遥感影像与GIS分析相结合的变化检测方法

提出了基于遥感图像和GIS相结合的变化检测和分析方法,并针对基于像素信息比较的遥感图像变化检测中的变化阈值问题提出了一种基于多边形面积填充率的自适应确定方法。     

Identification of Artificial Recharge Sites for Noyyal River Basin Using GIS and Remote Sensing

The water is a nature’s valuable gift to all life forms. Water quality and quantity plays a major role for the growth and development of community. Both natural and human factors influence the quality and quantity of water source. Depending upon the quality and quantity of groundwater it can be used for various purposes, such as drinking, agricultural and industrial. Due to revolution in industries and various anthropogenic sources in the past decades, groundwater has been polluted and depleted. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has become one of the leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. GIS technology provides suitable alternatives for efficient management of large and complex databases. In recent years, the increasing use of satellite remote sensing data has made it easier to define the spatial distribution of different groundwater prospect classes on the basis of geomorphology and other associated parameters. Analysis of remotely sensed data along with Survey of India(SOI) topographical sheets and collateral information with necessary field checks helps in generating the base line information for artificial recharge. The artificial recharge sites were identified by integrating thematic maps of geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density and lineament density of the study area. The study focuses on the development of remote sensing and GIS based analysis and methodology for identifying artificial recharge studies in Noyyal river basin.     

发展中国遥感与地理信息系统的战略

当我们走向世界时 ,迎面扑来的高新科技 :遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、信息高速公路、可持续发展、知识经济、数字地球等一浪一浪接踵而来 ,使得我们应接不暇。大多数科技人员都在考虑追踪国际前沿 ,而对于我国的国情了解不足。在急于求成的心态下 ,重视了应用 ,忽视了基础研究与基础建设 ,缺乏自己的创造性。本文就遥感信息源、遥测基础建设、定位系统、地理信息系统软件、网络基础建设、数据源建设、科学研究方法、人才培养等方面提出系统的建设设想。     

制图与建库数据一体化更新技术研究

要实现图库数据同步快速更新,必须有相应的理论基础、技术基础和数据基础支撑,建立一套科学的技术体系,使2种成果数据之间存在关联关系,存储在一个数据库中。通过分析目前建库和制图数据生产和管理的现状,提出图库数据一体化更新的支撑基础,并以MapStore图库数据一体化生产软件为例,提出图库数据一体化更新的技术流程,同时阐述利用MapStore软件进行图库数据一体化更新生产过程中的几个关键技术。     

Modeling Urban Growth Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study models the spatial variations of urban growth patterns with a logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Through a case study of Springfield, Missouri, the research employs both global and local logistic regression to model the probability of urban land expansion against a set of spatial and socioeconomic variables. The logistic GWR model significantly improves the global logistic regression model in three ways: (1) the local model has higher PCP (percentage correctly predicted) than the global model; (2) the local model has a smaller residual than the global model; and (3) residuals of the local model have less spatial dependence. More importantly, the local estimates of parameters enable us to investigate spatial variations in the influences of driving factors on urban growth. Based on parameter estimates of logistic GWR and using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method, we generate a set of parameter surfaces to reveal the spatial variations of urban land expansion. The geographically weighted local analysis correctly reveals that urban growth in Springfield, Missouri is more a result of infrastructure construction, and an urban sprawl trend is observed from 1992 to 2005.     

基于GF-1遥感数据的城市水体信息提取方法研究

水体信息的高精度提取是水资源监测、调查与管理等研究领域的关键问题。本文选取国产GF-1卫星影像作为数据源,根据影像中典型地物光谱特征采用归一化水体指数法(NDWI)、多波段谱间关系法对研究区进行了水体提取,并通过结果分析提出了基于主成分分析与多尺度分割技术的综合水体信息提取方法。对以上4种方法进行对比分析,验证结果表明:归一化水体指数法易受阴影信息影响;改进的多波段谱间关系法能较为完整地提取水体信息,但受小范围阴影信息影响;主成分分析综合法总体精度较高;多尺度分割提取法能有效地分离水体信息与非水体信息,水体信息提取的效果最佳。     

多源遥感数据融合技术研究

首先应用遥感图像处理软件对台湾的福卫全色图像进行增强处理,然后对SPOT5多光谱图像进行自然色彩变换,使其具有较好的色彩表现力,最后两种处理数据经过配准、融合.     

