海拉尔盆地乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷构造演化对油气成藏的控制作用

从成盆、成源、成烃和成藏4个方面对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷各构造演化阶段的石油地质意义进行了分析。海拉尔盆地成盆的动力机制是中蒙边界区中生代推覆构造形成后的晚造山期伸展垮塌作用,为典型的被动裂陷盆地。乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷形成演化经历了5个时期：山间残留阶段、被动裂陷阶段、主动裂陷阶段、断坳转化阶段和坳陷阶段。被动裂陷阶段沉积物震荡式沉积形成南一段中部砂泥互层的优质烃源岩,主动裂陷阶段盆地强烈裂陷,窄而深的断陷结构控制盆地南一段上部有效源岩分布,断坳转化阶段盆地快速沉降促进烃源岩熟化,伊敏组沉积晚期烃源岩大量排烃控制形成早期原生油藏,伊敏组末期盆地反转,部分油藏受活动断裂破坏调整到大磨拐河组形成次生油藏。不同演化阶段形成多种类型的隆起带,构成有利的油气聚集区带,控制了不同含油气系统油气聚集。     

海塔盆地中部断陷带洼槽结构特征及与烃源岩的响应

海塔盆地主要发育南二段和南三段烃源岩,二者在沉积特征和结构特征上均存在较大差异.为了搞清这两套烃源岩的形成背景及控藏作用,从盆地构造演化角度出发分析不同时期洼槽的结构特征,进而分析洼槽与烃源岩的关系.研究表明,南二段和南三段烃源岩分别形成于被动裂陷盆地和主动裂陷盆地时期,这两个时期形成的洼槽其结构分别为“泛盆”结构和多...     

西非塞内加尔盆地深水区油气地球化学特征与油气成藏

塞内加尔盆地是西非面积最大、勘探程度最低的含盐被动大陆边缘型盆地。2010年之前仅有少量非商业性的油气和重质油发现,近几年在深水区获得油气勘探的重大突破。对深水区油气进行详细地球化学分析及油源对比,结果表明:深水区发育下白垩统阿普特-阿尔布阶和上白垩统赛诺曼-土伦阶两套烃源岩,下白垩统阿普特-阿尔布阶烃源岩的碳同位素组成偏轻,含硫量低,处于成熟-高成熟演化阶段,局部达到过成熟演化阶段;上白垩统赛诺曼-土伦阶烃源岩碳同位素组成偏重,含硫量中等,处于低成熟度-成熟演化阶段。油源对比的结果显示深水区F-1井阿尔布阶储层原油来自阿普特-阿尔布阶烃源岩,F-1土伦阶储层原油来自赛诺曼-土伦阶烃源岩,而S-1井阿尔布阶储层油样性质介于二者之间,为混源的原油。     

深部流体中氢的油气成藏效应初探

深部流体对含油气盆地内油气成藏的影响已不断得到认识 ,人们在越来越多的油气田中发现了深部流体参与油气成藏的证据。氢是深部流体中重要的还原组分 ,许多沉积盆地都有氢异常的报道。深部来源的氢至少可能通过两种途径进入沉积盆地内 :一种是地球深部的氢直接通过深部脱气进入沉积盆地 ,通道为切穿盆地基底的深大断裂或伴随的火山活动 ;另一种来源是超基性岩的次生蚀变 ,如橄榄岩的蛇纹石化也可以放出氢。氢与沉积盆地内的有机质发生作用将会大大提高烃类的产率。加氢反应和合成反应是两种不同的机制。模拟实验表明在沉积盆地中存在加氢反应的条件 ,加氢反应可能是含油气盆地中广泛存在的一种生烃机制。在中国东部地区裂谷型盆地广泛地分布 ,并具有众多切穿基底的深大断裂 ,研究证实存在相当多的无机成因天然气 ,这预示着研究深部流体中氢的成藏效应不仅具有理论意义 ,而且也具有重要的现实意义。     

新西兰Great South盆地构造演化对油气的控制作用

为研究Great South盆地的油气分布规律,分析了该盆地构造演化与油气成藏之间的关系。结果显示:该盆地划分为前裂谷期、裂谷期、漂移期与新的板块边界形成期4个构造演化阶段。该盆地构造演化对油气藏的形成起到了重要的控制作用,主力烃源岩的形成与分布受当时盆地构造位置与控凹断层的控制,主要分布于早期断陷湖盆的控凹断层下降盘,而断陷湖盆白垩系发育的储层是盆地最主要的储层。同时,构造演化也控制了与断垒、古基底凸起相关的圈闭发育及油气的运聚成藏,圈闭多具有继承性,可分为西部斜坡、中央凹陷与东部凸起三个构造带。垂向上,油气主要在断层比较发育的白垩系地层聚集成藏。平面上,油气以近源成藏为主,中央凹陷圈闭带为最有利的油气聚集带。     

