利用一维正则化反演进行大地电磁测深数据拟二维反演解释

大地电磁测深的反演问题是不适定的,其反演结果不稳定,且具有非唯一性。通过在目标函数中采用正则化方法,可以使得不适定反演问题具有稳定的反演结果,并改善解的稳定性和非唯一性问题。为了提高野外大地电磁测深数据的处理效率和初步解释的精度,提出了大地电磁测深数据的一维正则化反演进行拟二维反演解释方法。这里所述的大地电磁测深一维反演解释,与以往的解释方法不同,其思路首先用Bostick反演的深度来控制层参数,使反演计算的模型参数仅存在电阻率;最后采用阻尼高斯-牛顿算法进行反演计算,并将Bostick反演结果作为反演计算的初始模型。通过模型试算,结果表明其处理速度快、解释直观,对野外大地电磁测深数据进行初步反演解释是可行的。     

Effects of galvanic distortions on magnetotelluric data: Interpretation and its correction using deep electrical data

The non-inductive galvanic disturbances due to surficial bodies, lying smaller than high frequency skin depth, cause serious interpretational errors in magnetotelluric data. These frequency independent distortions result in a quasi-static shift between the apparent resistivity curves known as static shift. Two-dimensional modelling studies, for the effects of surficial bodies on magnetotelluric interpretation, show that the transverse electric (TE) mode apparent resistivity curves are hardly affected compared to the transverse magnetic (TM) mode curves, facilitating the correction by using a curve shifting method to match low frequency asymptotes. But in the case of field data the problem is rather complicated because of the random distribution of geometry and conductivity of near surface inhomogeneities. Here we present the use of deep resistivity sounding (DRS) data to constrain MT static shift. Direct current sensitivity studies show that the behaviour of MT static shift can be estimated using DC resistivity measurements close to the MT sounding station to appreciable depths. The distorted data set is corrected using the MT response for DRS model and further subject to joint inversion with DRS data. Joint inversion leads to better estimation of MT parameters compared to the separate inversion of data sets.     

Identification and Correction for MT Static Shift Using TEM Inversion Technique

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The resistivity structure of the Penola Trough,Otway Basin from magnetotelluric data

We present inversion results for a 100 site, broadband magnetotelluric (MT) survey in the Penola Trough, Otway Basin, South Australia. The Penola Trough is host to several petroleum reservoirs and has more recently been a target for unconventional geothermal exploration. We present two interpretations of the MT data. A 1D anisotropic interpretation, where anisotropy is determined within the Otway Basin sequence and basement in the northeastern Penola Trough, fits the impedance tensor well. However, the anisotropy strike is inconsistent with the known orientation of electrically conductive fractures in the Penola Trough. On the other hand, a 3D interpretation, which incorporates lateral variations in resistivity, requires no anisotropy yet it matches the data equally well. Both the 1D and 3D inversions resolve several layers within the Otway Basin sequence, which correspond to stratigraphic units defined in wells and in the coincident Haselgrove–Balnaves 3D seismic survey. These include the Eumeralla and Dilwyn formations, which are poorly resolved in the seismic data. The basin architecture, defined in the 3D inversion, in particular the depth to basement, is consistent with previous interpretations based on seismic reflection data that show that the Otway Basin thins in the northeastern Penola Trough. This does not occur in the anisotropic model. We therefore conclude that the subsurface resistivity appears to be isotropic in the Penola Trough. This contrasts with the anisotropic resistivity structure determined in a previous study in the Koroit region, eastern Otway Basin. The difference in the MT responses between the two regions is supported by resistivity and permeability information from well logs and may reflect differences in the orientation of subsurface fractures, or differences in the present-day stress field, between the two regions.     

河北某大型铅锌矿电法资料的计算机解释

介绍了利用新研制的常规直流电法二维人机联做反演软件系统对河北省某大型铅锌矿的激电和电阻率法资料作计算机解释的结果。解释结果表明,采用该软件系统对激电和电阻率法实测资料做二维人机联作反演,可以较好地推断地下矿(化)体的空间形态及赋存状态,为合理布置勘探工程提供依据。     

大地电磁测深数据TE与TM极化模式的对比

在大地电磁测深工作中,由于实际地下介质的非均匀性,所得到实测资料的TE、TM极化模式视电阻率曲线有很大差异,给正确认识和判断实际地质结构带来困难。通过建立简单地堑、地垒及断层模型,并进行正反演,总结了这些模型条件下TE、TM极化模式的响应规律,为大地电磁测深数据的定性分析和解释提供了依据。     

