民族迁徙与云南地名

民族迁徙与云南地名苍铭地名是一个语言词汇，语言是有民族性的。不同民族分布区域内的地名，一般总是由生息繁衍在当地的土著居民以其语言命名。地名又具有相对的稳定性，一个民族迁走后，其他名往往被后来者沿用；一个民族迁到一个新的无人区时也会带入原来的老地名，或...     

文山白族与大理白族比较研究

通过运用文献资料查阅及民族学田野调查方法,对文山白族和大理白族的生存环境、社会文化、生活习俗等进行了调查研究。研究表明,文山白族与大理白族同源,文山白族并非当地的土著民族,主要是唐朝时期逐渐从邻近的今曲靖等地迁入。在文山白族形成和发展的过程中,文山白族的语言、服饰、饮食、居住方式、节庆习俗、宗教信仰等与大理白族相比发生了变化,这些变化说明生态环境对民族的发展及其民族文化的最终形成有着重要的影响,是影响民族发展的重要因素之一。     

试论湖南的历史文化区域

借鉴综合自然区划的原则和方法，以语言和风俗为主导指标，将湖南的历史文化区域划分为湘资区和沅澧区，并分别分为三个和两个亚区。前者以不同的地貌单元、统县以致高层政区、土著民族集团而分异，后者则因不同的河段流域、统县政区及开发进程而形成。     

深圳福田土著和外来红树物种叶片的化学计量特征

开展植物化学计量研究对认知植物的生态适应策略具有重要意义。以深圳市福田红树林国家级自然保护区中的土著物种白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和外来物种无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)为研究对象,研究5种物种叶片的化学计量特征,分析5种物种叶片的化学计量特征与其性状的关系。研究结果表明,外来物种无瓣海桑叶片中的全碳含量显著大于土著物种秋茄,而与其他2种土著物种无显著差异;2种外来物种叶片中的全氮含量都显著大于土著物种桐花树和秋茄,而与土著物种白骨壤无显著差异;2种外来物种叶片中的全磷含量都显著小于土著物种白骨壤,而与土著物种桐花树无显著差异;2种外来物种叶片中的全钾含量都显著大于土著物种桐花树和秋茄,而与土著物种白骨壤无显著差异;2种外来物种叶片的碳钾比、氮钾比和磷钾比都小于3种土著物种;5种物种叶片中的全钾含量的变异系数大于全碳、全氮和全磷含量的变异系数,5种物种叶片的碳钾比、氮钾比和磷钾比的变异系数都较大,2种外来...     

民俗旅游的文化功能分析

近年来，民俗旅游作为一种相对新颖的旅游形式，越来越多地受到旅游者的欢迎，同时也使学者产生了浓厚的研究兴趣。从民俗旅游与文化之间的关系入手，一方面从民俗旅游的概念和民俗旅游的类型阐述民俗旅游是一种文化旅游，另一方面分析指出文化是民俗旅游的灵魂。在此基础之上，总结归纳民俗旅游的四大主要文化功能：民俗旅游有利于各民族的文化传承，民俗旅游有助于对各民族文化的了解，民俗旅游可以促进物质文明和精神文明建设，民俗旅游能够增强民族凝聚力。     

少数民族区域文化与汉文化空间整合的总体特征解析—以云南沿边少数民族区域为例

由于历史和现实原因，汉文化深刻影响着各少数民族文化，但在不同的民族地区，其影响的程度、内容与机制均有不同表现。从空间角度出发，在民族文化调查问卷的基础上，通过对问卷统计分析与定性解释相结合，概括得出汉文化与云南沿边少数民族文化融合与冲突的总体程度倾向于融合、文化冲突与融合点相对集中、少数民族文化与汉文化冲突与融合的空间变化规律以及文化冲融的具体文化特性等四大特点，并从历史的、文化发展水平、民族空间分布格局、地理区位因素及现实社会经济状况等角度进行了综合分析与解释。     

满族作家儒丐;;长篇小说《北京》

迕?;心理状写儒丐的长篇小说《北京》,是迄今能读到的用中文书写的、最为真切详备地收录有民国伊始京师旗族命运场景的记实之作。他是北京土著满人,民族情感浓烈,虽有留学经历和较高学养,却只是一介布衣,与被迫涌入贫民行列的旗族下层休戚与共,因此才做得到锲而不舍地跟踪寻访蹈入厄运的同胞生活真相。     

