副蝎蛉科化石（昆虫纲长翅目）在中国首次发现

报道了华夏三叠副蝎蛉Triasoparachorista huaxiaensis gen. et sp nov. (T2t)、吐孜沟准噶尔蝎蛉Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong. nom. nov. (J1b) 和1个新转移属——冀北直脉蝎蛉属Jibeiorthophlebia Hoing, 1983 (transl. nov.) (J2)及其2个种J. xiaofangzhangziensis Hong,1983 (transl. nov.)、J. internata Hong,1983 (transl. nov.) 在中国首次发现。根据它们的脉序特征,在分类上应当归于Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937。这个科既具有二叠蝎蛉科(Permochoristidae) MP 带6支脉的特征,又有直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae) Rs1至少带3支脉呈扇形排列的特征, 形成二叠蝎蛉科和直脉蝎蛉科之间的一种独特的过渡特征的中间类群,这个类群对它们之间的演变关系的研究有重要意义。副蝎蛉科化石在中国的发现很有意义：①填补了中国中三叠世、早侏罗世、中侏罗世副蝎蛉科的空白;②可以帮助我们追溯副蝎蛉科、直脉蝎蛉科和二叠蝎蛉科之间在不同地质背景中的演变关系;③关于中侏罗世燕辽生物群及其有关问题,笔者曾先后指出,燕辽生物群(Yanliao Biota)（J2）和热河生物群（K1）均起源于华北古陆（North China Paleocontinent）,燕辽地区（覆盖了新增加的内蒙古宁城地区）是它们的起源中心,尔后向外扩散与迁移,并向北覆盖到蒙古东部、俄罗斯外贝加尔等地区,形成东亚古陆（Eastern Asian Paleocontinent）中一个广阔的燕辽生物群和热河生物群的区系;④讨论了宁城地区地层层位的归属问题。     

蚊蝎蛉科化石在我国的首次发现

本文记述的长翅目蚊蝎蛉科(Bittacidae)昆虫化石在我国是首次发现,采自辽宁省北票市中侏罗统海房沟组。由于特征独特,建立了一个新属——辽蚊蝎蛉属(Liaobittacus gen. nov.),并讨论了蚊蝎蛉类的演化关系与迁移问题。     

直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae)新分类

根据已知世界上不同层位和地质时代产出的直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae)分类的根据,本文进行了系统整理和总结,提出新的分类方案,即保留该科下的2个属直脉蝎蛉属(Orthophlebia)和原直脉蝎蛉属(Protorthophlebia),取消中蝎蛉属(Mesopanorpa);中蝎蛉属被取消后,Rs1至少带3支支脉的种,归入直脉蝎蛉属,Rs1仅带2支支脉的种,归入原直脉蝎蛉属;Rs1 2的共柄2倍长于Rs3 4的特征,本文不将其作为属和亚属的分类根据,具有该特征的种归入Rs1 2共柄长于Rs3 4的亚属。将Rs1 2分支早于、迟于或等于Rs3 4的特征作为亚属的分类根据,在直脉蝎蛉属和原直脉蝎蛉属下各自新建3个亚属。     

原长翅蝎蛉亚目化石在中国陕西铜川地区首次发现

记述了原长翅亚目化石（Protomecoptera Tillyard,1917）在中国陕西铜川中三叠统中的首次发现,填补这个亚目化石在中国的空白.根据脉序特征,确定是2个新属、种：Glytochorista martynovae gen.et sp.,Phyllochorista orientis gen.et sp.nov.,属这个亚目的汤姆蝎蛉科Tomichoristidae O.Martynova,1958,从而将这个科的化石推向最高层位,即从早二叠世推向中三叠世,跨时5000多万年.从这个意义来讲,对研究该科从古生代晚期向中生代早期的演化有一定的重要参考价值.化石采自铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩.新属、新种属于陕西昆虫群（系中三叠世陕西动物群或陕西生物群的一个化石门类）铜川昆虫组合的新成员,时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期（Ladinian stage）.     