Hydrocarbon Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Offshore Rift Basins of China: A Case Study in the Beibuwan Basin

Beibuwan B asin is an important offshore oil and gas bearing basin of China.However,the distribution of oil and gas in different sags is uneven,and the rule of hydrocarbon accumulation and main controlling factors have not been clearly understood in this basin.Based on abundant seismic,well and analytical data,the differences and main controlling of tectonic evolution,sedimentary filling and source rock quality in sags are analyzed,and combined with the study of geothermal filed,the main controlling factors of differential hydrocarbon generation in sags of the Beibuwan Basin are clarified.On the basis of the research above,the hydrocarbon enrichment of the basin is clarified through the systematic analysis of reservoir-caprock assemblage and accumulation characteristics of different structural units.The results show that there are four NE-trending sag zones in the basin,and under the influence of fault activity,the scale of sags is regularly distributed.The scale of rifts in different sag zones decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the scale of rifts in the middle of a single sag zone is normally larger than that at two ends.Under the control of the sag-controlling faults activity,paleoproductivity and organic matter preservation conditions,the quality of source rocks in sags of the Beibuwan Basin decreases from northwest to southeast.The hydrocarbon-rich sags in the Beibuwan Basin were formed under the control of source rocks and geothermal field,and the distribution of large-medium scale fields is controlled by the favorable structural traps in the rift strata of inner gentle slope zone.The understanding of the hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in the Beibuwan Basin also provides a significant guidance for the oil and gas exploration in other rift basins.     

银额盆地及其邻区石炭系—二叠系油气资源远景调查主要进展及成果

针对影响石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件与油气资源潜力评价的关键地质问题,开展产、学、研联合攻关,采用盆山结合、地质与地球物理结合的工作手段,在石炭纪—二叠纪盆地形成与演化、沉积体系与沉积相展布、石炭系—二叠系烃源岩评价等方面取得了系列新认识。明确了银额盆地及其邻区石炭纪—二叠纪为典型的裂谷裂陷盆地,晚石炭世—早二叠世为盆地发育的鼎盛时期,以浅海陆棚相沉积为主;发现多套厚度大、横向分布稳定,且有机质丰度中等—高,并以II型干酪根为主的成熟—高成熟烃源岩,不存在区域变质;于上古生界风化壳钻获的天然气和原油地球化学特征指示与石炭系烃源岩具有显著亲缘关系;初步预测研究区石炭系—二叠系油气资源前景,圈定了有利勘探区和较有利勘探区。     

地球系统科学与成矿学研究

以济阳坳陷为例 ,总结了“富集有机质”烃源岩的沉积和地化特征 ,分析了其资源潜力。“七五”期间在牛 38井钻探过程中发现了沙三下亚段 (E2 -3 s下3 )“富集有机质”烃源岩 ,其后又相继发现了沙四上亚段和沙一下亚段 (E2 -3 s上4和E2 -3 s下1 )两套“富集有机质”烃源岩。这 3套“富集有机质”烃源岩均对应着盆地深断陷期三级层序的湖侵体系域 ,岩性以深湖相页岩、油页岩和纹层泥岩为主 ,具有较强的沉积韵律性 ,表明沉积环境具有闭流性质 ,利于有机质的形成和保存。这些烃源岩均具有有机质丰度高、生烃潜力大和非均质性强的特点。资源评价历史和油源对比研究表明 ,区内的大型油气田主要与“富集有机质”烃源岩有关     

Characteristics of Triassic Petroleum Systems in the Longmenshan Foreland Basin, Sichuan Province, China

The Triassic in the Longmengshan foreland basin is rich in oil and gas resources. Its reservoirs feature low-porosity, low-permeability, small pore throat, high water saturation, and strong heterogeneity. The existence of abnormally high pressure and various reservoir-cap combinations developed at different times provide favorable conditions for trapping oil and gas. Taking the theory of petroleum systems as a guide, and beginning with research on tectonics, sedimentary history, distribution and evolution of source rocks, reservoir evolution, hydraulic force distribution, and hydrocarbon migration, analysis and study of static factors like source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks, and dynamic factors such as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation revealed the characteristics of the Upper Triassic petroleum system in western Sichuan province. The deepbasin gas in the central hydrocarbon kitchen of the Upper Triassic, structural-lithological combination traps on the surrounding slopes, and the structural traps of the Indo-Chinese-Yangshan paleohighs, are potential plays. The relatively well- developed fault zones in the southern segment of the Longmengshan foothill belt are favorable Jurassic gas plays. Pengshan-Xinjin, Qiongxi, and Dayi are recent exploration targets for Jurassic oil/gas reservoirs.     