上海崇明东滩互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程

崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区是迁徙水鸟的重要栖息地。近10余年来,保护区面临着互花米草Spartina alterniflora的入侵、鸟类栖息地退化、土著植被萎缩等生态问题。通过实施崇明东滩互花米草控制和鸟类栖息地优化工程,新建了25 km长的围堤从空间上阻断了互花米草扩张途径,并形成了"围、割、淹、晒、种、调"的生态治理方针。工程在鸟类栖息地优化区内营造了鸻鹬类主栖息区、苇塘区、雁鸭类主栖息区、鹤类主栖息区和科研监测管理区,并总结出各生境类型的地形要素与群落要素配置特点与管理要求。工程还支持了潮间带滩涂土著植物海三棱藨草Scirpus mariqueter的种群重建与复壮任务。最后,通过规范工程的后续管理和成效监测,为保护区的后期建设规划和科学管理提供了实践经验。     

新疆县域经济分异特征、原因及对策探讨

在对新疆县域经济发展评价基础上,分析了新疆县域经济分异的特征,探讨了经济分异的原因,提出了解决对策。新疆县域经济差异的空间分异、民族分异在很大程度上叠加为民族经济发展水平的空间分异。新疆县域经济分异与国家安全形势长期面临威胁时的经济建设投入差异、各民族就业人员比例差异、各民族人口的就业行业差异及各民族人口空间分布有关。应当增加对新疆特别是疆内落后县域的固定资产投资,并努力使经济增长与就业增长协调起来;增加基础教育投资,同时加大职业技术教育;鼓励实行少数民族人口一对夫妇生育两个子女的政策,以减轻家庭负担,提高学生入学比例,才能大力迅速提升少数民族人口素质。只有这样,才能协调好各民族、各县域经济的发展,有利于国家稳定发展。     

达里湖区与内蒙古高原其他湖区鱼类多样性比较

达里湖区是内蒙古高原的主要湖区之一,也是达里诺尔湿地和达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分。为了了解达里湖区的鱼类多样性特点及其与内蒙古高原其他湖区鱼类多样性的关系,根据野外调查数据和文献资料,总结了内蒙古高原主要湖泊的鱼类物种多样性组成,在达里湖区与其他湖区鱼类物种组成分析比较的基础上,研究了达里湖鱼类多样性的特点及其形成原因,探讨了内蒙古高原湖泊湿地的鱼类多样性格局。研究结果表明,达里湖区各湖泊中的土著鱼类群落由3目5科17属18种鱼类构成,以鲤形目和鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类为主体,呈现东亚内陆鱼类组成的特点,其鱼类区系成分来自黄河、辽河和黑龙江水系,以北方类群为主体,在区系组成上更接近于黑龙江水系,同时还兼有青藏高原的鱼类区系特征;与其他各湖区相比,达里湖区各湖泊的土著鱼类群落中都包含有鲤形目和鲈形目物种,以鲤形目物种为主体;在科的组成中,都以鲤科为主,鳅科(Cobitidae)次之;在区系组成中,都包含有北方平原、江河平原和新近纪区系生态类群,但是各湖区鱼类群落间和区系生态类群间的相似性都较低,在鱼类多样性上无密切关系。内蒙古高原湖泊湿地的土著鱼类群落由7目13科50...     

一国两制下的深港跨境生活空间形成——以中英街地区为例

以深港边境中英街地区为例,运用实地调查和访谈方法,探讨一国两制下的深港边境生活空间形成、居民自下而上的再边界化、以及居民通过日常生活实践对边界的再定义过程。研究指出,中英街地区的生活空间形成是在边界效应下,边境居民对边境两侧管理差异的不断适应、调试、乃至主动运用的空间构建过程。边境管理者、居民、游客和水客等多方力量在此过程中互动角力,而中英街地区发展的不同阶段正是这一互动过程的结果;在此过程中,边境居民从被动的边界适应到主动的边界效应利用,体现了一国两制下居民的生活空间战略和自下而上的社会力量对边界及边境地区生活空间形成的作用。本研究有助于深化对于亚洲的边界和边境地区空间形成的理解,也对当下的边境治理具有积极的政策意义。     

