THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF MINERAL RESOURCES UTILIZATION IN CHINA

ＴＨＥ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬ ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳ ＡＮＤ ＣＯＵＮＴＥＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＳ ＯＦ ＭＩＮＥＲＡＬ ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＮＡＸｕＱｉａｎｇ（徐强）（ＨｅｂｅｉＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｓｈｉ...     

Relative sea level rise and its effects on environment and resources in China’s coastal areas

Due to global climate warming and natural and man-made land subsidence etc., relative sea level rise in the coastal plains of China will exceed 2–3 times over the golbal mean value during the first half part of the 21st century. It will result in a series of adverse impacts on evolution of natural environment and socioeconomic development of the coastal area. This paper analyses environmental and resource effects induced by relative sea level rise in China’s coastal areas on the basis of rough estimate of future relative sea level rise. These effects include inundating tidal flat and wetlands and increase in inundated risk of coastal habitable land, exacerbating storm surge. coastal erosion, flooding and salt water intrusion hazards, as well as endangering land, water, tourism and living resources and their utilization.     

THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLACIAL WATER RESOURCE AND WAYS OF ITS EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION IN CHINA

ＴＨＥ　ＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＧＬＡＣＩＡＬ　ＷＡＴＥＲ　ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥ　ＡＮＤ　ＷＡＹＳ　ＯＦ　ＩＴＳ　ＥＸＰＬＯＩＴＡＴＩＯＮ　ＡＮＤ　ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＣＨＩＮＡＴＨＥＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＬＡＣＩＡＬＷＡ...     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE EASTERN CHINA DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE

The environmental changes during the Late Pleistocene were more obvious in the eastern China than in other areas at the same latitude, which either between northern and southern, or between land and sea of the eastern China were mostly non-synchronous. The transitional period prior to the last glaciation came about in the northern part of the eastern China about 115,000 yr. ago. The desert environments of the inland of the north China were developed both in the glacial maximum and in the warm interglacial period, but the loess accumulation mostly took place during the glacial period. The sand dunes and the periglacial solifluctions in the lower Changjiang (Yangtze) River region were formed during the last glacial period. The event of lowest surface temperature occurred at 98,000 yr. B.P. and 59,000 yr. B.P. in the northern part of the South China Sea but not during the full-glacial stage. The phenomena mentioned . above were the result of the following reasons that the paleo-environmental changes in the     

CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS：CHINA‘S URBAN GOVERNANCE

Chinaˊs urban reforms have brought social progress and development,but a comprehensive national system of social welfare(for example,unemployment insurance,pensions,medical care and public housing)for new migrants from rural areas is lacking.One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in so-cial“equality“,with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society.Howev-er,there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants.Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums.This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy,which include mainly:1)accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects;2)ur-ban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy;3)to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty;4)to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology;5)to coordi-nate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijingˊs metropolitan fringe.     

博兴县地热资源的开发前景

博兴县是山东省地热资源主要富集区之一，为低温地热资源，温热水型；地下热水主要赋存在新近系、古近系碎屑岩中，属层状孔隙—裂隙热储。其热储分布稳定，水温适中，水量丰富，易于开采，开发利用前景广闻。地热资源的开发利用要有科学的方案，要重视环境保护等问题。     

Wetland resource protection and rational utilization in China

Wetlands of China cover an area of 63 million ha, among which, natural wetlands 25 million ha, including mires, shallow lakes, etc., artificial wetlands 38 million ha. Besides these, there are a lot of rivers and islands, stretching 18,000 km of coastal line and coastal zone below the tidal within the water depth of 6 m. Based on the climatic regional differences, biota similarity and biodiversity abundance, China’s wetlands can be divided into 9 main regions. Wetlands not only have huge functions to regulate mankind’s living environment, but also are the important and precious natural resources. For a long period, since the contradiction between population and resources, energy, grain is getting more and more obvious, China’s wetlands are facing to serious disturbances, such as large-scale reclamation, overhunting, industrial waste water pollution and species introducing. They have brought about the wetland quantity reducing and quality falling, furthermore have effects on sustainable development. For the special national conditions of China, higher population pressure, China should carry out wetland resource protection and rational utilization, not only protection.     

