遥感影像与GIS分析相结合的变化检测方法

提出了基于遥感图像和GIS相结合的变化检测和分析方法,并针对基于像素信息比较的遥感图像变化检测中的变化阈值问题提出了一种基于多边形面积填充率的自适应确定方法。     

遥感与地理信息系统数据的信息量及不确定性

讨论了遥感、GIS数据的不确定性与信息论中的不确定性间的联系,导出了GIS图形数据与遥感影像数据的信息量估算式,提出了位置疑义度和属性疑义度等概念。在统一的数学基础上,估算几何位置误差和属性正确率不足引起的不确定性,从而建立起遥感影像与GIS图形数据的信息量及不确定性的统一量度。     

Identification of Artificial Recharge Sites for Noyyal River Basin Using GIS and Remote Sensing

The water is a nature’s valuable gift to all life forms. Water quality and quantity plays a major role for the growth and development of community. Both natural and human factors influence the quality and quantity of water source. Depending upon the quality and quantity of groundwater it can be used for various purposes, such as drinking, agricultural and industrial. Due to revolution in industries and various anthropogenic sources in the past decades, groundwater has been polluted and depleted. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has become one of the leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. GIS technology provides suitable alternatives for efficient management of large and complex databases. In recent years, the increasing use of satellite remote sensing data has made it easier to define the spatial distribution of different groundwater prospect classes on the basis of geomorphology and other associated parameters. Analysis of remotely sensed data along with Survey of India(SOI) topographical sheets and collateral information with necessary field checks helps in generating the base line information for artificial recharge. The artificial recharge sites were identified by integrating thematic maps of geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density and lineament density of the study area. The study focuses on the development of remote sensing and GIS based analysis and methodology for identifying artificial recharge studies in Noyyal river basin.     

发展中国遥感与地理信息系统的战略

当我们走向世界时 ,迎面扑来的高新科技 :遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、信息高速公路、可持续发展、知识经济、数字地球等一浪一浪接踵而来 ,使得我们应接不暇。大多数科技人员都在考虑追踪国际前沿 ,而对于我国的国情了解不足。在急于求成的心态下 ,重视了应用 ,忽视了基础研究与基础建设 ,缺乏自己的创造性。本文就遥感信息源、遥测基础建设、定位系统、地理信息系统软件、网络基础建设、数据源建设、科学研究方法、人才培养等方面提出系统的建设设想。     

制图与建库数据一体化更新技术研究

要实现图库数据同步快速更新,必须有相应的理论基础、技术基础和数据基础支撑,建立一套科学的技术体系,使2种成果数据之间存在关联关系,存储在一个数据库中。通过分析目前建库和制图数据生产和管理的现状,提出图库数据一体化更新的支撑基础,并以MapStore图库数据一体化生产软件为例,提出图库数据一体化更新的技术流程,同时阐述利用MapStore软件进行图库数据一体化更新生产过程中的几个关键技术。     

GIS辅助数据下的影像缺失信息恢复

针对遥感影像上的“缺失”区域现象,阐明了数字图像修复技术的原理和方法,分析了遥感影像缺失区域恢复的特点和难点,并提出了基于GIS辅助信息的缺失数据恢复思想,提高了图像修复的质量。     

成像光谱数据在城市遥感中的应用研究

采用高空间分辨率的航片与高光谱数据对城市进行遥感研究。利用高空间分辨率数据丰富的空间信息,以及高光谱分辨率数据丰富的光谱信息,提出了基于图像边缘检测和光谱分析的新型高光谱遥感图像分类方法,对城市地物覆盖以图斑为单位进行分类。从而证明对复杂的城市环境进行遥感研究,这种方法是有效的。     

一种基于面特征的遥感影像与GIS数据配准方法

遥感图像与GIS数据的配准是遥感应用、遥感与GIS集成的基础和关键.目前的方式大多是通过人工选取一点数量的控制点,通过几何纠正模型把遥感图像纳入到GIS坐标系统中,同时改正遥感图像的几何畸变.随着遥感技术的发展,传统人工作业方法无论是从效率还是从质量上都无法满足日益增长的应用需求,因此需要研究实用化的遥感影像与GIS数据的自动配准方法.本文从实用化的角度出发,在分析特征匹配理论的基础上,提出了一种基于面状地物多边形特征的遥感影像与GIS数据自动配准方法.该方法不同于一般的特征匹配方法之处在于特征提取与特征匹配同步解求.本文对新方法的理论进行了详细论述,最后对上海浦东地区的QUICKBIRD影像和1：2000 GIS数据进行了配准实验,对比传统方法计算结果,新方法具有明显优势.     