内蒙古上侏罗统道虎沟组中的丽蛉昆虫化石

本文建立了道虎沟组中再次发现的丽蛉科1新属种,命名为Sinokalligramma in jurassicum gen.et sp.nov.;讨论了丽     

新疆昆其布拉克地区床板珊瑚、日射珊瑚新资料

描述了由施恩全等于1987年采自新疆且末县昆其布拉克地区上奥陶统孔其布拉克组中上部的晚奥陶世床板珊瑚，日射珊瑚化石，计有8属，13种（其中新种6个）：AgetolitesaltunensisWang，A．KingqiensisWang（Sp．nov．），Cateniporaaqiangensiswang（sp．nov．），Taeniolitescf．zhejiangensisLinetChow，Proheliolitessp．,Priporacf．multispinosaLinetChow，PlasmoporellaqiemoensisWang（sp．nov．），Pl．altunensiWang（sp．nov．），Pl．of．columellaBondarenko，Pl．com-plexawang（sp．nov），Pl．sp，Sibiriolitescf．sibiricusmongolicusBond.etMin.,Diploeporaaltune-sisWnagsp．nov。笔者将其归入Agetolites—Plasmoporella组合。这些化石首次被发现，对于研究阿尔金山地区上奥陶统生物群和地层对比具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

山东莱阳盆地早白垩世龙草蛉新属（昆虫纲:脉翅目）

本文记述山东莱阳盆地早白垩世莱阳组（K₁l³）草蛉科的一个新属——龙草蛉属（Drakochrysa gen.nov.）。新属以其脉序特色而区别于相近的幻草蛉属（Nothochrysa）,并修改了中草蛉属中一个种归入本新属。同时对草蛉科各个亚科的地史分布及新属的分类位置作了讨论。     

中国南方泥盆系的颗石藻

本文鉴定和描述了中国南方泥盆系的颗石藻化石,计有两个新属,八个新种和一个未定种。其中中华甲球藻属(新属)(Sinothoracosphaera gen.nov.)包括盘桃中华甲球藻(新种)(S.placenta sp.nov.)和异孔中华甲球藻(新种)(S.heteromorphicpororata sp.nov.);始驳船球石属(新属)(Eopontosphaera gen.nov.)只一个新种,即背篓形始驳船石(新种)(E.basketa sp.nov.)其它五个新属是瘤刺篮石(新种)(Scyphosphaera verruca-cras-sispina sp.nov)、小卷螺海石颗石藻(新种)(Helicopontosphaera snaila sp.nov.)、口盖无缘帽形石(新种)(Calyptrolithus operculum sp.nov.)、口孔棒球藻(新种)(Rhabdosphaerabucca-pororata sp.nov.)、柿子颗石藻(新种)(Coccolithus persimmonus sp.nov.)。一个未定种是篮石未定种(Scyphosphaera sp.)。这些化石均是在深水断槽相中发现的。     

藏北申扎地区奥陶纪鹦鹉螺类一新属（Variabioceras）

文中材料是采自西藏申扎县塔尔玛乡桥东—扎扛一带鹦鹉螺化石的一部分。描述了3属6种。其中有1个新属Variabioceras gen.nov．和3个新种V．typicum gen．etsp．nov．，V．zangbeiense gen．et sp．nov．，V．robustum gen．et sp．nov．     

楚雄苍岭恐龙足印初步研究

本文对在云南省楚雄地区苍岭镇元吉屯村之西所发现的晚白垩世时代的510余个恐龙足印进行了遗迹学的分类与描述，建立了2个新属3个新种：蜥脚形亚目(Suborder Sauropoda)。楚雄足迹属(新属)(Chuxiongpus ichnogen．nov．)苍岭楚雄足印(新属新种)Chuxiongpus Changlingensi sp．nov，甄氏楚雄足印(新属新种)：Chuxiongpus Zheni sp．nov．云南足迹属(新属)(Yunnanpus inhnogen．nov．)黄草云南足印(新属新种)：Yunnanpus Huangcaoensisp．nov．     