鲁北临盘地热资源特征及开发利用

鲁北临盘地热资源丰富 ,热储层为新近纪黄骅群馆陶组 ,热储盖层为新近纪黄骅群明化镇组和第四纪平原组 ,热源主要来自地壳深部正常热流传导。目前已钻凿 2口地热井 ,开发利用效益显著。地热开发要避开油气层 ,石油开发要防止污染地热储水层。     

烟台市地热资源勘查开发利用现状与远景规划

烟台市地热资源主要分布在北纬37°15′以北的花岗岩地区断裂构造带交会部位,多属断裂构造控制的对流型中低温地热田。烟台市现有地热井24口,均属热水型,其温度范围26～87℃,主要用于洗浴、养殖、采暖、娱乐4个方面。通过对地热资源的勘查开发利用现状和开发中存在的问题分析研究,进而提出地热资源勘查开发利用的远景规划。     

Sediment records of environmental changes in the south end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area during the past 100 years

Previous studies carried out in the East China Sea （ECS） mud area focused on long-term environmental changes in sedimentary records during the Holoeene, especially during the mid-Holocene high-stand water levels period. These results indicate that sensitive grain size groups can be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct the evolution of the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. The studies have been carried out mainly in the northern and middle portions of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud, however, similar research in the southern portion and the comparison between sedimentary proxy and modern measured data of EAWM are lacking. In this paper, we focused on a sedimentary record of the past 100 years with an enhanced resolution of 1.8 years. Investigations of the southern end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area were conducted on the basis of 21~Pb chronology, grain-size analysis and chemical element analysis. The correspondence between the mean grain size （Mz） of sediment sensitive grain size and the measured EAWM was confirmed for the first time. We found that during the recent 100 years, the variation of the mean grain size of the sensitive population in the southern portion of the Zhejiang-Fujian mud was mainly controlled by the EAWM intensity changes; and not directly related to changes in the sediment discharge from Datong station of the Changjiang River （DTSD）. Finally, recent changes in the content of heavy metals in study area reflect the impact of human activities on the environment.     

聊城市城区地热资源及开发利用

聊城市城区位于临清潜陷区和鲁中隆起区的接合部位,地热成矿地质条件有利。地热类型属层状裂隙-孔隙型和裂隙-岩溶型,可被利用的热储层主要有3个,分别为新近纪馆陶组、古近纪东营组裂隙-孔隙型热储和寒武-奥陶纪裂隙-岩溶型热储。3个热储层水温、水质各具特点,均具有较好的开发利用价值。     

威海市地下水资源及可持续开发利用建议

威海市地下水资源分布极不均匀 ,本文对其开发利用现状和存在的问题作了分析 ,根据开采潜力指数将其分为可增强开采区、控制开采区和调减开采区 ,并就可持续开发利用提出对策和建议     

威海市地下水资源及可持续开发利用建议

威海市地下水资源分布极不均匀,本文对其开发利用现状和存在的问题作了分析,根据开采潜力指数将其分为可增强开采区、控制开采区和调减开采区,并就可持续开发利用提出对策和建议.     

