The political-geographical aspects of problematic statehood (exemplified by Somalia)

We examine the phenomenon of “collapsed” states by using, as an example, Somalia that is being faced with a vast array of problems: collapse of state institutes, civil war, separatism, terrorism, radical Islamism, and piracy. It is found that clannishness and tribalism of Somali society are complicating the process of political settlement and national reconciliation. It is pointed out that some of the tribes and groups, including under the action of external forces, are actually forming the country’s political space. It is shown that the pseudo-state entities in Somalia are unstable, and their boundaries of “flowing” so that they are incapable of exercising a full control over the territory. It is emphasized that the problem of Islamic extremism can be treated as deriving from failure of the state institutes; the peak of activity and territorial expansion of Islamist groups in the country is now in the past, and the area of their activity is bounded by the area inhabited by the Somali ethnos. It is found that the piracy problem is determined by the geographical location of Somalia, and its solution is impossible without the reestablishment of the state institutes and the economic system of the country. Two potential cores of reestablishment of Somali statehood have been revealed: Federal Government in Mogadishu as well as the Autonomous Republic of Puntland. It is forecasted that the international community will be gradually recognizing the Republic of Somaliland. It is concluded that the federalization of the country as declared by authorities is formal in character but yields first results implying that the negotiation process between the groups of clans has been led into a political channel.     

喀斯特风景溶洞的新发现:江油观音洞

四川江油观音洞是近年发现的一个规模较大的风景溶洞,因拥有酷似中国传统文化中的＂南海观音＂立像的特型石笋而赋名,以丰富的洞穴化学沉积景观和古代火药原材料——硝石生产系列遗迹为特色,属于难得的喀斯特自然遗产与火药历史文化遗产叠加的复合遗产,具有重要的保护与旅游开发价值。从洞穴系统、溶洞喀斯特风景、溶洞古代硝石生产遗址和保护与开发战略构思对其作了简要论述。     

Cloudburst floods in mountains: State of knowledge,occurrence, factors of formation

A detailed analysis is made of the current ideas concerning floods of a special type. We examine short-lasting torrential flash floods, one of the most widespread and hazardous natural phenomena in the world characterized by a high rate of development, and by a short duration. It is established that such floods are in a primitive stage of study, which is testified by the fact that there is no general consensus as to what should be treated as a flash flood. It is pointed out that a special term designating them is also absent in many countries. It is determined that the key formation conditions for flash floods include intense short-lasting cloudbursts, the occurrence of a river basin in mountainous regions and a small drainage area; on this basis, it is suggested that they be termed flash floods. It is shown that such floods are of the most widespread occurrence in the northern hemisphere in regions with a temperate and subtropical climate. We suggest the scheme of natural factors for formation of flash floods and their differences from debris flows and floods of other types. It is determined that the main problems of investigating the formation mechanisms and forecasting the aforementioned floods are associated with the small spatiotemporal scale of these phenomena.     

江汉平原近3000年来古洪水事件的沉积记录

洪水发生规律是洪灾预报的前提,已有的历史洪水记录时间尺度不足以认识和把握洪水的出现规律。因此,利用地质记录延长洪水时间序列,从地质记录中认识洪水的发生规律,显得非常重要和必要。江汉平原江陵地区的洪水地质记录表明,近3000年来,该区共发生了18次特大洪水漫滩事件。这些古洪水的频发与湿冷气候相对应。功率谱分析发现古洪水漫滩事件包含26、31、36、43、52、79、110年这样的周期。分析表明江陵地区古洪水发生的驱动因子可能是太阳活动。     

基于GIS的重庆地区气温空间分布研究

在观测资料的基础上,利用GIS技术,结合DEM引入天文辐射和高程,研究了重庆地区的多年月平均气温空间分布.并采用独立于观测站外的气象哨的多年月平均观测资料进行了验证.结果表明:天文辐射和高程的气温分布模拟,能够较好地反映地形遮蔽对气温分布的影响.天文辐射的引入较好地把地形对气温要素的影响进行了量化,是对气象要素空间分布研究的一次有益尝试,对山区气象要素空间分布的研究有一定的借鉴作用.     

Changes in the cenoflora of dark-coniferous forests of the Northern Baikal region under current climate warming

Calculations of the activity indices and species richness of belt-zonal elements of the flora of dark-coniferous forests have been done in order to reveal the presence of climatogenic changes. It was found that there is an increase in activity of the species of the dark-coniferous belt-zonal group peculiar to these forests. It is suggested that this phenomenon is associated with current climate warming. It is concluded that with increasing climate warming and with the persisting tendency for its humidification, in the lower belt of the mountains there will be taking place an enhancement in the landscape role of dark-coniferous forests through succession from light-coniferous forests to them.     

Orthogonality and mean squares of the vector fields given by spherical cap harmonic potentials

It is well known that the vector fields derived from spherical harmonics are orthogonal over the sphere. It is now shown that the vector fields derived from spherical cap harmonics are orthogonal over the cap, to the same extent as the cap potentials are, and expressions are given for their mean squares.     

Towards inclusion: Local government, public space and homelessness in New Zealand

Abstract:  This paper considers the political and normative dimensions of local government responses to homelessness in New Zealand. It outlines the context for local government action, the approaches adopted by three case study cities, and arguments for rejecting anti-homeless regulations in favour of supportive policies conducive to forging inclusive public space. It contributes to debates over homelessness policy by articulating an approach that integrates regulatory, funding and leadership roles. It argues that in addressing antisocial behaviour in public spaces, policy-makers must eschew approaches which effectively criminalize the sight, and status, of poverty.     

