点电源二维电场问题中付氏反变换的波数k的选择

在解点源二维电场问题时,要用到付氏反变换,用数值方法进行付氏反变换时,波数k的选择是保证计算精度和节省计算时间的主要问题,通常k的选择用试验方法决定,即选择若干个k(一般用7～9个k),用试验方法看看能否满足精度要求,为了求取一组合适的k值,要进行许多次试验,这样作比较费时,也不易保证获得最佳的k值。本文提出用最优化方法选择k,结果使k的数目减少许多。本文选择的k值,用于付氏反变换,对几种模型试验后,获得比较满意的精度。     

点源二维势场问题的边界元法中点源处理方法

用傅氏变换将点源二维地电断面的三维边值问题,变换成二维问题.提出了波数选取的方法与确定傅氏反变换加权系数的解析方法.研究了提高计算精度和计算速度的方法技术.方法简单,精度较高.     

最优化波数在点源二维有限元正演计算中的应用

文章结合地电模型给出了计算误差随最优化波数个数的变化曲线,揭示出该曲线上存在突降稳定点,这一规律使计算所需波数大大减少。研究还发现误差随网格加密参数曲线上也存在突降稳定点。上述规律的发现可以大大节省二维有限元正演的计算时间,使之在反演中的充分应用成为可能。     

用二维付氏变换及希氏变换作倾斜滤波

本文讨论了文献中提出的利用付氏变换和希氏变换在频率波数域中对垂直地震剖面中的上行波与下行波进行分解的基本原理,并将该方法推广到作倾斜滤波,本文还在文献所提多维快速付氏变换算法的基础上,研制了二维及多维快变程序,使得倾斜滤波更加简便快捷。最后通过对人工合成地震记录和野外实际资料的处理结果,说明了该滤波方法的可靠性及有效性。     

在波数域计算一维重磁异常导数的Matlab语言算法

利用Matlab内建的快速傅氏变换函数可以方便地在波数域计算重磁异常导数。介绍了基于Matlab语言的波数域求导的算法,给出了程序源代码,讨论了一些有助于提高计算精度的编程技巧。通过模型试验和数据分析,发现在计算垂向导数时波数域求导算法的精度比傅氏级数的精度有明显改善;而水平导数的计算,2种方法的精度相当。在某区钾盐勘探中,用该方法处理高精度重力剖面数据,取得了较好效果。     

关于瞬变电磁法2.5维正演中的几个问题

这里讨论了瞬变电磁法2.5维正演模拟中的两个积分变换:傅里叶逆变换和拉普拉斯逆变换。针对发收距为零的中心回线方式瞬变电磁法,提出了在傅氏域中考察傅氏变换函数随波数的变化规律,进而根据曲线首尾支渐近线来划定波数覆盖的范围,然后同解析解对比,确定出最少个数的傅氏域波数。另外,介绍了只需对较少的拉氏变换变量作纯实数运算的拉普拉斯数值反演计算方法。通过对均匀半空间表面上垂直磁偶极子源形成的瞬变电磁场进行正演模拟,结果表明,关于傅氏域波数的范围划定原则及个数选取方案是合理的、拉氏逆变换算法也是切实可行的。     

面波频散能量谱计算方法

面波频散能量谱成像精度是近地表横波速度计算的重要影响因素,有效提取面波频散曲线是后续反演地层结构及介质物性参数的重要环节。文中论述了τ-p变换法（τ为垂直波慢度,p为水平波慢度）、高分辨率线性Radon变换法、频率分解法、相移法、f-k变换法（f为频率,k为波数）、SFK变换法和矢量波数变换法等7种不同面波频散能量谱计算方法的基本原理;通过上述方法,对三层速度递增水平层状介质模型正演模拟合成Rayleigh波记录进行频散能量谱计算,并与理论频散曲线进行比较;根据所得频散能量谱,分析不同方法在数据处理过程中的特点与应用差异。结果表明：在提取频散曲线过程中,高分辨率线性Radon变换法和矢量波数变换法提取精度较高,f-k变换法提取精度最低,低频信息与高频信息无法有效识别;SFK变换法、矢量波数变换法、高分辨率线性Radon变换法抗噪性能强;τ-p变换法、f-k变换法、相移法计算速度优于其他方法。     

电法二维有限元正演计算的若干新结果

文章揭示出最优化选取波数的方法给电法二维有限元正演计算带来了显著的效果，并经大量试算发现了误差随波数个数及网格剖分参数变化的规律——变化曲线上存在突变点，突变点之后误差趋于平稳变化。这一发现使得我们可以在保证精度的前提下大大节省计算时间，这将对正演更充分地应用于反演有着重要意义。     

水平地形二维地电断面点源电场的正演

本文给出水平地形下二维地电断面的电阻率及面激发极化异常的数值计算方法。首先用镜象法将半空间问题变为全空间问题,然后用付氏变换将点源二维地电断面的三维电场边值问题变换成二维边值问题。再用格林公式将二维边值问题转变成积分方程。用边界单元法解积分方程,并由付氏反变换,获得三维空间中的电位。用本方法计算了几种模型的电阻率异常及激发极化异常,并与模型实验对比,效果是良好的。与起伏地形二维地电断面的边界单元解法比较,本文所需的计算机内存减少很多,计算时间节省几倍。     

利用重力归一化总梯度及相位法研究断裂构造

用波数域的位场转换和快速傅立叶变换理论研究重力归一化总梯度和归一化相位;在波数域向下延拓和导数计算的滤波算子中,分别引入圆滑滤波因子,抑制了向下延拓计算中对噪声干扰的放大作用,增加了计算的稳定性;利用改进的方法,计算并阐述了4种断裂构造GH场等值线和相位曲线的变化特征;别列兹金重力归一化总梯度法中极大值理论在研究断裂构造中具有局限性,对于无限延伸断裂构造,应根据GH场等值线的走向、形状的特点,结合归一化相位曲线的转折点确定断裂空间位置.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.