浙江省萤石矿产资源开发利用的对策建议

本文对浙江萤石矿产资源状况、勘查工作程度、探明和保有储量、矿山企业经济和技术条件、工业应用和消费结构以及外贸出口等作了深入细致的分析和变化趋势研究,作出了萤石储量入不敷出、资源优势告急、骨干矿山企业进入资源枯竭时期等重要警示,已引起政府领导部门的高度关注,也为浙江萤石资源保护和合理开发利用提供了可靠依据。对政府决策具有重要参考价值。     

博兴县地热田的开发利用与保护

博兴县地热资源为低温地热资源,温热水型,地下热水主要赋存在新、古近系碎屑沉积岩中,属层状孔隙-裂隙热储。具有热储分布稳定,水温适中,水量丰富且易于开发等特点,开发潜力大,开发利用前景广阔。     

华北平原水资源合理开发利用的思路与举措

经过几十年的大量开采利用,华北平原地下水资源不仅表现为区域超采和局部严重超采,也暴露出地下水补给源严重萎缩的问题。其主要表现在中西部粗质平原的地下水易补给区,因汇流山地水库强力拦蓄,河道主体补给功能丧失,而在中东部细质平原的径流主产区,因水位埋藏浅和水质咸化,降水径流不能形成对地下水的有效补给,蒸发流失严重。以往实践强调山区水利工程建设而轻视了东部低平原区径流拦蓄利用,重视对高海拔咸水体的改造利用而忽视了对低海拔咸水体的改造利用,强化地表水库建设的重要性而忽略了地下水库的重要性。面对华北平原供水紧张的严峻形势,调整水资源开发战略势在必行,其具体思路是:以千方百计提高降水利用水平为中心,调整和改善水资源开发利用整体布局;以地下水补给调蓄为重点,大力集蓄雨洪水和改造利用浅层水,充分发挥地表水和地下水两大功能作用。其具体举措有:实施山前梯级水坝的地下水库"回灌"工程;实施中东部及滨海淡水蓄水利用工程;实施东部浅层地下水规模化改造开发利用工程。若上述措施得以实施,可使降水利用率从现状的20.65%提高到26%以上,则华北平原供水问题有望获得解决。     

Metabolic and phylogenetic profile of bacterial community in Guishan coastal water (Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water(Pearl River Estuary), South China Sea, at 12 sites(S1–S12) were explored by community-level physiological profiling(CLPP) with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE). Our results showed that the core mariculture area(S6, S7 and S8) and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge(S11 and S12) had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others(S1–5, S9–10). Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data(H 3.2) was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.     

济南市水资源概况及开发利用初探

综合分析济南的气候、自然、地理,尤其是水文地质条件,根据济南水资源基本特征与资源量,认为济南市水资源总量相对充足,水资源供求的突出矛盾集中体现为供水结构不合理、水资源开发利用不合理。结合济南市的水资源特征,制定了保障济南市水资源可持续利用方案及相应措施。     

Interactions of aquaculture and waste disposal in the coastal zone

Throughout the world, the coastal zones of many countries are used increasingly for aquaculture in addition to other activities such as waste disposal. These activities can cause environmental problems and health problems where they overlap. The interaction between aquaculture and waste disposal, and their relationship with eutrophication are the subjects of this paper. Sewage discharge without adequate dispersion can lead to nutrient elevation and hence eutrophication which has clearly negative effects on aquaculture with the potential for toxic blooms. Blooms may be either toxic or anoxia-causing through the decay process or simply clog the gills of filter-feeding animals in some cases. With the development of aquaculture, especially intensive aquaculture, many environmental problems appeared, and have resulted in eutrophication in some areas. Eutrophication may destroy the health of whole ecosystem which is important for sustainable aquaculture. Sewage discharge may also cause serious public health problems. Filter-feeding shellfish growing in sewage-polluted waters accumulate micro-organims, including human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and heavy metal ion, presenting a significant health risk. Some farmed animals may also accumulate heavy metals from sewage. Bivalves growing in areas affected by toxic algae blooms may accumulate toxins (such as PSP, DSP) which can be harmful to human beings.     

德州市地热资源及开发利用

德州市低温地热资源丰富,目前德城、乐陵、宁津、齐河等县(市、区)已先后发现地热资源.本文介绍了该区地热资源的地质条件,对其开发利用前景进行了分析,探讨了开发利用中应注意的几个问题.