Place,exile and identity: the contemporary experience of Palestinians in Sydney

Statelessness, displacement and exile, far from being particular moments in history, continue to affect the lives of Palestinians living in Sydney, in the maintenance of national identity and community formation. The impacts that displacement and subsequent ‘statelessness’ have had on the ways in which Palestinians maintain a sense of national identity have similarities with those of other ‘displaced’ peoples. Without the recognition of national boundaries to secure national sovereignty (Palestine) and accommodate the continuation of a shared and inherited history, the most significant element through which Palestinian identity is kept ‘alive’ is the one thing that all Palestinians share: a communal sense of injustice which involves being denied the right to live in, or return to, their homeland. Statelessness, nationalism and the now ‘imagined community’ of Palestine are more crucial for Palestinians living in Sydney than more primordial elements of identity, such as language or local community. Statelessness and exile in Australia have constructed a particular sense of Palestinian nationalism. The continuity of Palestinian identity as a primarily political phenomenon is a situation analogous to that of other diasporic refugee communities.     

Teaching and Researching the American South

Abstract

The American South is a region of endless paradoxes. While today the South's economic expansion is attracting in-migrants by the tens of thousands, many of its residents continue to live in grinding poverty. Though its history includes periods of substantial racial injustice and violence, today more African Americans are moving to the South than any other region of the United States. The region where “cotton was king” now includes many dynamic, prosperous, and rapidly expanding metropolitan areas (e.g., Atlanta, Charlotte, Dallas). But in the shadows of these cities reside rural populations who have experienced only limited improvement in the size of their paychecks, the quality of the education provided to their children, and the substance of their interaction with the rest of the nation and world.     

地质遗迹资源保护与开发的社区参与模式——以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园为例

以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园为例,应用问卷调查和登门访谈的方法,对地质公园内居民的社区参与现状和意愿进行调查,分析他们对地质遗迹资源保护与开发的认知态度,明确他们在资源开发中的利益诉求。调查表明,在资源保护和开发中社区参与存在的主要问题是,居民参与度低,参与机会有限,有强烈的参与决策、规划、商业经营的愿望,并希望在参与中分享资源开发的利益,参与过程得到政府、企业的保障。本文在现有的经营体制下,从资源保护(含环境保护)、规划决策、商业经营、利益分配、社会参与保障等五个方面,构建了居民在地质遗迹资源保护和利用中的社区参与模型体系,为我国地质遗迹资源保护和开发中的社区参与问题研究和实践提供了参考。     

Acquisition of industrial enterprises and its relations with regional identity: The case of the beer industry in Central Europe

ABSTRACT

The development of globalisation has ushered in fundamental changes that have led to a break in the relationship between places of production and places of consumption, and sometimes a rejection of global products and corporations at the local level in accordance with neolocalism. The objective of the article is to examine the effect of regional identity on the local impacts of global processes by applying a multilevel analysis of the brewing industry, in which consumers are very sensitive to changes in the beer offered and can influence it, for example by putting pressure on representatives of restaurants. Beginning with extensive research on the international level, the authors point out the various impacts of brewery acquisitions in three Central European countries – Czechia, Poland and Slovakia – that differ regarding the role of beer in the identity of their inhabitants. Thereafter, they focus on two Czech beer brands, the production of which was relocated to other regions after acquisitions. Based on field studies in the regions of the brands’ original production, the authors find that both brands lost popularity among their original customers. They conclude that for Czech customers, the place of production may be an important factor when choosing a beer brand.     

