A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE DISTORTIONS OF THE IMAGE FORMED BY A MULTIPLEX PROJECTOR

Abstract

A Method is described for the determination of the resultant of the radial and tangential components of the distortion of the image produced by a Multiplex projector.     

THE GEODIMETER: AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES BY HIGH-FREQUENCY LIGHT VARIATIONS

Abstract

During the last few years a method of measuring accurately the lengths of lines of moderate length by means of high-frequency variations in the intensity of light emitted by a special transmitter, which promises to have many important applications in triangulation and precise traversing, has been devised by Mr. E. Bergstrand, of the Geographical Survey of Sweden. In principle, the method has certain resemblances to the apparatus invented and used by Fizeau for measuring the velocity of light, Bergstrand's instrument having been designed in the first place for the measurement of the same constant. In Fizeau's apparatus, it will be remembered, a ray of light was directed through the cogs of a revolving toothed wheel towards a distant mirror, and, when the wheel reached a certain angular velocity, the ray reflected from the mirror was intercepted by the cogs, so that an observer stationed on the same side of the wheel as the light source no longer saw the reflection of the light in the mirror. The angular velocity of the wheel being known or observed, the time taken for the cogs to obliterate the reflected image could be calculated, and twice the distance to the mirror divided by this time gave the velocity of light. In the Bergstrand apparatus, which is called the “geodimeter”, light pulses of known frequency and varying intensity are directed to the end station of the line whose distance is required, and, after reflection by a mirror at that station, are received back in a special receiving apparatus alongside the transmitter. Here they are converted into small electric currents, which, when the required distance is a certain function of the wave length of the transmitted and reflected pulses, can be made to give zero deflection on a sensitive galvanometer. In this way, the distance to be measured can be determined in terms of the wave length of the pulses. Experiments so far carried out with this apparatus have been successful up to distances of about 36 kilometres. Even with the latest model, however, as we shall see later, it is necessary to know the approximate distance to within 1½ km.     

THE GEODIMETER: AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES BY HIGH-FREQUENCY LIGHT VARIATIONS

Abstract

The constant K in equation (12) represents distance expended through time lags in the instrument itself, and, although the value of K can be calculated from electrical data, this would not be very satisfactory and it would be better to determine it directly by means of observations over a line of known length. In addition, the point from which K would be reckoned is not a convenient one for actual field measurements. Instead of this, it is more convenient to choose an index mark on the instrument itself and referall measurements to this and thence to the mark over which the instrument is set up.     

河北省地震局规划筹建用于地震应急的地理信息数据库的研究

利用Arc／Inf0，结合地震应急与辅助决策的特点，建成了河北省灾害评估与辅助决策系统，实现了以多种方式录入的空间数据，以有效的数据组织形式进行数据库管理、更新、维护、查询、检索，以多种方式输出决策所需的地理空间信息。     

地基GPS遥感大气水汽含量的误差分析

讨论并分析了利用地基ＧＰＳ遥感大气水汽含量时的误差源及其数值评估。其误差来自三个方面：一是计算ＧＰＳ讯号传输时间中湿延迟的误差;二是将该湿延迟转换为大气水汽含量公式中测定转换因子的误差;三是转换模型的误差。     

水土流失综合治理成果的遥感评价

以大比例尺遥感信息源为依据,对区域水土流失综合治理结果进行科学的、客观的评价,并以线划图的形式定性、定量、定位地表示出综合治理措施及治理成果的空间分布、质量水平、生态环境优劣和经济效益。同时,又可以显示出未来需要进一步加强治理的部位和方向,这是遥感技术在水土保持方面应用的一种新的尝试和探索。     

THE ESTIMATION OF VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE COMPONENTS FOR GPS BASELINE NETWORK BY MINQUE METHOD

This paper studies the estimation of variance and covariance compo-nents for GPS baseline network by MINQUE method.The fundamental rule forselecting variance-covariance model has been presented,and the alternative algo-rithm which simultaneouly estimates fixed variance components and scalled vari-ance components of the distance,azimuth and geodetic height difference for a GPSbaseline vector has been developed.     

