玉树地震对市县地震科普宣传的启示

青海省玉树7.1级强烈地震后,根据对玉树小学生进行的地震问卷调查结果,结合西宁市地震局科普宣传工作,对加强西宁市、县,尤其是农村防震减灾科普宣传工作的重要性进行了分析,认为提高学生的防震减灾知识和防御能力是地震科普宣传的主要目的,同时也起到辐射家庭及社会的作用。     

提高基层地震部门地震应急能力

通过海南州地震局对玉树地震应急情况,阐述了基层地震部门地震应急工作体系建设、救援队伍建设等工作的重要性。     

用双差定位法精确测定玉树地震及其余震序列

2010年4月14日7时49分,在青海省玉树县发生7.1级地震.玉树地震发生时,测震台站33个,采用有线或者无线的方式实时传输到青海省地震局.针对震中附近只有3个测震台站,不利于余震监测和震后趋势研判的情况,中国地震局及时协调四川和青海地震局的流动观测队伍赴玉树地区开展现场测震加密工作.     

玉树7.1级地震对海东市防震减灾工作的促进作用

新形势下,地方地震局必须转变观念、不断加强和改进防震减灾工作内容和工作方式,才能满足社会需求。主要论述玉树7.1级地震后,海东市地震局在防震减灾工作中存在的问题和改进措施。     

青海省地下水地震异常特征及预报指标的研究

青海省地下水地震异常特征及预报指标的研究杨明德（青海省地震局，西宁８１０００１）青海省位于青藏高原东北部，该区构造活动强烈，地震活动频度高、强度大，是开展地震科学研究与预报较理想的场所。自七十年代以来，先后在西宁、格尔木、玉树等地建立了地震地下水观测...     

玛多县1997年“10.13”和“12.6”两次地震灾害损失评估

1997年10月13日和12月6日,在青海省玛多县与兴海县交界处连续发生Ms4．2级和．Ms4．4级两次地震,震后在省地震局的指导下,果洛州地震局会同州抗震办公室、民政局、工交局对地震现场进行了考察,按国家颁布的《震害调查及地震损失评定工作指南》和国家地震局关于《地震灾害损失评估规定》,对两次地震的震灾情况进行了评估,结果如下：1地展基本参数和地展烈度1.1地震基本参数（1）发震时间：1997年10月13日;震中位置：北纬35．5”,东径99．1”;震级：Ms4．2;（2）发震时间：1997年12月6日;震中位置：北纬35．5”,东径99．l”;震…     

2010年1月24日河津4．8级地震现场考察报告

2010年1月24日10时36分,在山西省河津发生4．8级地震。地震后,由山西省地震局、运城市地震局和河津市、万荣县地震局联合组成地震现场工作队进行了震情监测、科学考察、地震灾害评估等工作,经调查,宏观震中位于万荣县张家院村一带,与中国地震台网测定的微观震中相距约12km,与运城地震台网测定的微观震中相距约2km。     

新疆地震局1987年度地震趋势预测、大震现场等工作评比名列全国前茅

1982年2月初,国家地震局在北京召开了全国地震活动趋势会商会。会议期间,国家地震局对1987年度地震趋势预测、研究报告,大震现场和监视预报等工作进行了评比,表彰了十个先进单位和十二名先进个人。新疆地震局、兰州地震研究所获先进单位一类奖,云南、福建、广东三省地震局获二类奖,分析预报中心,安徽、河北、山东、四川四省地震局获三类奖。新疆地震局杨志荣、王煜获得先进个人的荣誉。     

青海玉树单台地震序列的尾波Q值研究

利用玉树单台记录到的2006年7月19日玉树Ms5．4级地震序列的数字地震波形资料，计算了不同频率下该序列尾波Q值的变化特征，为今后将数字地震资料应用到地震预报工作中提供了参考依据。     

2010年玉树7．1级地震前后气温变化分析

利用距平方法分析了2010年青海玉树7．1级地震前后玉树及周边台的气温变化,结果表明,在玉树地震前,从2001年到2010年,气温存在一个长达10年的趋势上升变化,总升温幅度约1．7℃,地震后气温很快下降恢复到趋势上升前的水平。比较玉树气温与周边气温的变化过程,在玉树地震前后,玉树气温变化与周边气温变化存在明显的差异,初步分析认为玉树气温的异常变化与玉树地震孕育和发生存在一定的联系。     

Post-earthquake building damage assessment in Yushu using airborne SAR imagery

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in Yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels (collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed) in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in Yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery.     

