辽河三角洲湿地生态服务功能价值评估研究

采用国际通用的市场价值法、成本法、影子工程法和替代法,对辽河三角洲湿地服务功能价值进行评估研究,诠释了保护湿地资源的重大意义。     

辽河三角洲湿地的景观变化分析

利用遥感、ＧＩＳ手段对辽河三角洲１９８６年和１９９４年两个时段的湿地景观进行研究，认为本区景观是由两种作用力相互作用而形成的，从而形成了本区独具特色的景观变化方式，即半自然湿地（以苇田为主）向代湿地（以稻田为主）转化。     

辽河三角洲湿地资源景观特征评价及生态旅游开发

生态旅游概念提出以来,全球生态旅游在理论和实践2个方面都得到了很大发展,成为现在主要的旅游活动形式之一.辽河三角洲是我国七大江河三角洲之一,拥有丰富的湿地资源,非常适合进行生态旅游的开发.文章在分析辽河三角洲湿地资源景观特征的基础上,结合该地区旅游开发存在的问题,对其开展湿地生态旅游的前景作了分析,提出了开展湿地生态旅游的对策.     

辽河三角洲滨海湿地含水层水文地质参数获取的试验研究

抽水试验是获取水文地质参数的重要方法,为准确获取辽河三角洲滨海湿地潜水含水层的渗透系数,进行了一个抽水孔、两个观测孔的抽水试验。根据单孔抽水试验和多孔抽水试验观测数据,采用潜水非完整井求参公式、巴布什金公式及积分变换等方法计算含水层渗透系数。结果表明,用不同方法计算得出的含水层渗透系数值相差不大。通过试验测定PJ01井组潜水含水层渗透系数为1.15 m/d,PJ03井组潜水含水层渗透系数为0.74 m/d。     

辽河三角洲湿地景观的水文调节与防洪功能

以辽河三角洲为对象论述了湿地景观的水文功能,重点研究湿地蓄水容量与苇田蒸发散、湿地水更新率、稻田水量平衡等湿地的水文调节功能及人类活动的影响;探讨了湿地水文调节功能的价值估算,三角洲地下含水层的调洪功能;并根据辽河三角洲湿地的景观生态特征和在防洪中的功能,将湿地景观划分出5个功能区,为制定合理的景观规划,为促进三角洲地区的可持续发展服务。     

辽河三角洲对虾塘湿地水环境特征

2003年6-8月,对辽河三角洲营口沿海的海水、海淡水和淡化等3种对虾养殖塘湿地水化学、生物学特征及化学污染状况进行了调查。结果表明,明水期虾塘水质基本良好,属中营养前期-中营养后期水平,符合地面水环境质量二级标准和渔业水质标准。其透明度均值40~80cm,pH均值7.8~8.6,水温均值21~28℃,离子系数1~4,溶解氧丰富,属中性偏碱性水。水质阴、阳离子组成均分别以Cl-、K++Na+为主,水化学类型为Cl--Na+型,与天然海水相同。水层氮、磷含量较高,但比例不平衡。浮游植物生物量均值3.84×106~2.89×107细胞／L,浮游动物120.3-465.5个／L,其种类组成符合天然海水组成规律,细菌总数均值3.23×104-6.25×104个／L。石油类、挥发酚、铜、砷含量有一定程度超标。不同虾塘水体理化指标有所差异,但不明显。探讨了水质特征、主要理化指标、营养状况与对虾养殖业的相关性和内陆碳酸盐型盐碱水域养殖对虾的可能性。     

辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性功能评价

在辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性调查的基础上,对辽河三角洲生物多样性进行评价,主要包括物种多样性和生态系统多样性。按照生物多样性评价标准,辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性处于一般水平,需要加大湿地生物多样性的保护力度。     

辽河三角洲湿地景观格局对养分去除功能影响的模拟

以辽河三角洲湿地净化的空间模型为基础，研究了不同景观空间格局对养分去除功能的影响。根据辽河三角洲的实际情况及研究需要，设计了4个系列的实验测试图：灌渠密度、苇田面积大小、苇田缩减格局和泵站位置。结果表明，每个因子对总养分去除率的影响不超过10％。开挖更多的灌渠对提高养分去除效果没有太大意义，而小面积的苇田效果反而更好。在不同的苇田分布格局中，以集中式分布最有利于保持较高的养分去除效率，泵站位置也以靠近苇田边缘为佳。     

