兰州市大气飘尘中正构烷烃分布特征

本文用ＧＣ－ＭＳ测定了兰州大气飘尘，汽车尾气和烟尘等样品中可溶有机质的正构烷烃。研究表明，大气飘尘样品中正构烷烃含量较高，但不同时期尚存在一定差异；经与尾气，烟尘的正构烷烃对比认为，兰州市大气有机污染源主要来自于人为因素既化石燃料燃烧的排放物和少部分的自然因素。     

北京市西北城区大气可吸入颗粒物中饱和烃的分布特征

利用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱分析法从北京市西北城区四个季节大气可吸入颗粒物（PM10）中检测出种类丰富的饱和烃,主要包括正构烷烃、萜烷及甾烷等系列化合物。利用饱和烃的多项参数（如主峰碳数、碳优势指数CPI、藿烷22S/(22S+22R)比值等）对大气PM10中可溶有机物的来源及分布作了探讨。北京市西北城区PM10中正构烷烃的主峰碳数均介于23和27之间,而CPI值介于1和3之间,表明北京市西北城区PM10中的饱和烃均不同程度地受到了高等植物等现代生物和化石燃料（石油、煤等）不完全燃烧产物两种来源的影响,其中在春、夏季以高等植物、花粉、微生物等生物来源占比重较大,而在秋、冬季,尤其在冬季,化石燃料的不完全燃烧造成的污染比较明显。萜烷类物质的检出,表明北京市西北城区四个季节PM10中部分饱和烃来自于石油等化石燃料的不完全燃烧。甾烷类物质的检出,表明北京市西北城区四个季节PM10中部分饱和烃是来自于车辆释放的机油等。     

金湖凹陷阜宁组低熟烃源岩饱和烃组成及其生源探讨

本文应用气相色谱，色谱－质谱和线性同位素质谱分析技术对盆地金湖凹陷下第三系阜宁组阜二段低熟烃源岩和烃组分及单体烃稳定碳同位素组成进行了深入地研究，发现甾烷类－Ｃ２９在饱和烃中含量很高，正构烷烃呈三峰型分布，以ｎＣ２２或ｎＣ２０为主峰。最后根据烃源岩有机显微组分和单体烃碳同位素组成特征认为正构烷烃中低碳数和中等碳数正构烷烃可能主要来源于菌藻类，高碳数大部分可能主要由藻类贡献。     

塔里木盆地原油的成因研究

对塔里木盆地原油和生油岩饱和烃进行ＧＣ－Ｃ－ＭＳ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析，利用单个正构烷烃碳同位素组成和三环萜烷分布特征进行油源对比，研究了塔里木盆地原油的油源问题；根据寒武—奥陶系富含菌藻有机质生油岩饱和烃色谱分析结果，对塔里木盆地海相原油含蜡较高的成因进行了探讨     

不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征

对中国１０个盆地不同沉积环境的４２个凝析油进行的ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＧＣ－ＡＥＤ及碳、氢同位素分析表明：海相、淡水、微咸水湖泊相、半成水湖泊相、咸水湖泊相凝析油以及沼泽相凝析油具有不同的有机分子和生物标记化合物组合以及碳氢同位素分布。海相凝析油富含异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷轻烃系列、硫芴及降姥鲛烷；贫二环倍半萜尤其是升锥满烷；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较大，具有较重的δＤ值和较轻的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值，前者平均－２９．８‰；后者平均－１１９．７‰。陆相咸水、半咸水湖相凝析油富含含硫化合物尤其是硫芴；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值略小于海相凝析油；具明显植烷优势；具有较重的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值和δＤ值，平均值分别为－２５．５‰和－１２１．２‰，全烃色谱具继承性微弱奇偶优势。微咸水、淡水湖相凝析油相对富含二环倍半萜尤其是锥满烷和升锥满烷及芴。沼泽相凝析油富含甲苯、甲基环己烷（轻烃）、二环倍半萜及氧芴；尚检出有按叶油烷等陆相生标化合物；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较小，具有姥鲛烷优势；δ￣（１３）Ｃ值较重，平均值为－２６．５‰。     