西非裂谷系Termit盆地古近系油气成藏主控因素分析

Termit盆地隶属于西非裂谷系,是发育于前寒武系-侏罗系基底之上的中、新生代裂谷盆地。国外石油公司自1974年开始对该盆地进行勘探,截止2008年在中国石油获得勘探许可前,仅在西部Dinga断阶带发现7个油气藏,区域甩开勘探没有获得商业发现。针对这一国外石油公司勘探近40年后放弃的区块,面临着如何寻找潜力区带、发现规模油气的巨大挑战。本文基于Termit盆地晚白垩世大规模海侵、早白垩世和古近纪两期裂谷叠置的构造演化特点,分析了古近系油气成藏的主控因素。这种后期叠置裂谷(古近纪)的成藏模式有别于其他纯陆相单一旋回的裂谷盆地,烃源岩为上白垩统海相泥页岩,储层为古近系陆相砂岩,盖层为古近系湖相泥岩,表现为跨世代(跨二级层序)油气聚集特征。其油气成藏具有6个主控因素,即大范围海相烃源岩“控源”、叠置裂谷“控砂”、断裂与砂岩输导层“控运”、构造地貌“控势”、断层与砂体配置“控藏”、盖层与侧向封挡“控保”。成藏主控因素分析揭示了Termit盆地古近系的油气富集规律,有效指导了该盆地潜力区带评价与规模油气发现。     

青藏高原东北缘六盘山盆地烃源岩的地球化学特征

在前人认识的基础上,依据近年来的勘探成果,对六盘山烃源岩进行了评价分析,发现目前较明确的3套主要烃源岩中,白垩系下统的乃家河组、马东山组和李洼峡组源岩在盆地内分布较广,除北部埋藏较浅的区域未成熟外,大部分已趋于成熟。石炭系也是重要的源岩,由于埋藏较深,后期改造作用大,应以找气为勘查目标。三叠系烃源岩成熟度较好,但分布范围局限,勘探潜力受到影响。盆地的诸多油气显示及地面油气异常响应特征,充分证实了该盆地具有烃类的生成、运移和聚集的过程。整个盆地的油气地球化学异常响应特征明显,油气苗显示丰富,分布广泛。地球化学勘探测量发现了盆地内有3个近东西向展布的油气地球化学异常区带。根据三维荧光光谱图,对油气属性进行了判别,均表现为轻质油的地球化学特性。     

大型油气系统形成的盆地动力学背景

找寻大油气田的急迫任务带动了当今新一轮战略性、区域性的基础地质和石油地质研究.在盆地中识别富生烃凹陷及其所控制的油气系统具有关键意义.没有富生烃凹陷就没有大油气田赖以形成的首要基础.富生烃凹陷及大型油气系统的形成又有其特有的盆地动力学背景, 认识后者对前者的控制关系可提供战略性预测.渤海湾盆地作为中国东部陆上及海域伸展类盆地最重要也最典型的代表, 其数十年勘探和研究历程揭示了富生烃凹陷、大型油气系统和盆地动力学过程的内在联系.岩石圈伸展和裂陷的背景下, 盆地内隆坳分异的构造格架、快速沉降、高地温和异常高压系统提供了富生烃凹陷和大型油气系统形成的构造背景, 与古近系中晚期有利的古气候、古环境条件匹配形成了最有利生烃的超富养湖盆类型.根据多个富生烃凹陷的典型研究提出了大型油气系统形成的模式, 进一步分析了富生烃凹陷形成背景的多样性.值得指出的是, 目前所知西北地区大型叠合盆地中最重要的富生油凹陷, 如准噶尔盆地的二叠纪中央凹陷、塔里木盆地的满加尔凹陷可能都形成于伸展和裂陷背景下, 中新生代则以挤压、挠曲占优势.提出用当代盆地动力学和油气系统的思路与方法重新认识含油气盆地及其油气系统演化的动力过程, 进行新一轮基础性、区域性研究, 为发现新领域、找寻大油气田提供地质理论基础.      