近20年辽河三角洲地貌演化

运用钻探和浅地层探测等最新调查成果,对近20年的辽河三角洲潮流沉积进行了研究.根据不同时期水深地形和卫星影像资料对比分析了现代辽河三角洲潮流地貌变化.现代辽河三角洲的沉积主体位于双台子河口.研究区10 m深度内的地层主要包括:潮滩相、潮道相和浅海相沉积,其下为古三角洲相.潮滩相沉积物以砂和粉砂为主,分选中等,跳跃和悬浮组分各占50%左右:浅海相和潮道相沉积物主要为软弱的粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,以悬浮组分为主.全新世以来至1896年,研究区为古辽河、古大凌河和绕阳河之间的小海湾.1896年,双台子河被人工开挖为分洪河道以来,口门外形成盖州滩等潮滩,并快速发育.1958年,双台子河建闸后,人海径流量和输沙量减小.目前.双台子河口整体处于淤积状态,潮滩面积不断增加,整体向南、西、北3个方向扩展.潮滩最大淤进速率为87～683 m/a,平均淤积速率为0.189 m/a.潮滩东侧局部发生侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率为0.122 m/a.潮道面积缩小,具有向西、向北迁移的趋势,最大迁移速率为48～200m/a.双台子河口地貌发育受径流、海洋动力和人类活动的影响,沉积物的主要来源由双台子河河流输沙演变为潮流和沿岸流输沙.     

基于辽河口湿地生态系统服务的等级补偿制度

作为生态补偿制度的核心问题,补偿标准存在诸多争议。随着生态系统服务的价值化与定量化,以生态服务量作为生态补偿标准逐渐成为一种共识。以辽河口湿地生态服务为研究对象,提出基于生态价值的等级补偿制度。根据环境特征,将辽河口湿地生态服务分为物质供给(石油供给、植物供给、水产品供给)、调节服务(水文调节、气候调节、污染物降解)、支持服务(生物多样性保护、促淤造陆)、文化服务(科学教育、休闲旅游)4大类。基于以上生态服务类型,采用专家打分法,分别赋予一定的权重(W)。对某一特定的生态服务而言,根据其年生态服务价值量变化率的高低,分别赋予对应的分值(S),生态服务补偿指数(In)=W×S。根据总生态补偿指数的高低,依次给予6个等级,建立合理的等级生态补偿制度,为科学制定湿地保护政策提供理论依据。     

黄河、辽河三角洲农业发展的比较研究

黄河三角洲和辽河三角洲是中国北方两个有代表性的大河三角洲，通过比较农业发展的自然条件，结构状况，历史和发展趋势，分析了它们的共性和差异，在此基础上提出了中国北方三角洲实现农业可持续发展的途径；通过水土整治工程，形成农业可持续发展的环境条件和基础设施，通过生态农业和生态工程，形成农业可持续发展的技术模式和良性循环，通过结构调整和农村经济社会的发展，形成农业可持续发展的宏观调控和支持保障系统。     

桃源沅水湿地保护与生态恢复研究

以中华秋沙鸭重要越冬地——桃源沅水湿地为例,分析了桃源沅水湿地现状,研究了其湿地保护与生态恢复工程,旨在保护中华秋沙鸭重要栖息地、水鸟与鱼类生境,保护重要饮用水水源地,并提出了生态恢复方案及保护措施。     

Recent geomorphic changes in the Liaohe Estuary

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

间歇性河流湿地生态修复规划研究:以云南楚雄龙川江湿地为例

云南楚雄龙川江流域上游的水库建设和河道渠化等工程改变了河谷盆地、缓坡、农耕地、河道、间歇性河流湿地和季节性溪流的地形和水文条件,曾经支持健康河流生态系统的间歇性湿地大面积退化,导致河流自净能力下降、植被退化以及生物多样性降低。通过调查和评估龙川江湿地,分析间歇性河流湿地生态修复的轨迹,确定修复目标、参考模型和技术路线,并制定湿地管理计划,旨在恢复健康的河流湿地环境。在湿地修复措施方面,挖掘和重新连接关键生态属性的湿地斑块,通过间歇性湿地保留雨水和流域的径流水量,实施综合种植计划,在河岸两侧恢复具有重要生态意义的季节性湿地综合体等。