遥感数据的遗传-超平面分割算法

在传统的采用超平面作为判别边界的分割方法中，使用统计学的方法确定类判别界面，当区域间的统计值大于区域内的统计值时，就会出现类判决界面难于确定的问题。遗传算法的特点是进行全局优化搜索，利用这种算法优势可以解决传统算法难以解决的超平面空间定位问题，从而解决类判决界面的确定问题。通过EOS／MODIS图像数据的分割对该方法作了详细的介绍，其分类精度明显高于统计学分类方法。     

Modeling Urban Growth Using GIS and Remote Sensing

Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study models the spatial variations of urban growth patterns with a logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Through a case study of Springfield, Missouri, the research employs both global and local logistic regression to model the probability of urban land expansion against a set of spatial and socioeconomic variables. The logistic GWR model significantly improves the global logistic regression model in three ways: (1) the local model has higher PCP (percentage correctly predicted) than the global model; (2) the local model has a smaller residual than the global model; and (3) residuals of the local model have less spatial dependence. More importantly, the local estimates of parameters enable us to investigate spatial variations in the influences of driving factors on urban growth. Based on parameter estimates of logistic GWR and using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method, we generate a set of parameter surfaces to reveal the spatial variations of urban land expansion. The geographically weighted local analysis correctly reveals that urban growth in Springfield, Missouri is more a result of infrastructure construction, and an urban sprawl trend is observed from 1992 to 2005.     

遥感图像数据复合方法

遥感图像数据复合是将多种遥感图像数据融合成一种新的图像数据的技术 ,是目前遥感应用分析的前沿 ,它主要包括几何配准和彩色变换两个方面的内容。几何配准采用相对配准和绝对配准两种方法 ;彩色变换采用 RGB彩色系统和 IHS彩色系统之间的变换。对SPOT和 TM图像数据进行复合实验 ,获得了一种新的复合图像。     

基于GF-1遥感数据的城市水体信息提取方法研究

水体信息的高精度提取是水资源监测、调查与管理等研究领域的关键问题。本文选取国产GF-1卫星影像作为数据源,根据影像中典型地物光谱特征采用归一化水体指数法(NDWI)、多波段谱间关系法对研究区进行了水体提取,并通过结果分析提出了基于主成分分析与多尺度分割技术的综合水体信息提取方法。对以上4种方法进行对比分析,验证结果表明:归一化水体指数法易受阴影信息影响;改进的多波段谱间关系法能较为完整地提取水体信息,但受小范围阴影信息影响;主成分分析综合法总体精度较高;多尺度分割提取法能有效地分离水体信息与非水体信息,水体信息提取的效果最佳。     

Mass Balance Estimation of Dokriani Glacier in Central Indian Himalaya Using Remote Sensing Data

Dokriani Glacier is regarded as one of the important glaciers of Bhagirathi River basin, which fed river Ganges. The length of the glacier is about 4.6 km, and snout elevation is about 4028 m m.s.l. The mass balance of this glacier was calculated using field-based measurements for few years during 1994 to 2000. However, due to remote and poor accessibility, the field-based measurements could not continue; thus, remote sensing-based methods become useful tool to estimate the long-term mass balance of the glacier. In this study, glacier mass balance has been determined using accumulation area ratio (AAR) method. Remote sensing data sets, e.g. Landsat TM, ETM?+?and OLI, have been used to estimate AAR for different years from 1994 to 2014. An attempt has also been made to develop a mathematical relationship between remote sensing-derived AAR and field-observed mass balance data of the glacier. Further, this relationship has been used to estimate mass balance of the glacier for different years using remote sensing-derived AAR. Estimated mass balance was validated from ground-observed mass balance for few years. The field-observed and remote sensing-derived mass balance data are compared and showed high correlation. It has been observed that AAR for the Dokriani Glacier varies from 0.64 to 0.71. Mass balance of the glacier was observed between ??15.54 cm and ??50.95 cm during the study period. The study highlights the application of remote sensing in mass balance study of the glaciers and impact of climate change in glaciers of Central Indian Himalaya.     

Agricultural Area Diversification and Crop Water Demand Analysis: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

Large scale adoption of input intensive rice–wheat cropping system in the centrally located Jalandhar district of Indian Punjab has led to over-exploitation of ground water resources, intensive use of chemical fertilizers and deterioration of soil health. To overcome these shortfalls, in the present study, agricultural area diversification plan has been generated from agricultural area and crop rotation maps derived from remote sensing data (IRS P6-AWiFS and RADARSAT ScanSAR) along with few agro-physical parameters in GIS environment. Cropping system indices (area diversity, multiple cropping and cultivated land utilization) were also worked out from remote sensing data .Analysis of remote sensing data (2004–05) revealed that rice and wheat individually remained the dominant crops, occupy 57.8% and 64.9% of total agricultural area (TAA), respectively. Therefore, in the diversified plan, it is suggested that at least 39% of the current 40% TAA under rice–wheat rotation should be replaced by other low water requiring, high value and soil enriching crops, particularly in coarse textured alluvial plain having good quality ground water zones with low annual rainfall(<700 mm). This will reduce water requirement to the tune of 15,660 cm depth while stabilizing the production and profitability by crop area diversification without further degradation of natural resources.     

Integrating GIS and Data Visualization Tools for Distributed Hydrologic Modeling

Distributed hydrologic models are an integral component of spatial decision support systems for watershed management. At these basin (and larger) scales, a common problem in hydrology and other environmental sciences arises from the need to cope with the increasingly sophisticated models and software tools that are used in the management, processing, and analysis of large volumes of data collected from advanced in situ and remote monitoring instruments. The diversity of these tools, and the need for experts and non-experts alike to be able to easily use them, suggests a non-trivial integration problem of building customized systems from disparate (and in many cases proprietary) components. In this paper we address the systems integration problem within the context of a study of surface-subsurface-atmosphere interactions involving soil moisture remote sensing and hydrologic simulation. The simple early steps that were taken highlight the role of the different components and tools in the integration effort. An alternative approach is presented for creating an integrated system, based on a data flow model with the modular components linked within a flexible framework. An example is developed based on established systems integration techniques from the field of computer aided design.     

多源遥感数据融合技术研究

首先应用遥感图像处理软件对台湾的福卫全色图像进行增强处理,然后对SPOT5多光谱图像进行自然色彩变换,使其具有较好的色彩表现力,最后两种处理数据经过配准、融合.     

基于遥感估产和农业统计的粮食供需平衡模型研究

提出了适用于年内动态平衡的中国粮食供需平衡模型 ,利用遥感估产数据和统计数据 ,对中国世纪之交的粮食供需平衡的现状进行研究。结果表明文中的模型是合理可行的 ,同时通过比较基于遥感估算产量和基于统计产量计算的粮食供需平衡状况结果 ,表明遥感估产信息可以有效提高粮食供需平衡分析的可靠性和时效性 ,遥感估产应作为中国区域粮食供需平衡监测的重要信息源纳入国家粮食宏观管理的日常工作。通过对中国 1999— 2 0 0 2年粮食供需状况的计算分析 ,认为世纪之交中国年内粮食的供需大致平衡 ,但因为 2 0世纪末政府和农户存粮数量较高 ,近 3年来农户库存持续下降 ,造成粮食市场供大于求的局面。因此 ,对于中国粮食的供需平衡面临的问题决不能掉以轻心。     

一种基于动态规划的遥感影像与GIS矢量数据匹配方法

针对遥感影像与GIS数据的匹配,提出了一种基于动态规划的结点匹配、线段匹配再到折线匹配逐级优化的全局一致性匹配方法.该方法首先利用遥感影像的概略方位参数实现预处理后的GIS数据与遥感影像概略叠加;接着进行遥感影像特征自动提取;然后以局部匹配优选的待匹配结点和待匹配线段为前提,利用动态规划的匹配方法,进行折线整体匹配;最后进行匹配结果的优化.实验证明该匹配方法速度快、可靠性高.