Structure and petroleum potential of the Laptev Sea region

Analysis of specific features of the structure and petroleum potential of the Aptian Laptev Sea region is presented. Age and lithological composition of the sedimentary cover of the shelf are predicted. Oil- and-gas source sequences, catagenetic zonation of organic matter, and potential petroliferous objects in large structural zones are characterized. It is supposed that oil likely played a significant role in the phase composition of naphtides. Its formation in the land and coastal shelf zone was stipulated by the presence of high-quality oil source rocks in the Riphean–Phanerozoic cover of the Siberian Craton. In the remaining part of the shelf, where the Aptian–Cenozoic rift system is widespread, oil can also be present in pools, because the rocks likely accommodate not only gas source rocks, but also deltaic and prodeltaic oil-and-gas source rocks that are located in the main oil formation zone. The above properties are specific features of the study region, and its hydrocarbon potential will be increasing steadily with the shelf development.     

南美玻利维亚重点盆地油气地质特征和勘探潜力评价

基于对玻利维亚区域构造演化与沉积充填特征的分析,研究盆地烃源岩、储集层及盖层等油气成藏地质条件的差异,分析盆地勘探潜力。玻利维亚境内发育查科、贝尼和马德雷德迪奥斯等3个重点盆地,均是在前寒武系基底基础上发育起来的叠合盆地,盆内依次充填了古生代克拉通边缘海相沉积层序、三叠纪-白垩纪裂谷期海相-海陆过渡沉积层序和晚白垩世至今前陆陆相沉积层序。油气成藏地质条件综合对比分析认为,3个盆地均发育泥盆系主力烃源岩,储集层以泥盆系-石炭系和白垩系砂岩为主,发育古生界泥岩和碳酸盐岩及古近系泥岩等多套区域盖层。成熟烃源岩主要分布在冲断带和前渊区,油气必须通过垂向和侧向运移才能聚集成藏,具有晚期生烃、晚期成藏的特点。马德雷德迪奥斯盆地前渊-斜坡带低幅构造圈闭和地层圈闭、查科盆地和贝尼盆地逆冲褶皱带构造圈闭是主要的勘探目标。     

柴达木盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩生烃潜力分类评价

柴达木盆地侏罗系发育泥岩、炭质泥岩、煤和油页岩等多种类型煤系烃源岩。受沉积环境控制,不同类型烃源岩之间有机质丰度、有机质类型及生排烃模式等差别很大。传统的评价方法低估了炭质泥岩和煤的生烃潜力。提出了基于单位岩石烃源岩产烃率的定量评价方法,对不同类型烃源岩的总生烃量和总资源量定量预测表明:炭质泥岩对侏罗系生烃总量和油气资源的贡献率分别达到44.8%和41.7%,整体提升了柴达木盆地侏罗系烃源岩的资源潜力,煤型气的资源潜力大幅度提高,对柴达木盆地天然气勘探具有重要指导意义。      

斋桑盆地与准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系成藏条件对比

斋桑盆地位于“一带一路”重要的沿线国—哈萨克斯坦国东北部,二叠系成藏研究相对较少.基于斋桑盆地构造演化背景,通过与邻区准噶尔盆地西北缘在构造沉积演化、烃源岩、储盖组合以及运聚模式的对比,揭示其二叠系勘探潜力.结果表明:斋桑盆地和准噶尔盆地均为板块碰撞的产物,沉积体系受断裂控制;与风城组烃源岩类型相似,麦恰特组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅰ和Ⅱ型为主,源岩发育于高盐度、强还原性水体环境,为一套好-很好的烃源岩;但斋桑盆地二叠系储层中孔低渗,物性相对较好,且二叠系内部发育大套地层圈闭,可形成规模地层油气藏.综合对比分析表明斋桑盆地二叠系具有良好的勘探潜力.      

"源热共控论":来自南海海域油气田"外油内气"环带有序分布的新认识

南海海域新生代经历印支—南海地台裂谷期、陆间裂谷期和区域沉降阶段,形成大陆架、大陆坡和洋壳区三大区域构造单元。围绕洋壳区,大陆坡和大陆架呈准环带状分布格局。沉积盆地主要分布在大陆架和大陆坡上,亦环绕中央洋壳区呈环带状分布。南海油气勘探活动于20世纪60年代末期开始,截至目前已发现数百个油气田,这些油气田主要分布在南部、北部和西部等大陆边缘。油气田分布主要呈大陆架或其近陆部分以油田为主、大陆坡（也包括邻近大陆架部分区域）以气田为主的“外油内气”特征。油环区凹陷烃源岩以中深湖相泥岩或深海相泥岩为主,沉积有机质以Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型干酪根为主,地壳相对较厚、热流值相对较低、烃源岩主要处在生油窗以内,烃类产物主要是原油。气环区生烃凹陷烃源岩以海陆过渡相泥岩和海相烃源岩为主,沉积有机质主要是Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型干酪根,地壳厚度相对较薄,热流值高,具“超热盆”特征,烃源岩以生气为主。油环区主力储层是砂岩,形成于湖相到浅海环境,存在多套储盖组合。气环区内带存在浅水沉积和深水沉积两套储盖组合,以深水扇和生物礁储层为主,盖层主要为海相泥岩。以300 m水深为界,油环带主要位于浅水区,勘探程度较高;内带气环主要位于陆架下部及陆坡区,勘探程度较低。南海海域勘探领域正在由浅水区向深水区发展。南海油气资源丰富,有望成为我国新的大油气区。     