盐湖卤水及其沉积物中微量元素的初步研究

用中子活化分析测定盐湖卤水及其沉积物中的微量元素仍是首次．从其测定结果来看，一般盐湖卤水中的微量元素均高于南极海水和大洋水，并随着卤水的浓度增高而增加着．其盐沉积物中的微量元素均高于其卤水，主要是由于粘土的吸附作用所致．     

青藏高原考察新发现--帕隆藏布大峡谷

通过多年的考察和室内科学论证,发现认定在雅鲁藏布大峡谷顶端汇流的一级支流———帕隆藏布峡谷也是一条堪称世界级的大峡谷（照片１）。就深度而言,帕隆藏布至少可以排位于尼泊尔王国境内的喀利根德格大峡谷（最深为４４０３ｍ）之后名列世界第三而深于秘鲁的科尔卡大...     

The Discursive Regime of the "American Dream" and the New Suburban Frontier: The Case of Kendall County,Illinois

This study examines the current role of ideology in maintaining and reproducing consumer demand for residential suburban spaces in the outer ring of American metropolitan regions. It highlights the contradiction between the promises that are made through the ideology and discourse of the American Dream and the inherent limits of those promises within the realities of a highly dynamic capitalist society. It is argued that this powerful discursive formation has evolved through recent neoliberal times, and is manifest in the suburban landscape in new ways. It must continue to produce simulated images that signify mythologized narratives of the past that cater to sentiments of hope and a better life in the future. At the same time, it works through existing fears and anxieties in order to secure the progressive accumulation of capital in the suburban built environment. Evidence will be provided from the ongoing suburbanization of Kendall County, Illinois at the southwestern edge of metropolitan Chicago.     

Strengthen the Environmental Sense of Local Community with PRA and MIGIS

Foundation item: The Project entitled "A Feasibility Study to Strengthen Participatory Planning Capacity by MIGIS" supported by Asian Development Assistance Facility (ADAF), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New ZealandAlthough the govenunent has paid great attenhon to the environmental improvement by means of policyand inVestment the environmental condihon is aill getting worse in C~ The current environmentalsitUation is chalacterized by serious POlluhoft expanded land degra…     

A Scope and Sequence in Geographic Education,Grades K-12

Abstract

This article introduces the word “LAMPPOST” as a mnemonic device to aid in the instruction of climate variables. It provides instructors with a framework for discussing climate patterns that is based on eight variables: latitude, altitude, maritime influence and continen-tality, pressure systems, prevailing winds, ocean currents, storms, and topography. It focuses on ways to introduce the variables in a logical sequence that provides a smooth transition from one variable to the next. It is primarily designed for instructors with a background in human geography or the social sciences who wish to incorporate elements of physical geography into their lectures.     

生态城市理论研究进展

文章阐述了生态城市内涵认识的变迁过程,对国内外城市生态学与生态城市理论及建设实践进行了较为全面的分析总结。作者认为生态城市是当代城市研究和城市规划的热点领域,是人类最先进的城市发展模式之一：指出了目前国内外这一领域研究存在的主要问题,并展望了生态城市理论进一步发展的前景。     

Historical Auckland on foot

Abstract:  This paper discusses three walking tour guides prepared for the 12th International Conference of Historical Geographers. It argues that the guides are innovative in terms of format, content and ironic sensibility. It construes them as devices for re-imagining Auckland's urban heritage.     

Segmentation of the Housing Market and its Determinants: Seoul and its neighbouring new towns in Korea

This study identifies the spatial pattern of housing price changes and their determinants in Seoul and its neighbouring new towns. The results of a cluster analysis show that the spatial pattern of housing price change rates is nor correlated with housing prices. It is found that housing price change rates vary with the Chonse price index and money supply, building permit area, stock price index, and yield on 3 year corporate bonds. It is also shown that the more apartment units that are built in a region, the lower the housing price change rate.     

冰雪覆盖与气候变化

引言冰雪覆盖是地球—大气系统中一个活跃的成员,也是地理环境中的一个重要组成部分。因此,多年来冰雪覆盖就是地理学家及气候学家的研究对象。冰雪覆盖的变化,对气候有很大影响,小至海冰与大陆积雪的季节与年际变化,大到冰河期大陆冰盖的巨大改变,都在不同尺度的气候变化中留下了不可磨灭的痕迹。     

专业镇发展研究——以狮岭镇为例

专业镇是在行政镇区域内主导产业和配套产业协调发展,产业专门化体系化,形成具有国内外产业竞争优势的区域.它是经济地理学科研究的新对象.它起源于"一村一品"活动,借助民营经济和市场经济而发展,是城镇化体系和县城经济发展创新性增长点,也是城乡一体化的最好表现形式.广州市狮岭镇皮具皮革专业镇是其成功的代表.     

Exploring Economic Development Through Headquarters: The Spatial Distribution of Turkey's Large Industrial Enterprises and Its Implications for Urban Systems

This article examines the distribution of the headquarters of top 500 large industrial enterprises in Turkey. It contributes to the knowledge of economic geography by examining regional clusters of headquarters activity in Turkey. As a country, Turkey's corporations have not been extensively analyzed or integrated into the international economic geography literature especially given the fact that headquarters activities in general are important but understudied in the literature of geography. This study therefore extends the corporate literature further in an international dimension, a priority that has been noted as important in the headquarters literature of geography. It argues that not only does the spatial organization of corporations remain important in urban systems but also that they are linked to the dynamics of local and regional economies within developing countries. It shows that various Turkish cities have distinctive internal structures comprising agglomerations of different industries. Although some of these industries are better performing in big cities, the majority of the cities in the top 500 large enterprises list underperform on average.