Surface Rupture and Coseismic Displacement of the M_S7.1 Yushu Earthquake

On April 14,2010,a devastating earthquake measured 7.1 on the Richter scale struck Yushu county,Qinghai Province,China.Field geological investigation and remote sensing interpretation show that this earthquake generated an inverse L-shaped surface rupture zone,approximately 50km long.The surface rupture zone can be divided into three segments.Between the northern and middle segments of the surface rupture,there is a 16km-long segment,where no rupture was observed.The middle and the southern segments are arr...     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES

After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work.     

上拉秀一小苏莽断裂带新活动特征与地震关系探讨

青海省玉树县上拉秀乡至小苏莽乡曾发生过多次中强地震,由于震级不高、危害不大及条件所限,未能进行详细的野外地质调查,只是初步判断上拉秀-小苏莽断裂带为全新世活动断裂带,为多次中强地震的发震构造。     

青海玉树MS7.1级地震发震应力场与非稳定发震机理的模拟

分析了玉树地区的地应力场、速度场.在此基础上,对青海玉树2010.4.14 MS7.1级地震发震机理进行了数值模拟.将围岩看成弹性体,断层看成具有应变软化特性的弹塑性体,断层和围岩组成统一的地质介质系统.在地应力、孔隙压力及边界位移的作用下,应力逐渐积累,当达到断层的摩擦破坏强度时,断层产生位移软化,断层突然滑动,能量...     

地震遗址加固方法的探讨

2008年汶川特大地震和2010年玉树大地震将许多县城夷为平地。为纪念这特定的历史事件,一些受地震破坏的建筑物和文物建筑遗址被定位为地震遗址,需对其进行抢险加固。本文以北川老县城K06商住楼和玉树县格萨尔宾馆为例,介绍了地震遗址的破坏情况,分析了破坏的原因,初步探讨了地震遗址的加固方法。     

玉树震区地质灾害地震响应分析

2010年4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树县发生了Ms7．1级地震。玉树地震不仅造成大量房屋破坏与人员伤亡,同时,引发了大量崩塌、滑坡和山体裂缝,并且形成了大量的诸如泥石流、堵河溃坝等链生灾害隐患。通过现场调查与数据的统计、分析,震区崩滑流地质灾害地震响应显著,地质灾害数量急剧增加,尤其是重大地质灾害隐患数量增加明显,空间分布上由震前的零星散点状分布转为震后的集中分布,地质灾害影响范围急剧扩大,危害程度也显著增高,主导诱发因素由震前的斜坡卸荷、降雨及人类工程活动等转为地震振动为主导诱发因素;震后地质灾害活动发展趋势将随地震对斜坡稳定性的长期影响、玉树灾区重建工作以及地质环境容量问题而将持续加剧,持续时间评估在10年左右。     

2010年青海玉树Ms7.1地震近断层地面运动估计

2010年4月14日在我国青海省玉树藏族自治州发生了M_s7.1级地震.地震给当地群众的生命财产带来巨大损失,其中最严重的破坏发生在震中东南的玉树县城.我们利用反演远场地震波形得到的震源破裂模型和Crust2.0提供的当地的地壳模型,计算了近断层地面运动（速度场和位移场）,再现了地震发生时当地的地面运动图像.根据这个图像,震源的单侧破裂过程导致了明显的多普勒效应.地震波自震中向四周扩散开去,但沿着断层向东南方向传播的地震波的幅度更大、波峰更密.玉树县城恰好位于地面静态位移较大的区域,也位于较强烈的位移波和速度波穿越的地带.与实际的地面运动相比,虽然我们的计算还不够精确,但无容置疑,破裂过程导致的多普勒效应是玉树县城遭受严重破坏的主要原因.     

震源参数因素对玉树地震库仑破裂应力图像及其与余震活动统计关系的影响

2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生MS7.1强震, 根据国内外3个机构公布的5套玉树地震震源参数,计算了玉树地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化,研究了震源参数的差异对库仑破裂应力变化及其与余震活动关系的影响． 结果表明,由于不同来源震源参数存在差异,计算得到的库仑破裂应力变化图像也存在不同程度差异,从而影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动的关系．在震源断层参数中,断层滑动角和位错量的影响大于其它参数．此外还发现对余震统计时间的长短也会影响库仑破裂应力变化与余震活动关系的统计结果．      

玉树地震前不同空间范围内地震活动分布特征研究

北京时间2010年4月14日7时49分青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震。 本文利用Kolmogorow-Smirnov分布检验法, 对玉树地区不同空间范围内1995—2010年小震月频次分布进行了检验, 得到玉树周边地区不同空间范围内小震月频次不服从正态分布和泊松分布, 并根据峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等统计参数, 对玉树周边不同空间范围内小震活动分布特征的时间变化进行了进一步分析。 结果显示, 在玉树地震前, 不同空间范围内小震月频次的峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等均表现出明显的异常变化。