遥感动态监测自动发现方法研究现状及发展趋势

在分析遥感影像特征和土地利用动态监测现状的基础上,根据土地利用遥感动态监测变化信息数据处理方法的不同,将其进行科学分类,对各类数据处理方法的原理、特点进行总结分析,并对当前遥感动态监测变化信息自动发现方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

马尾松毛虫危害区植被指数时序变化特征研究

本文介绍了利用虫害年度的多时相NOAA-AVHRR图像数据计算监测区归一化差植被指数（NDVI）,结合收集到的监测区的马尾松毛虫害历史资料来进行森林病虫害监测和预报的研究成果。从统计编制的分区NDVI时间序列变化曲线的对比来看,虫害区与非虫害区NDVI曲线具有一定的时序变化特征,对监测虫害有一定作用,也显示了NOAA-AVHRR资料在森林病虫害监测预报方面有一定应用前景。     

多光谱卫星图像反演云空湿度场方法的改进

利用1998年6～8月GMS图像和分析区内近70个台站的地面和探空资料,在过去工作的基础上,通过引入地面实测湿度场相关资料作新的分析参量,建立了各标准等压面相对湿度统计分析新模型,改进了应用多光谱卫星图像反演三维湿度场的方法.通过比较和检验,证实新模型可有效改进大气湿度场的反演精度,特别是低层湿度场的反演精度.     

THE FUTURE PROSPECTS OF DATA ACQUISITION BY PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER AIRBORNE SYSTEMS FOR LARGE SCALE MAPPING

This paper was the first to be presented at the Thompson Symposium 1984 which had as its theme “The future of photogrammetry”. The paper considers only the acquisition of imagery for large scale mapping and similar purposes. It discusses the role of the standard metric aerial survey camera and makes some proposals for the wider use of smaller format cameras. It also reviews the position with regard to other possible sources of imagery such as vidicon and solid state cameras.     

THE USE OF AIR PlIOTOGRApHS BY THE ORDNANCE SURVEY

Abstract

During the last year, the Air Survey Section, Field Division, Ordnance Survey, have had many visitors. Most of them have been surprised at what they have seen: some at the fact that we are able to make so much use of air photographs even in the largest scale surveys, and some at the small amount of information we seem able to extract from them. This paper is an attempt to give in some detail the ways in which air photographs are used to solve the problems of the Ordnance Survey, why they are used and their limitations for our purposes.     

THE COOLING OF THE EARTH BY CONVECTION AND SOME OF ITS CONSEQUENCES

Abstract

In this Review (24, 68, 1937) attention was drawn to the need, in considering isostasy, of recognizing the existence of two separate weak layers, i.e. layers in which material can flow horizontally. One of these is a deep layer under both oceans and continents, the other being a layer of plastic basalt, immediately under the continents only, in which mountain ranges and other local surface masses are compensated. That suggestion formed part of a wider theory which has been developed in recent articles in the Pan-American Geologist. A brief review of that theory may be of interest.     

《军官地图集》的设计特色

本文根据作者参与组织指导《军官地图集》设计与生产的体会,从设计思想、结构模式、内容选题、表示方法、整体协调和制印工艺等方面阐述《军官地图集》的设计特色,通过对这一典型作品的剖析,探讨地图集设计与生产的基本规律。     

最短路径的解法

本文介绍了一种道路网中两个节点之间最短路径的解法,具有一定的参考价值。     

试用主分量分析方法提取澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀变遥感信息

通过图像影像特征分析,并经地面调查证实,澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀变与围岩存在反射波谱特性差异,即在TM5(近红外)波段(1.55μm-1.75μm)蚀变岩呈高反射率。以此为依据,进行了提取与铜矿化蚀变相关的TM遥感信息的计算机图像处理技术方法研究。实践证明,该区主分量分析处理图像效果最佳。图像上显示的色调异常,通过与红土涧矿区地质勘查资料对比和根据兰坪地区图像上典型地物样区色调理论分析,评价了遥感异常的地质意义。由于图像预处理(几何校正、亮度拉伸、多元统计,最佳波段组合选择等)是针对澜沧江兰坪全区的特征进行的,故处理方法在全区内均有一定适用性。本文结合公式2、图4、表4、封二彩片5等实际材料较详细地介绍了有关提取铜矿化蚀变遥感色调异常信息的方法技术。