渔业资源调查采样设计优化研究进展

渔业资源调查是指利用一定的采样设计,对渔业种群进行空间布点采样,以获取研究区域内鱼类时空分布以及生物学和生态学信息。但是大量的研究表明,不同的鱼类分布适合不同的采样设计,需要根据鱼类的分布特点和调查目标(种群丰度等)优化采样设计,保证数据的准确性和精度。近年来,相关的研究有很多,涉及不同采样设计的比较和应用以及影响数据质量因素的探究。作者着重介绍了定点采样、传统方法、适应性方法和基于地理统计学方法,叙述了计算机模拟及重采样技术在采样设计优化中的应用以及相对偏差、相对估计误差、设计效果和变异系数等评价采样设计性能的指标,同时对采样设计中需要注意的问题进行介绍,最后进行了总结并对未来的研究工作进行展望。     

采样频次对渔业资源调查物种丰富度估计的影响

合理的调查采样设计可有效降低调查成本、获取高质量的调查数据.为深入理解采样频次对渔业生物物种丰富度估计的影响,本文基于2009-2010年胶州湾近岸水域逐月张网的渔业调查数据,采用计算机模拟重抽样方法,比较了简单随机抽样和两种分层随机抽样方案下不同采样频次在物种丰富度估计方面的表现.研究表明,三种采样方案下的物种丰富度...     

优化采样策略下长江口潮间带大型底栖生物物种丰富度的估算

在异质性潮间带湿地中通过野外采样估算大型底栖动物物种丰富度,面临的挑战是统计上精确性的要求与实际采样难度之间的矛盾。为了解决这个问题,本研究通过对采样策略整个过程的三个主要部分进行优化设计（优化采样方法、确定最少采样效力、探索最佳的采样间距）,以期在中国长江河口典型的潮间带湿地中获得一个优化、有效和实用的大型底栖动物采样策略。本研究选取了横断面采样方法,并根据典型栖息地类型（潮滩、潮沟、盐沼植被）进行分层优化采样,这种类型的采样也称为横断面分层抽样。最少采样效力和最佳的采样间距由两个数学方法确定：蒙特·卡洛模拟和物种累积曲线。结果表明,根据典型栖息地类型优化的横断面分层采样,在大为减少采样效力和劳动力的情况下,还能采集样地81%物种,优化效果明显。同时,还分别确定了三类栖息地的最佳采样间隔和最小采样效力：在盐沼植被中,采样效力需要超过1.8 m2,最佳采样间隔为10 m;在潮滩中,最小采样效力2 m2,最佳采样间隔为10 m;在潮沟中,采样效力为3 m2,间隔为1 m。不同栖息地类型之间最小采样效力和最佳采样间隔的差异可能受到优势物种的迁移范围和栖息地的物理差异（例如潮汐水文、底泥、植被覆盖）的影响。本研究所采用的优化采样策略在平衡采样效力的情况下,为大型底栖动物丰富度估算提供良好的精度。此外,在河口湿地进行大型底栖动物调查之时,本研究的结论能提供采样策略参考。本研究所采用的采样策略设计注重采样的三个关键部分,具有良好的采样效果,可作为栖息地管理或生态系统评估的野外实地采样指南。     

Performance evaluation of fixed-station sampling design for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives

Fixed-station sampling design was widely used in fishery-independent surveys because of its characteristics of convenient sampling station setting, but the non-probabilistic(fixed) nature made it more uncertainty of drawing inferences on population. The performance of fixed-station sampling design for multispecies survey has not been evaluated, and we are uncertain if the design could detect the temporal trends of different populations in multispecies fishery-independent survey. In this study, s...     

On an improvement of a nonlinear iterative scheme for nonlinear wave profile prediction

The authors of the present paper present an iterative scheme to calculate the nonlinear wave profiles [Jang, T.S., Kwon, S.H., 2005. Application of nonlinear iteration scheme to the nonlinear water wave problem: Stokian wave. Ocean Engineering, in press]. The nonlinear operator was constructed from the dynamic boundary condition of the free surface. The initial input of the iterative process was linear potential. The linear dispersion relation was utilized. The authors of the present paper suggest an improved scheme in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence by utilizing the nonlinear dispersion relation. The existence and uniqueness of the improved scheme are illustrated in this paper. The calculation results together with Fast Fourier transform revealed that the improved scheme made it possible to predict higher-order nonlinear characteristics of the Stokes’ wave.     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional sloshing phenomena using a finite difference method with marker-density scheme

In the present study, three-dimensional sloshing phenomena occurring in liquid cargo tanks are numerically simulated. The Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation are used for the governing equations, and solved with a finite difference method in a rectangular fixed staggered mesh system. The positions of free surface are defined by the Marker density method satisfying the free-surface boundary conditions, and the flows of the gas and liquid regions are simulated simultaneously. The irregular leg length and star method is employed on the cells near the free surface for the computations of pressure. The computation results are compared with other experimental results to verify the consistency of the present numerical method, and the agreements are reasonably good. Furthermore, the flow characteristics inside a partially filled liquid tank of a real sized ship oscillating regularly and irregularly are computed to verify the possibility of practical application of the present method.