Sedimentary basins of Yemen: their tectonic development and lithostratigraphic cover

This paper describes the updated stratigraphy, structural framework and evolution, and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins of Yemen, depicted also on regional stratigraphic charts. The Paleozoic basins include (1) the Rub’ Al-Khali basin (southern flanks), bounded to the south by the Hadramawt arch (oriented approximately W–E) towards which the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments pinch out; (2) the San’a basin, encompassing Paleozoic through Upper Jurassic sediments; and (3) the southern offshore Suqatra (island) basin filled with Permo-Triassic sediments correlatable with that of the Karoo rift in Africa. The Mesozoic rift basins formed due to the breakup of Gondwana and separation of India/Madagascar from Africa–Arabia during the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous. The five Mesozoic sedimentary rift basins reflect in their orientation an inheritance from deep-seated, reactivated NW–SE trending Infracambrian Najd fault system. These basins formed sequentially from west to east–southeast, sub-parallel with rift orientations—NNW–SSE for the Siham-Ad-Dali’ basin in the west, NW–SE for the Sab’atayn and Balhaf basins and WNW–ESE for the Say’un-Masilah basin in the centre, and almost E–W for the Jiza’–Qamar basin located in the east of Yemen. The Sab’atayn and Say’un–Masilah basins are the only ones producing oil and gas so far. Petroleum reservoirs in both basins have been charged from Upper Jurassic Madbi shale. The main reservoirs in the Sab’atayn basin include sandstone units in the Sab’atayn Formation (Tithonian), the turbiditic sandstones of the Lam Member (Tithonian) and the Proterozoic fractured basement (upthrown fault block), while the main reservoirs in the Say’un–Masilah basin are sandstones of the Qishn Clastics Member (Hauterivian/Barremian) and the Ghayl Member (Berriasian/Valanginian), and Proterozoic fractured basement. The Cenozoic rift basins are related to the separation of Arabia from Africa by the opening of the Red Sea to the west and the Gulf of Aden to the south of Yemen during the Oligocene-Recent. These basins are filled with up to 3,000 m of sediments showing both lateral and vertical facies changes. The Cenozoic rift basins along the Gulf of Aden include the Mukalla–Sayhut, the Hawrah–Ahwar and the Aden–Abyan basins (all trending ENE–WSW), and have both offshore and onshore sectors as extensional faulting and regional subsidence affected the southern margin of Yemen episodically. Seafloor spreading in the Gulf of Aden dates back to the Early Miocene. Many of the offshore wells drilled in the Mukalla–Sayhut basin have encountered oil shows in the Cretaceous through Neogene layers. Sub-commercial discovery was identified in Sharmah-1 well in the fractured Middle Eocene limestone of the Habshiyah Formation. The Tihamah basin along the NNW–SSE trending Red Sea commenced in Late Oligocene, with oceanic crust formation in the earliest Pliocene. The Late Miocene stratigraphy of the Red Sea offshore Yemen is dominated by salt deformation. Oil and gas seeps are found in the Tihamah basin including the As-Salif peninsula and the onshore Tihamah plain; and oil and gas shows encountered in several onshore and offshore wells indicate the presence of proven source rocks in this basin.     

辽河外围陆家堡坳陷生油岩有机质丰度及类型研究

辽河外围盆地大多属晚中生代早期发育的裂谷断陷型盆地。总体上,这些盆地的形成与演化受以裂陷作用为主导的构造运动所控制,主要经历了裂谷发育和坳陷发育两个阶段的沉积作用,后者仅局限于开鲁盆地。     

鄂尔多斯盆地董志——正宁地区原油地球化学特征与成因

鄂尔多斯盆地董志—正宁地区是该盆地中生界油气勘探新区,对该地区原油的地球化学进行研究,了解原油的成因,可以为该地区石油勘探和开发提供科学依据。本研究首次对采集于董志—正宁地区原油和鄂尔多斯盆地烃源岩的烃类生物标志化合物进行了系统的分析,研究了它们的地球化学特征。原油中各类烃类生物标志化合物分布和组成特征指示了原油形成于...