A spatial analytic approach for classifying greenspace and comparing greenspace social equity

Urban planners frequently adhere to ‘park minimum standards’ to ensure that public health and environmental benefits associated with greenspace are socially equitable. These standards denote the extent and placement of greenspaces, but rarely consider their form and function. Arguably, an inclusive evaluation of greenspace social equity requires the comparison of greenspace types. To address if greenspace types are socially equitable, I develop a novel spatial analytic approach that classifies 4265 greenspaces according to twelve functional, physical characteristics. I then compare the social equity of these greenspace types using multiple operationalizations of social equity (provision, accessibility, and population pressure) throughout 4524 neighborhoods in a capital city in Australia. I find that greenspace social equity varies for each of these types. For example, results reveal that affluent households have an abundance of amenity rich greenspaces and few amenity poor ones. Further, by comparing across multiple social equity operationalizations, I find that affluent households may have a deficit of the amenity poor greenspace type, but live closer to this type. These findings confirm that employing a greenspace typology and multiple social equity operationalizations can deepen our understanding of the association between social equity and greenspace provision. This spatial analytic approach is both adaptable for examining other urban land use types, and portable to other urban contexts, and can aid urban planners, researchers, and policy makers to understand how to improve the social equity of publicly beneficial greenspace types.     

The hunting of the Greenland right whale in Svalbard, its interaction with climate and its impact on the marine ecosystem

During the 17th and 18th centuries, tens of thousands of Greenland right whales were killed as a result of extensive European whaling in the coastal waters of the Svalbard archipelago. The author reconstructed these whaling activities, examined how the changing climate affected whaling productivity, and considered the consequences of climate and whaling on the species and on the North Atlantic ecosystem. Annual catch records made it possible to calculate the original size of the whale population; its natural migration pattern in the Greenland Sea could be reconstructed using shipping logs and itineraries. Other written sources revealed that besides human hunting activities, climate change played an important role in the elimination of the Greenland right whale from the Arctic marine ecosystem. This elimination made millions of plankton available for other marine mammals, polar cod and planktonfeeding birds. This has caused a major shift in the food web. changing the marine ecosystem in Svalbard.     

自然保护区社区共管中的社区合作问题初探

通过对白水江自然保护区社区共管的考察发现,社区共管实施中有社区内部合作、社区间合作以及社区与外部组织间合作3种方式。这3种合作方式的存在既有深刻的历史原因,又是社会发展和社区居民理性选择的结果。从外在表现上看三者相互作用,互为基础,共同发展,但是又存在发展失衡的问题,主要表现为对社区内部合作和社区间合作的忽视。从长远发展的角度来看,只有充分发挥3种合作的积极作用,尊重社区居民的合理利益诉求,才能抓住发展机遇,实现自然保护区内各方的利益共赢。     

北极地区人口数量、组成与分布

以环北极国家的北极行政区域为统计范围,利用环北极国家2001年和2006年的官方人口统计数据,对北极地区的人口状况及其演变趋势作了统计和初步分析,结果表明：（1）2006年,北极地区总人口约为1044万．人口密度为0．63人／平方公里．是地球上除南极大陆以外人口最稀少的地区：（2）在全球人口数量不断增加的情况下．北极地区近年来人口非但没有增加．而且略有减少。2006年与2001年相比．总人口减少了5．3万左右．主要原因是受俄罗斯北极区域人口减少的影响（减少了约12万）,其他国家的北极地区则呈现变化不大或略有增加的趋势：（3）北极地区地广人稀,人口分布极不均匀．主要集中在少数几个城市或城镇：北极地区首府的人口250万左右,约占总人口的24％;（4）分布在俄罗斯、北美、北欧北极地区的原住民人口约为200万．俄罗斯原住民以楚科奇-堪察加语族、阿尔泰语族、乌拉阿尔语族等北方少数民族为主,北美加拿大、美国主要以困纽特人和印第安人为主．北欧原住民则以萨米人为主。     

Job-Rich but Housing-Poor: The Dilemma of a Western Amenity Town*

Sedona, Arizona, an amenity town that trades on intangible quality-of-life attributes like spectacular scenery, the arts, and its nonmetropolitan location, has a conflict between low-wage employment catering to its tourist sector and expensive housing for its affluent residents. Many of those who work in Sedona do not live in the community. This study, based on a survey of 286 employees, shows that workers who live in Sedona do not have incomes that are significantly higher than commuters from the outside, but they live in housing that is almost twice as expensive. Employees who live in Sedona pay dearly for housing in order to be near jobs, natural beauty, and the cultural ambience of an amenity town. Commuters, on the other hand, incur high travel costs but enjoy cheaper housing and the lifestyle of small towns and rural areas. The emergence of amenity environments and long-distance commuting in Sedona is symbolic of the increased differentiation of nonmetropolitan landscapes.