祁连山纳缪尔期昆虫化石（透翅目）

迄今得到世界公认的、证据确凿的有翅亚纲昆虫化石发现于晚石炭世纳缪尔期(Namurian stage).在这个时期爆发出大量且多样性的昆虫群,形成地史中第1个繁盛期.在这种地质背景下,中国祁连山地区也爆发出迄今第1个最古老的昆虫群,命名为祁连山昆虫群(Qilianshan Entomofauna)(属祁连山动物群,也是祁连山生物群中的一个门类).中国祁连山昆虫群发现于宁夏中卫县晚石炭世纳缪尔期中-薄层黑色页岩、炭质页岩之中.中卫县地处宁夏中部,(中)卫(中)宁平原的西侧.化石产于中卫县城西南20km处的下河沿村,北邻黄河,南依香山,地理坐标为东经105°05′、北纬37°25′,行政区划隶属于中卫县常乐镇.中国祁连山纳缪尔期昆虫的发现与研究,使笔者有机会对这一时期昆虫群的面貌、性质和演化关系,以及产地和层位的分布有了较全面的认识.本区昆虫既有全球纳缪尔期昆虫面貌的一般色彩,又有本区昆虫独特之处,不但有别于欧美的纳缪尔期昆虫,也与中国晚石炭世本溪组和二叠纪山西组、石盒子组昆虫面貌迥然不同.经过详细研究,确立了中国祁连山纳缪尔期的昆虫群--祁连山昆虫群,以宁夏中国纳缪尔翅蛉-石炭祁连山翅蛉-下河沿拟原襀翅蛉(Sinonamuropteris ningxiaensis-Qilian-shanopteris carbonica-Protoplecopsis xiaheyanensis)为代表,反映本区昆虫的特色.自1990年在宁夏中卫县常乐镇采集到纳缪尔期昆虫化石之后又连续进行了7年的采集,至21世纪初,笔者等又深入该地区再次进行采集,前后历经9年的化石采集工作,采获论文摘要曾在1995年第18届国际太平洋了大量且部分保存完好的标本,是昆虫分类与演化系统研究不可多得的新材料.阶段性科学大会古昆虫学分会上宣读,并于1998年建立了祁连山昆虫群,正式向世人公布了这一重要昆虫群的发现,其意义如下.(1)开拓了中国纳缪尔期昆虫的研究领域,从而填补了中国这个时代昆虫的空白.(2)开辟了中国早期昆虫的研究,逐步将中国中生代昆虫的研究,尤其是中三叠世昆虫的研究,向古生代晚期石炭纪-二叠纪昆虫延伸,加深了对古生代晚期至中生代早期这一最关键时期古翅类、新翅类昆虫的死与生、老与新的演替发展过程和不同类群特色的了解、认识,进而有助于探索昆虫的系统演化关系.(3)有翅昆虫翅的发生与发展是国际上2个多世纪以来未完全解决的重大问题之一.由于有翅昆虫在纳缪尔期首次爆发出大量多样性的类群,形成第1个繁盛期,基本上奠定了古生代晚期各个绝灭目和衍生目的基础.以祁连山昆虫群的标本为基础,展开以分类学、系统发育为核心的研究,必将有利于对有翅昆虫翅的发生与发展的探讨和研究.(4)从古昆虫区系来看,祁连山昆虫群不但是中国,也是东亚地史上出现的第1个昆虫群.这个昆虫群由于自身的独特性质而形成自身的区系,在古昆虫区系划分上占有一定的重要位置.(5)从地层划分、对比和时代确定来看,由于祁连山昆虫群各类群的独特性,均为本区特有的昆虫,层位清楚,时代确切,为地层划分、对比和地质时代的确定提供了可靠的根据.(6)祁连山昆虫群是在海陆交互相沉积环境中形成的,它的发现拓宽了寻找昆虫化石的新领域.过去通常在纯陆相的湖泊相、沼泽相和河湖相沉积层中寻找昆虫化石,祁连山昆虫群的发现表明,不但在陆相地层中可以找到昆虫化石,在海陆交互相沉积地层中也可以找到昆虫等陆生动物化石.在实践中可以了解到,海陆交互地区的水量充足,气候潮湿,植被茂盛,有利于昆虫的生存和发展.居多发生在食料来源充足的亚热带-热带原始森林之中的昆虫及其他陆生动物,随着这种良好的自然生态环境而迅速繁殖、发展,使动、植物与大自然形成一系列协同进化的良性的自然生态环境,也为化石的保存提供了良好的地质条件.祁连山纳缪尔期海陆交互相地层所保存的昆虫就是拓宽思路、寻找昆虫化石的一个实例.本文在对翅脉结构和性质进行深入研究和系统分类的基础上,进一步探讨了中国纳缪尔翅蛉科在地史中的演化规律,将该科的演化分为4个阶段原始阶段(离脉时期)、早期阶段(联脉时期)、过渡阶段(触脉时期)和特化阶段(并脉时期).这一演化规律的总结和提出,是昆虫脉序研究的一次突破性进展.文中对祁连山地区产出的数量庞大的中国纳缪尔翅蛉科进行了系统的分类和描述.此次因篇幅所限,仅发表1个新科,包括4个新属、3个新亚属和9个新种.     

