner, this method can be also used to determine aquifer hydraulic conductivity as an alternative to other pumping test methods with high degree of accuracy. The developed method is easy to use; where a simple mathematical calculator may be used to calculate the influence radius and the pumping rate or hydraulic conductivity. By comparing the results from this method with the MODFLOW numerical model outputs with different simulated scenarios, it is realized that this method is much superior and more advantageous than other commonly used empirical methods. 相似文献
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在胶莱盆地,其红层所属地层岩性为粉砂岩、泥岩,含、透水性较差,查找低阻断裂构造是其地下水勘探的唯一途径。而红层地区的压扭性断层,会因挤压密实的断层泥存在,导致单纯利用低电阻率参数判定地下水的赋存位置出现差错。根据该区地下水的自然电位异常值约为-100mV、含水破碎砂岩极化率大于2%、衰减度D大于50%的特点,提出了自然电位观测法与激发极化电测深法相结合的组合方法。即利用自然电场法进行剖面测量,判定含水异常位置,然后利用激发极化电测深法准确判定地下水所在层位及埋深。在胶州市某镇政府水源勘探中,利用该组合方法,成功的圈定了3个井位,并在预定的深度内打出了单井出水量为1000t/d的优质井。 相似文献
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渗透系数是工程降水设计重要的水文地质参数之一,由于水文地质本身的复杂性和计算的多样性,致使渗透系数计算值往往存在着较大的差异。而对于渗透系数的计算模型较多,究竟哪种数学计算模型比较接近黄土渗透性的实际情况,不同的专家有不同的观点。以西安地铁四号线火车站地下车站段抽水试验为例,运用了完整井稳定流中的单井法、带观测井法考虑井损的单井法数学计算模型,非完整井稳定流数学计算模型,水位恢复法数学计算模型3种方法综合确定黄土的渗透系数。分析对比了各种数学计算模型优缺点,给出了计算黄土渗透系数较为合理的数学计算模型。 相似文献
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预测复杂地质条件下深埋隧道施工掌子面前方水文特征对保障施工安全有着极为关键的作用。以广东省鸿图嶂隧道预测及防治隧道涌突水为例,将可控源音频大地电磁测深法应用于隧道开挖区域水文特征调查,确定可能发生的涌突水区域,并采用全断面超前帷幕注浆的方式进行防治。研究结果表明:可控源音频大地电磁法探测深度较大、抗干扰能力强、横向分辨率高。应用此方法预测到未来待施工的区段有5处存在较大涌突水可能,开挖结果显示可控源音频大地电磁探测很好地还原了埋深超过700 m的场地实际情况,解决了前期工作中其他技术方法不能很好地对断层的深部空间形态及其富水情况等特征进行准确判断的问题。针对探测结果和开挖情况,采用全断面超前帷幕注浆堵水方案对断层裂隙进行了有效封闭,达到了安全掘进和限量排放水的目的,从而降低了因隧道涌突水造成的不必要损失。这一方法的实践应用为隧道突涌水的预测做了很好的验证,并为相应的灾害防治提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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This paper presents two object models with corresponding simulation algorithms, which aim to condition well data correctly
while still converging in reasonable time. The first model is devoted to fluvial channels and the second one is mainly intended
for smaller objects. To verify the conditioning, a method for validating well conditioning algorithms for object models is
given. The purpose is to determine the extent to which the well conditioning introduces a bias in the models. To do this,
we check that the double expectation of a parameter conditioned to wells is equal to the unconditional expectation. This method
is applied to two different object models. Both the conditioning algorithms presented here give good results using this test. 相似文献
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Kai Zhang Hao Zhang Liming Zhang Ping Li Xiaoming Zhang Jun Yao 《Computational Geosciences》2017,21(3):499-518
A proper well pattern will have considerable effects on the oil field production, with the ultimate recovery of hydrocarbon enhanced and the water production rate reduced. Comparing with triangular well pattern, quadrangular well pattern has more advantages in some cases and has broader application prospects. However, constructing an optimal quadrangular well pattern is more complicated and has not gain enough research. Facing this situation, a new method of constructing quadrangular adaptive well pattern is proposed in this paper. This quadrangular adaptive well pattern is generated using frontal Delaunay quad-mesh generation method. Boundaries, faults, and existing wells can be constrained and treated as control variables to determine the well spacing, a gradient-based algorithm coupled with reservoir numerical simulator is used to optimize the well pattern. Comparing to conventional regular well pattern, the new well pattern will adjust its shape according to the heterogeneity in different parts of the reservoir, achieving the optimal effect using fewest wells. Two different examples are applied to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the method proposed can be successfully applied to the construction and optimization of well pattern for large-scale reservoirs and improve the ultimate recovery significantly. 相似文献