石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海洋沉积物和悬浮物中的镉、铅、铜

海洋沉积物和悬浮物样品基体组成十分复杂,而待测元素在样品中的含量也相差甚远,这给分析工作带来了一定的困难.石墨炉原子吸收法虽然具有灵敏度高,取样量少等优点,但存在着严重基体干扰^[1-2].因此很多作者不得不采用费时的分离手段或标准加入法进行测定.本文应用自制简易石墨平台和基体改进技术以及峰面积测量相结合,直接测定了海洋沉积物和悬浮物中的镉、铅、铜.方法有效地消除了普遍石墨炉原子吸收测定法分析镉、铅时所遇到的基体干扰,使标准加入法曲线与标准工作曲线的斜率比接近1.0.方法简便快速,稳定可靠。     

火焰原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中的锌

一、前言 锌是海洋环境监测重要项目之一,一般采用双硫腙比色法、原子吸收法等。前者操作繁琐,重复性差,灵敏度低。本文在前人的工作基础上,根据海洋沉积物中锌的含量范围和污染调查要求,采用HNO_3-HClO_4消解,火焰原子吸收法直接测定。本法操作简便,适用于各种海洋沉积物中锌的测定,其检测限为9.2μg/g,标准加入回收率在96—102％,浓度为3.0μg/ml时(n=6),变异系数为2.1％。     

巯基棉富集海水中铜、铅、镉、锌、银、铋、钴和镍

用巯基棉可富集分离海水中的铜、铅、镉、锌、银、铋、钴和镍等8种元素。当pH值为7的海水通过巯基棉柱时8种元素可被富集,然后用3ml 2N HCl洗脱。回收率一般可达90—117％,相对标准偏差一般为6—12％。本法与双硫腙-甲基异丁基酮络合萃取原子吸收法测定的海水样品结果基本一致。 该富集方法装置简单,操作简便,可在船上直接进行,有利于大面积海洋调查。     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海洋沉积物中的铜

一、前言 测定海洋沉积物中的铜已有许多报导,然而这些方法都是测定沉积物中铜的总量。双硫腙-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收测定铜,虽是测定沉积物中生物有效态铜的方法,并已被编入《海洋污染调查暂行规范补充规定》中,但该法因使用分离富集等萃取步骤,操作比较麻烦,同时也会增加沾污的可能性。本方法用灵敏度较高的石墨炉原子吸收法,直接测定海洋沉积物中生物有效态部分的铜,方法简便、快速、准确。     

火焰原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中的铜

一、前言 海洋沉积物中铜的测定方法已有许多报导。《海洋污染调查暂行规范》(补充规定)中选用双硫腙-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收法。但该法采用分离富集等步骤,操作较烦。本法作了简化,即样品经湿法消化后,直接用火焰原子吸收法测定铜,方法简便、快速、容易掌握。本法检出下限为3.0μg/g。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中铬

一、前言 目前测定沉积物样品中的铬有比色法、气相色谱法、火焰原子吸收法。这些方法中有的操作比较麻烦,有的灵敏度偏低,而且都只能测定沉积物中总铬。石墨炉原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中的铬,也是测定总铬,而且根据“规范”要求只测对生物有效态部分。本试验在测定沉积物总铬方法的基础上作了改进,对用Mg(NO_3)_2和抗坏血酸作基体改进剂作     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中的铜、铅、镉

本文采用APDC—DDTC/MIBK—环已烷萃取体系分离富集,高温石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定海水、河口水中的铜、铅、镉。本法具有取样量少,操作简便,稳定性好,灵敏度高,结果准确等优点。图2,表6,参考文献8。     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

溶剂萃取——硝酸溶液反萃取石墨炉原子吸收法连续测定海水中痕量铜、铅、镉和锌

采用国产WFX—IB型原子吸收分光光度计,以APDC—DDTC/MIBK—环己烷萃取,硝酸溶液反萃体系分离富集海水中痕量铜、铅、镉和锌,继用石墨炉原子吸收法连续测定。提出的方法可用于大洋、河口和近岸海水样的分析。本法检测限铜、铅、镉和锌,分别为0.013、0.022、0.0013和0.051微克/升,相对标准偏差均小于8%,回收率为96—108%。     