我国主要含煤油气盆地煤系源岩PY－GC热解产物组成及意义

本文运用热解气相色谱（ＰＹ－ＧＣ）技术探讨了我国一些含煤油气盆地中煤系源岩热解产物的组成特征及意义。研究表明，不同盆地煤系源岩热解产物的差异主要表现在Ｃ正构烷烃＋正构烯烃含量和芳环化合物的组成上，利用热解产物Ｃ１—Ｃ５、Ｃ６—Ｃ１４正构烷烃＋正构烯烃和Ｃ正构烷烃＋正构烯烃三个端元组分的相对含量可有效地判识煤系地层源岩有机质的产烃类型，研究表明ＰＹ－ＧＣ技术是一种值得推广的煤成烃评价方法。     

太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征及环境意义

对太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃进行了ＧＣ－ＭＳ和ＧＣ－Ｃ－ＭＳ分析和研究。结果表明,太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征在冬夏两季有明显的差异,但是同一季节不同的功能区差异不明显,而其正构烷烃的单分子系列碳同位素组成有明显的差生,即：太钢工业区为－２２．６‰,桃园四巷商业忧区为－２７．９‰,化肥厂化工区为－３２．９８‰,分布特征表明其主要来源于人为的化石燃料燃烧产物,夏季有极少部分是来源于细菌和高等     

祁连山七一冰川雪冰和冰川融水中正构烷烃和多环芳烃的分布特征及来源研究

2008年6月,在祁连山七一冰川采集雪坑、冰川融水和冰川末端冰样,经过大孔吸附树脂富集后,用GC-MS对样品中的正构烷烃(nC14～nC32)和多环芳烃进行了分析.结果表明,正构烷烃的含量在冰川融水中最高,雪坑次之,冰中最低;多环芳烃的含量在雪坑中最高,冰中最低,冰川融水界于二者之间.正构烷烃与多环芳烃都具有很强的疏水性,在固-液相分配过程中倾向于保留在残留固相中.由于冰川融水样品距冰川末端约1km,沿途地表土壤和植被会贡献部分正构烷烃,所以冰川融水中正构烷烃的含量最高.与正构烷烃不同,多环芳烃较易挥发,而且易被沿途土壤和植被所吸附,导致冰川融水中多环芳烃的含量降低.冰川末端冰中正构烷烃与多环芳烃的含量都很低,可能是由于冰川末端冰年代比较古老,受人类活动的污染较轻.正构烷烃的碳优势指数(CPI值)表明,七一冰川中的正构烷烃主要来自高等植物蜡和化石燃料燃烧产物的混合物,多环芳烃的荧蒽/芘(Fla/Pyr)和菲/蒽(Phe/Ant)比值表明,七一冰川冰雪和冰川融水中检测到的多环芳烃主要来自化石燃料的不完全燃烧.     

太原市大气总悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃和多环芳烃空间分布及来源分析

收集了太原市不同功能区的大气总悬浮颗粒物样品,经超声波提取分离得到正构烷烃、多环芳烃,经色谱-质谱分析表明,太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧,少量为自然排放源。含量较高的不带取代基的多环芳烃有8种,其年平均浓度为1.50μg/m3,其中苯并(a)芘的年平均浓度为74.7ng/m3。多环芳烃的浓度分布为一电厂化工区>太钢工业区>桃园三巷商业居民区>太行仪表厂文化区。利用三角图与烟尘、汽车尾气样品中的多环芳烃特征相比较,认为太原市大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要来源于煤的燃烧。     

我国主要含煤油气盆地煤系源岩PY－GC热解产物组成及意义

本文运用热解气相色谱（ＰＹ－ＧＣ）技术探讨了我国一些含煤油气盆地中煤系源岩热解产物的组成特征及意义。研究表明，不同盆地煤系源岩热解产物的差异主要表现在Ｃ+₅正构烷烃＋正构烯烃含量和芳环化合物的组成上，利用热解产物Ｃ₁-Ｃ₅、Ｃ₆-Ｃ₁₄正构烷烃＋正构烯烃和Ｃ+₁₅正构烷烃＋正构烯烃三个端元组分的相对含量可有效地判识煤系地层源岩有机质的产烃类型，研究表明ＰＹ－ＧＣ技术是一种值得推广的煤成烃评价方法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861