遥感图像数据复合方法

遥感图像数据复合是将多种遥感图像数据融合成一种新的图像数据的技术 ,是目前遥感应用分析的前沿 ,它主要包括几何配准和彩色变换两个方面的内容。几何配准采用相对配准和绝对配准两种方法 ;彩色变换采用 RGB彩色系统和 IHS彩色系统之间的变换。对SPOT和 TM图像数据进行复合实验 ,获得了一种新的复合图像。     

Mass Balance Estimation of Dokriani Glacier in Central Indian Himalaya Using Remote Sensing Data

Dokriani Glacier is regarded as one of the important glaciers of Bhagirathi River basin, which fed river Ganges. The length of the glacier is about 4.6 km, and snout elevation is about 4028 m m.s.l. The mass balance of this glacier was calculated using field-based measurements for few years during 1994 to 2000. However, due to remote and poor accessibility, the field-based measurements could not continue; thus, remote sensing-based methods become useful tool to estimate the long-term mass balance of the glacier. In this study, glacier mass balance has been determined using accumulation area ratio (AAR) method. Remote sensing data sets, e.g. Landsat TM, ETM?+?and OLI, have been used to estimate AAR for different years from 1994 to 2014. An attempt has also been made to develop a mathematical relationship between remote sensing-derived AAR and field-observed mass balance data of the glacier. Further, this relationship has been used to estimate mass balance of the glacier for different years using remote sensing-derived AAR. Estimated mass balance was validated from ground-observed mass balance for few years. The field-observed and remote sensing-derived mass balance data are compared and showed high correlation. It has been observed that AAR for the Dokriani Glacier varies from 0.64 to 0.71. Mass balance of the glacier was observed between ??15.54 cm and ??50.95 cm during the study period. The study highlights the application of remote sensing in mass balance study of the glaciers and impact of climate change in glaciers of Central Indian Himalaya.     

Integrating GIS and Data Visualization Tools for Distributed Hydrologic Modeling

Distributed hydrologic models are an integral component of spatial decision support systems for watershed management. At these basin (and larger) scales, a common problem in hydrology and other environmental sciences arises from the need to cope with the increasingly sophisticated models and software tools that are used in the management, processing, and analysis of large volumes of data collected from advanced in situ and remote monitoring instruments. The diversity of these tools, and the need for experts and non-experts alike to be able to easily use them, suggests a non-trivial integration problem of building customized systems from disparate (and in many cases proprietary) components. In this paper we address the systems integration problem within the context of a study of surface-subsurface-atmosphere interactions involving soil moisture remote sensing and hydrologic simulation. The simple early steps that were taken highlight the role of the different components and tools in the integration effort. An alternative approach is presented for creating an integrated system, based on a data flow model with the modular components linked within a flexible framework. An example is developed based on established systems integration techniques from the field of computer aided design.     

Agricultural Area Diversification and Crop Water Demand Analysis: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

Large scale adoption of input intensive rice–wheat cropping system in the centrally located Jalandhar district of Indian Punjab has led to over-exploitation of ground water resources, intensive use of chemical fertilizers and deterioration of soil health. To overcome these shortfalls, in the present study, agricultural area diversification plan has been generated from agricultural area and crop rotation maps derived from remote sensing data (IRS P6-AWiFS and RADARSAT ScanSAR) along with few agro-physical parameters in GIS environment. Cropping system indices (area diversity, multiple cropping and cultivated land utilization) were also worked out from remote sensing data .Analysis of remote sensing data (2004–05) revealed that rice and wheat individually remained the dominant crops, occupy 57.8% and 64.9% of total agricultural area (TAA), respectively. Therefore, in the diversified plan, it is suggested that at least 39% of the current 40% TAA under rice–wheat rotation should be replaced by other low water requiring, high value and soil enriching crops, particularly in coarse textured alluvial plain having good quality ground water zones with low annual rainfall(<700 mm). This will reduce water requirement to the tune of 15,660 cm depth while stabilizing the production and profitability by crop area diversification without further degradation of natural resources.     