New Discovery of Oligocene Gastropod Opercula from the Yehucheng Formation in Northwestern China

Fourteen species of nonmarine gastropod opercula are found to be in high abundance in the Oligocene upper member of the Yehucheng Formation,Lanzhou Basin,northwest China.They are attributed to two families,namely Bithyniidae and Assimineidae,and four genera,namely Pseudemmericia,Bithynia,Mirolaminatus and Assiminea.Among them,three species are new,and they are Bithynia paramonolithic sp.nov.,B.obliquus sp.nov.,and B.disregularis sp.nov.Some of these species were first discovered in Paleogene strata of the vast Northwest China and can be compared with the opercula recovered from the Paleogene deposits in East and South China.It is inferred from the paleontology and sediment associations that the climate was slightly humid and the fauna probably inhabited the fresh or brackish water of a shallow lake in the Lanzhou Basin during the late early Oligocene period.     

New Bivalved Arthropods from Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota of Southeastern Guizhou, Southwest China

Bivalved arthropods are very important elements in Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota.Three genera,Alicaris,Pseudoarctolepis,and Forfexicaris,are herein recorded for the first time,including three new species:Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.,Forfexicaris reticulata sp.nov.,and Pseudoarctolepis semicircularis sp.nov.,of which Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.could be assigned to crustaceomorphs;the other two forms are grouped as proschizoramians.These forms provide important information about the distribution and species dive...     

First Record of Fossil Mesocupes from China （Coleoptera： Archostemata： Cupedidae）

Three new fossil species of the genus Mesocupes of fossil cupedids,M.angustilabialis sp. nov.,M.latilabialis sp.nov.and M.collaris sp.nov.,are described from the Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia,China.These new species are the first three records of fossil Mesocupes in China as well as the oldest ones in the world now.This finding also extends the geographical distribution of this genus from Central to East Asia.In addition,based on the ratio of the length of the last to the penultimate abdominal ventrites of new beetles distinctly lower than that of the species from the Karabastau Formation,the age of Daohugou fossil-bearing beds might be older than that of Karatau assemblage and consequently of Middle Jurassic.     

EARLY CARBONIFEROUS RUGOSA IN YANFANG OF QUJING DISTRICT,YUNNAN

：Yumushan block on the north margin of Qilian mountain, with Jiudong basin and Minle basin to the west and east respectively, belongs to the fore-land depression in NNW direction at the north margin of the Qilian mountain fold belt. The Yumushan block has been thought of as a fault-uplift, which separates the two basins formed during late Yanshanian orogeny. However, the recognition of fault zones at the western margin of the Yumushan block, and the tectonic and sedimentary analyses of the Yumushan block and the basins, cast doubts to the tectonic property of the block. It is suggested that the two basins be derived from an united large basin at least during Mesozoic and the Yumushan block be nappe sheet formed due to NE imbricate thrusting on the north margin fault zone of the Qilian mountain. This proposal would provide valuable clues to further exploration of oil-gas and water resources in Hexi corridor basin belt.     