铜、锌、铅、镉对海洋浮游藻的毒性效应

研究了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属离子活度对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、球等边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、叉边金藻(Dirateria inornate)的毒性效应。藻对重金属的响应曲线包括平台区、阈值、半数效应值、零增长值。对于Cu,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCu=8.5,p~aCu=8.7,p~aCu=8.9。三种藻的零增长值分别为p~aCu=7.0,p~aCu=7.1,p~aCu=7.3。对于Zn,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aZn=8.0,p~aZn=8.5,p~aZn=9.5。两种藻的零增长值分别为p~aZn=6.3,p~aZn=6.9。对于Pb,二种藻的阈值分别为p~aPb=10.8,p~aPb=9.5:一种藻的零生长值在p~aPb=8.2。对于Cd,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCd=8.9,p~aCd=10.3,p~aCd=10.5。两种藻的零增长值出现在p~aCd=8.1和p~aCd=8.4。对于牟氏角毛藻,四种重金属的毒性强弱顺序为Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu。对于叉边金藻的毒性顺序为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。对于等边金藻的顺序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。     

Zn, Pb, Cu AND Cd IN PHASES OF SEDIMENTS IN ZHUJIANG ESTUARY

In this paper, the samples of sediments collected from five sampling-stations in the river-sea water mixing zone of the Zhujiang Estuary have been determined by the sequencial extraction procedure, anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic emission spectrometry etc. The contents of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the various phases which are dissolvable, ion-exchangeable, combined with carbonates, easily-reducible, reducible, combined with organic matters and sulfides and residue in the sediments, have been obtained.     

The behavior of Zn,Cd, Cu,Ni, Co,Fe, and Mn in anoxic baltic waters

In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O₂H₂S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH₂S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO₃). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin.     

珠江河口铜、铅、锌、铬和镉对单细胞藻类生长的影响

通过现场采水样和实验室模拟,研究珠江河口环境在一连串变化过程中,当各种浓度的Cu,zn,Pb,Cr和Cd单独存在或共存时,对单细胞藻类——硅藻和扁藻的毒性影响。     

海洋中铁、锰、铜等过渡金属元素的光化学研究进展

近年来光化学的研究已取得了重大进展 ,但纵观国内外研究发现 ,对有机光化学物质 ,如石油、污染物、天然有机物等的研究较多［１ ,２ ,５］ ,而对无机物的光化学研究相对较少 ,尤其目前国内在这方面的研究仍几乎为空白。海水中存在许多过渡金属元素 ,它们及其有机络合物的电子容易转移 ,并在近紫外区和可见区有光吸收带 ,具有显著的光化学活性 ,故光氧化还原过程对过渡金属元素在海水中的存在状态和迁移变化规律影响显著［３］。近年来研究最多的是铁、锰、铜等元素的光化学过程。１铁的光化学过程铁是浮游植物生长所必须的一种微量元素 ,它…     

RESEARCH ON THE DETERMINATION OF Pb, Cd, Cu AND Zn IN SEAWATER BY STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY

In this paper, a comparison viral made between the two results of determining Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in seawater by direct current (tripping voltammetry (DCS) with rotating glass carbon electrode and by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPS) with hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). By DCS, the range of linear calibration curves obtained was 4×10-3 M-2×10-7M for Cu, Zn and Cd, and 4× 10-9M-2×10-3M for Pb. By using DPS, the range of linear calibration curve was as follows: Cu 0.65-1.9 ppb; Pb 1.0-10 ppb; Zn 0.65-2.0 ppb; Cd 0.02-0.14 ppb. It was found that DCS could be used for determining Pb, Cu, Zn in coastal waters, but it is necessary to add gallium ion to it to eliminate the interference of Cu-Zn inter-metallic compound for determining Zn. The DPS is better for determinig Cd.     

DIRECT AND SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Bi IN SEAWATER BY DERIVATIVE-VOLTAMMETRY

This paper suggests direct and simultaneous determinations of the reducible species of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Bi in seawater made by the derivative-differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry with a hung mercury drop electrode. The influence of Cu on the determination of Zn in this experiment condition has been studied, of which both the accuracy and precision are satisfactory. The procedure of determination is so quick, simple and convenient that the background concentration of these five elements in coastal seawaters can be determined only by adjusting the acidity of seawater to pH 2.5 and by taking 10-minutes plating time. Actual measurement time of these five elements for every sample is approximately 25 min.     

黑鲷对Fe,Zn,Cu,Co和I的营养需求

作者在本刊的前一篇文章中报告了黑鯛对Ca,P,K,Mg和Mn的营养需求,本文将报告黑鲷对Fe,Cu,Zn,Co和I的营养需求的研究结果。     

Distribution and stoichiometry of Al,Mn, Fe,Co, Ni,Cu, Zn,Cd, and Pb in seawater around the Juan de Fuca Ridge

A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r ² = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu.