南堡凹陷构造样式及其演化

南堡凹陷在新生代沉积盖层内有伸展和走滑两个独立的构造体系,在深层次可能又隶属同一构造带,它们相互作用和叠加,形成伸展构造、走滑构造、底辟构造和复合构造等四种局部构造样式。凹陷的基本构造格局和形成演化主要由伸展构造控制;走滑性质则影响凹陷内部构造展布,并对断块不均衡伸展起重要调节作用。     

京西煤田地薄皮式推覆构造

马兰薄皮式推覆构造由Ｆ０９、Ｆ０１分别成顶底部推覆构造的边界断层及主滑面，其间包容着１４个断片，向下消失于基底滑脱面之上，构成典型的侏罗山式薄皮构造。外来岩体由北西向南东推覆滑动，滑移距离在７ｋｍ以上，地层长度缩短５倍左右，地层厚度增加３倍。推覆构造产生于Ｊ３ｔ之后，Ｋ１ｄ之前，系燕山台运动中晚期，向下切割及叠加在早期Ｆ１滑覆构造系统之上。构造发育规律对找煤勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

湘东金管冲铀矿床控矿构造解析

通过金管冲铀矿床成矿构造背景和矿田构造的多尺度解析，系统论述了不同尺度的构造对成矿的控制作用，结合成矿流体的物理化学性质，探讨了矿床的形成机制，以上研究反映了“构造场地准备→富铀岩体形成→成矿流体演化→成矿元素沉淀”这一动态过程。     

煤层横向预测的地震技术研究——以鄂尔多斯煤盆地南部煤矿采区勘探为例

依据鄂尔多斯煤盆地南部侏罗纪煤田地质特征,提出了层位标定法、波形分析法、测井约束地震反演等适合本区的煤层横向预测方法。实践表明,利用三维地震资料的煤层横向预测方法,可精细描述埋深500m左右的煤层尖灭、冲刷带、变薄带、分又合并带、厚度变化等赋煤状态。     

吉林市第二松花江江段污染物-NH4+分布特征研究

针对吉林市铁合金厂排污口下游江水的污染情况，设计研究江段，分段、分层取样。通过野外与室内实验，分析研宄了江水污染物的主要成分，并对NH4^ 的纵向、横向、垂向上的分布特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明，垂直方向污染物扩散可以瞬时完成，在极短的时间内基本能达到完全混合；在横向和纵向上，岸边排放污染物一般只在近岸扩散，污染范围一般也只在靠近排污口一带；随着离排污口距离增大，污染物浓度降低，横向变化率较纵向大。本研究为排污口的污染物控制与治理、水资源保护提供了科学依据。     

断层模型约束反演在煤层横向预测中的应用研究

在精细断层解释的基础上,以地震层位为趋势面,通过对趋势面局部微调,使各层面的变化趋势和空间关系更加合理。通过网格精度和地层厚度有控制构建包含断层在内的精细构造框架模型,并根据波阻抗的差异特征,利用断层模型约束波阻抗反演实现煤层的横向预测。实例表明,基于断层模型约束反演技术的煤层横向预测方法,可精细描述煤层尖灭、变薄、分叉合并、厚度变化等赋煤形态,经实际钻井资料验证吻合较好。     

Molecular dynamics study and normal mode analysis of diffuse scattering in quartz

X-ray scattering intensities in quartz were investigated in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at different temperatures with the aid of normal mode analyses. The MD-simulated structure produced diffuse streaks most remarkably along a hexagon joining symmetry-equivalent points of index 400 in the hk0 plane, extending in ± c ^*. In addition, most Bragg spots were found to be associated by radial diffuse scattering in the six a ^* directions. The normal mode analysis and calculations of first-order scattering intensities showed that the lowest-lying branch in G-M is of transversal acoustic characters, and is responsible for the diffuse scattering radiating from Bragg reflections in the a ^*-directions. The transversal acoustic characters of atomic displacements in these modes provide the scattering in phase at points on the fourth hexagon. Phonon dispersion relations of the MD crystal were examined in view of symmetry-adapted atomic displacement patterns, and a possibility was suggested for two curves in G-M, optic soft branch and transversal acoustic branch polarized in the z axis (the second-lowest branch), to exchange the eigenvectors in the middle range of q (0.2–0.3).     

Burying processes carried out by a mobile transversal dunefield, Paracuru County, State of Ceará, Brazil

The migration of dunes and the consequent burying of the city of Paracuru by a transversal dunefield with perpendicular ridges oriented to the dominant windstream have been investigated. Overlapping aerial photographs taken during different flights have been used as a reference. Two sediment transportation directions were identified: the first is fed by the prevailing easterly winds; the second corresponds to the secondary southeasterly winds. With the maintenance of current wind conditions and pluvial precipitation, dunes will bury part of Paracuru town in approximately 120 years. Within this context, the geological evolution model that was applied proved to be satisfactory for the comprehension of sediment transportation mechanisms along the transversal dunes. Considering the prognosis in relation to Paracuru and its urban growth towards the dunefield, it is necessary to continue to study aeolian dynamics, aiming to develop support for the elaboration of future projects directed towards environmental management of the area.     

Dynamics of sedimentary environments in the accelerated siltation of a reservoir: the case of Alhama de Granada,southern Spain

An analysis has been made of sedimentary systems involved in the rapid silting of a reservoir constructed in 1974 in Alhama de Granada (S. Spain); in only 30 years the storage capacity of the reservoir has shrunk by 80% and its perimeter has decreased by 64%. A study of sediment lithofacies identified in a series of shallow trenches and of georadar facies identified in a series of almost 900 m lines of ground penetrating radar (GPR) images, together with a survey of surface geology, has identified 3 alluvial systems (2 transversal systems and a longitudinal system) whose deltas have filled in the reservoir. Thus, there are three phases in the evolution of the reservoir siltation: (1) an initial stage (1974–1977) typified by northward progradation of the longitudinal river delta of about 100 m year⁻¹ and an eastward progradation of the transversal system delta of about 20 m year⁻¹; (2) an intermediate stage (1977–1984) in which the longitudinal river delta progradation slowed to 25 m year⁻¹ and the axial drainage became obstructed due to the considerable eastward progradation of the transversal delta; and (3) a final phase (1984–present) in which there have been few changes in the areal distribution of the deltas apart from a southeastward expansion of the transversal delta. Generally, aggradational growth patterns (vertical accretion) have dominated in this final phase. The lithology of the source area, the slope and precipitation distribution has a significant effect not only on the sediment supply, but also indirectly on the creation of accommodation space and on the evolution of stratal growth patterns.     

Velocities of Ultrasonic Waves in Sand Samples Containing Water,Ice, or Methane and Tetrahydrofuran Hydrates (Laboratory Measurements)

We analyze the results of investigations of acoustic properties (velocities of longitudinal and transversal waves) in sand samples containing different amounts of water, ice, and methane or tetrahydrofuran hydrates in the pores using a special laboratory setup.     

高精度三维地震勘探关键技术研究及应用

针对目前中西部三维地震勘探存在的主要问题,以晋城成庄和潞安五阳两个采区三维地震勘探项目为依托,进行了高精度三维地震勘探技术攻关研究,总结出一套适合中西部复杂地区的"高精度三维地震勘探技术",即:以合理得当的观测系统、行之有效的成孔工具、严密完善的质量保证体系为基础,采用高密度采集技术、层析反演静校正技术、叠前时间偏移技术和岩性反演解释技术来提高三维地震勘探的精度和准确率。其中高密度采集技术具有小采样间隔、高覆盖次数、宽方位角、均匀的炮检距道集等优点,在提高横向分辨率的同时,也有效提高其纵向分辨能力,有利于小断层、小陷落柱或其它小地质异常的识别及解释;层析反演静校正技术特别适用于山地复杂地表条件,是解决山地资料静校正的一种有效方法;叠前时间偏移技术适用于速度纵向发生变化,而横向速度变化不大的地区,能够实现真正的共—反射点叠加,具有较好的构造成像效果和保幅性;岩性反演解释技术是将连续观测的地震资料与具有高纵向分辨率的测井资料进行关联实行优势互补,提高三维地震资料的纵、横向分辨率和对地下地质情况的勘探研究程度高。二个采区的的应用效果表明,上述技术极大提高了煤炭地质勘探的精度、准确率和解决地质问题的能力。     

Young magmatism in Afghanistan as the consequence of the neocene-quaternary tectonic movements

A considerable portion of the territory of Afghanistan, having structures of the Mediterranean folded belt, has been subjected to a general tectonomagmatic activization over the Miocene through to the present, resulting in different (predominantly oscillating) tectonic movements, intrusive magmatism, terrestrial volcanism, mineral occurrences, and springs of carbonated and nitrous thermal water.Three types of young magmatism and volcanism products have been recognized in Afghanistan:

1. (1) Miocene alkaline granite intrusions, described as the Share—Arman Complex, resulted from the early orogenic stage of the Late Alpine geosynclinal troughs development and were restricted to transversal uplifts, in both the geosynclinal structures and on their extension, in the surrounding median masses. These transversal uplifts also play the role of mineralization-controlling structures.

2. (2) Late orogenic—Early Quaternary volcanics (the Dash-i-Nawar Complex) cropping out by the periphery of median masses and at the marginal uplifts of the Late Alpine folded area and also restricted to the transversal uplifts with the confined fault zones to them.

3. (3) Alkaline carbonatitic (the Khanneshin Complex) and trachybasaltic (the SarLogh Complex) Early—Middle Quaternary volcanics in the inner parts of the Central Afghanistan Median Mass and in the southeastern segment of the Turan Plateau.

Areas with products of Middle Quaternary volcanism are restricted to knot areas of the major subcrustal faults which are currently active.