Brochocolein beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast China and southern England

Lower Cretaceous beetles belonging to the extinct tribe Brochocoleini (Coleoptera: Cupedidae: Ommatinae) are revised and five new species proposed in the extinct Eurasian genus Brochocoleus: Brochocoleus yangshuwanziensis sp. nov. (Yixian Formation, China); Brochocoleus crowsonae sp. nov., Brochocoleus keenani sp. nov., Brochocoleus tobini sp. nov. (Weald Clay Group, UK); and Brochocoleus maximus sp. nov. (Purbeck Limestone Group, UK). New morphological data is provided for Brochocoleus impressus and Brochocoleus sulcatus stat. nov. of which Brochocoleus angustus is considered a synonym (Yixian Fm.). The hindwing venation is described for the first time supporting the basal position of this tribe. A simple key is provided to all Cretaceous species of this presumably xylophagous, warm climate genus.     

New Cretaceous Elcanidae from China and Myanmar (Insecta,Orthoptera)

A new species of Elcanidae (Orthoptera: Elcanoidea), Panorpidium yixianensis sp. nov., is described based on two new specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. It differs from other species in forewing characters and spines on the hind tibiae. In addition, a new specimen Burmelcana sp., is described and figured based on an amber inclusion from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Myanmar) amber. P. yixianensis sp. nov. represents the first definite record of Elcanidae in the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, and Panorpidium is the only genus of Ensifera to be found in the Early Cretaceous faunas of England, Russia and China.     

New Species of Cretolimonia and Mesotipula (Diptera: Limoniidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China

Two new species, Cretolimonia excelsa sp. nov. and Mesotipula gloriosa sp. nov., in Limoniidae of Diptera are described and illustrated, based on three fossil specimens with bodies and complete wings. These specimens were collected from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. These are the first fossil records of these two genera from China.     

浙江天台盆地蛋化石与恐龙的绝灭

综合报道了浙江天台盆地产出的蛋化石,其中包括新建立的龟鳖化石蛋科(新科)Tesmdoolithidae ram. nov.和天台蛋属(新属)Tiantaioolithus gen. nov.,以及5个新种：Dendroolithus shuangtangensis sp. nov.,Elongatoolithus chichengshanensis sp. nov,Elongatoolithus laijiaensis sp. nov,Spheroolithus jincunensis sp. nov,Tiantaioolithus jiangi sp. nov。这批蛋化石以赤城山组出现的类型最为丰富,有长形蛋、树枝蛋、圆形蛋、龟鳖类化石蛋等;赖家组蛋化石数量少,仅见长形蛋和圆形蛋类,其时代均为晚白垩世。推测天台蛋化石消失的原因是由于气候变冷,受精卵不能正常孵化所致。孵化率降低,生殖链打断,可能是引起恐龙绝灭的原因之一。     

Boring beetles are not necessarily dull: New notocupedins (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Mesozoic of Eurasia and East Gondwana

Beetles belonging to the extinct tribe Notocupedini (Coleoptera: Cupedidae: Ommatinae) are widespread in Mesozoic deposits of eastern Pangaea. Four new species are proposed in the genus/collective group Zygadenia: Z. liui sp. nov. (Aptian: Yixian Formation, China), Z. martinae sp. nov. (Sinemurian–Toarcian: Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia), Z. floodpagei sp. nov. and Z. simpsoni sp. nov. (Hauterivian–Barremian: Weald Clay Group, UK). The Purbeck species Z. tuberculata and Z. angliae are figured from the Weald Clay Group for the first time. It is also proposed that Notocupes, the largest genus in this presumably xylophagous, warm climate tribe, be divided into two subgenera: Notocupes subgen. n. and Amblomma stat. nov. In addition, the palaeoecological significance of colour markings in these Mesozoic beetles is also discussed for the first time. These discoveries extend the geographic distribution/stratigraphic range of Zygadenia and shed new light on the palaeoecology and diversity of so-called 'primitive' beetles in pre-angiospermous woodlands.