一种基于动态规划的遥感影像与GIS矢量数据匹配方法

针对遥感影像与GIS数据的匹配,提出了一种基于动态规划的结点匹配、线段匹配再到折线匹配逐级优化的全局一致性匹配方法.该方法首先利用遥感影像的概略方位参数实现预处理后的GIS数据与遥感影像概略叠加;接着进行遥感影像特征自动提取;然后以局部匹配优选的待匹配结点和待匹配线段为前提,利用动态规划的匹配方法,进行折线整体匹配;最后进行匹配结果的优化.实验证明该匹配方法速度快、可靠性高.     

基于海色遥感应用的MODIS数据预处理

较系统地介绍了从MODIS原始分发数据到海洋水色遥感反射率、离水辐射率等数据产品的产出过程;分析了各步骤原理,尤其针对标准大气校正算法无法计算出近岸二类水体离水辐射率问题提出邻近清洁水体外推混浊水体的思路;探索并改进了大气校正算法,计算出大部分近岸水体的离水辐射率数据。     

基于遥感和GIS的洪水坝河流域冰川变化研究

以洪水坝河流域为例,利用1956年的地形图和2003年的ASTER遥感影像及数字高程模型,在GIS的支持下对两期数据进行统计分析,结果表明:近47年来,洪水坝河流域冰川面积减少了14.04%,长度退缩了17.28%,储量减少了2.26%。研究认为,气温显著升高是洪水坝河流域冰川快速萎缩的主要原因。在和祁连山地区、西藏以及天山地区的冰川进行对比后,发现研究区冰川消融的速率介于三地之间,初步推测是由研究区所在区域的气候和自身属性共同作用的结果。     

基于MODIS遥感数据的水体提取算法研究

针对MODIS遥感数据采用多波段普间关系算法提取水体容易与阴影混淆,产生提取不精确的问题。作者将对多波段普间关系水体提取算法进行研究,并以鄱阳湖为实验对象,使用改进后的多波段普间关系算法对水体进行提取。实现提升水体提取精度的目标。     

基于多源遥感数据的水体信息提取研究

卫星遥感技术已被广泛应用到水体信息提取中,但目前基于遥感技术的水体信息提取多采用单一的遥感数据源,而没有充分利用多源数据的信息复合优势,因此,提取结果经常受天气气候或空间分辨率限制。本文研究了不同尺度、不同平台的多种遥感数据源的水体信息提取方法。首先,基于波谱间关系决策树分类算法对Landsat ETM+图像进行水体提取,利用其分辨率优势较准确地提取出水体范围;其次,在Radarsat SAR图像上利用阈值法粗提取水体信息后,结合DEM剔除阴影得到水体信息;最后,利用灾前Landsat ETM+图像水体信息提取结果和灾中Radarsat SAR图像水体信息提取结果,进行差值处理,得到洪水淹没范围。研究结果可以为洪水灾害监测与评估提供信息依据。     

高山冰川遥感提取方法研究

遥感的应用使得对冰川大尺度全覆盖、多时相变化的监测成为可能,然而冰川信息遥感提取方法的误差大等难题成为影响冰川监测的障碍。本文综合分析比较了目前已有的多种冰川提取方法的有效性,得出提取冰川范围精度最高的是面向对象的目视判读方法,其次是最大似然法监督分类、面向对象的自动分类、比值阈值法、雪盖指数法等。各自动方法提取冰川面积均有较大误差,且误差主要出现在冰舌末端、阴影区、薄冰区和云层遮盖范围等区域。本文将面向对象的目视判读法应用于冰川提取中,在保证信息提取精度的同时提高了传统解译的效率。     

GIS专业测绘遥感课程群建设与实践

针对GIS专业测绘遥感类课程教学中存在的问题,提出建立测绘遥感课程群的解决方案及监督保障措施,从而推动GIS专业测绘遥感类课程的全面优化与整合,从整体上提升教学质量。