长断面高密度电阻率数据处理解释

为了提高同一测线多个相邻断面的高密度电阻率数据处理解释的效率,这里通过将多个相邻的数据断面进行数据拼接、二维插值及反演处理,最终输出整个断面的电阻率二维反演数据文件,并采用Surfer软件绘图,使得数据分析和解释方便快捷,工作效率大大提高。通过对实测数据进行处理,验证了编制的处理软件可以在实际中推广使用。     

基于解析雅克比矩阵的E-E_x广域电磁法一维并行约束反演

对于野外实测数据的反演解释,一维反演仍然占据着重要地位。提出一种使用探测深度和等对数域剖分的方式来剖分层厚、只进行电阻率单参数反演的方案。反演时,先使用MT反演来建立初始模型,之后采用MATLAB自带的parfor循环和最优化工具箱来进行最优化计算,使用解析法来计算雅克比矩阵,从而大大提高了计算速度。对于实际地电模型,充分考虑到已有的先验信息,通过使用井震约束反演有效降低了反演多解性,使反演结果更加接近真实的地层情况。     

兴蒙、吉黑地区岩石圈电性结构特征

采用具有国际先进水平的二维连续自动反演技术对收集的MT资料进行了二维反演和综合解释。得到了不同地区MT剖面的二维电性结构断面。通过二维反演断面发现了松辽盆地的东西边界较陡,而南部边界较缓的电性结构;发现在火山地区12～30km深度普遍存在低阻物体,为解释火山地区深部存在岩浆囊提供了依据。另外,于桦南—饶河重新实施的MT剖面,其二维反演断面也较清楚地揭示出:剖面西段为高阻特征且具有稳定的岩石圈厚度(80～90km),该区段对应佳木斯地块;剖面中部具有明显的电性梯度带,该梯度带为确定佳木斯地块的东界位置及其深部结构形态提供了依据;剖面东段则揭示了佳木斯地块以东地区浅部为逆冲推覆体,深部为多个高阻块体与低阻条带相间的电性结构。     

大地电磁法磁反射系数在深埋含锰地层调查中的应用 —以贵州松桃杨立掌锰矿床毗邻区的次级成锰槽盆为例

音频大地电磁法是深埋金属矿勘探中的一种常用物探方法,研究音频大地电磁对深埋、薄层锰矿的勘探效果具有重要的理论意义及实践价值。论文首先通过建立典型地电模型,完成了大地电磁正演模拟、反演计算及大地电磁的磁反射系数成像,从理论上提出磁反射系数可以提高大地电磁法的深部分辨率;然后以贵州松桃杨立掌锰矿床毗邻区的次级成锰槽盆为勘探对象,完成了横跨成锰槽盆的音频大地电磁勘探及资料处理,获得了沿测线方向的二维电阻率模型和磁反射系数成像等值线图;最后参考研究区物性资料及钻井柱状图,进行了电阻率模型与磁反射系数成像结果的地质地球物理综合解释。论文的研究成果说明,磁反射系数能够有效提高大地电磁法对深部电性层的划分能力,合理运用磁反射系数开展大地电磁多参数解释有利于提高大地电磁法的解释分辨率。     

太康隆起东段地热资源远景区调查评价与研究

应用大地电磁测深法(MT)对太康隆起东段深部地层结构及隐伏断裂进行探测研究,共布设了4条MT剖面,获得了97个测深点,并对所获得的MT数据的二维偏离度、构造走向等进行计算和分析,采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)二维反演方法对TE和TM模式的数据进行联合反演,得到了可靠的地下介质二维地电模型。研究结果表明,商丘凸起电性结构纵向上具有典型的分层特征,从上到下可分为三层,即低阻层-中高阻层-高阻层。根据该电性结构模型,结合研究区域重力、航磁、地震及区域地质资料,绘制了商丘凸起基岩地质图,同时根据深部基底隆起形成的高阻异常与区域地温场高值区具有较好的对应关系,据此圈定了2处地热异常远景区。     

基于二维NLCG反演的水文地质结构辨识研究

地下水调查是草原水资源合理开发利用的前提,而探明水文地质结构对地下水调查尤为重要。笔者充分利用大地电磁法（MT）和地面核磁共振（SNMR）各自的优点,尝试采用MT和SNMR对水文地质结构进行探测,并通过二维非线性共轭梯度（NLCG）反演解译了电性与地层两者的对应关系;实现了典型层状含水层模型和局部含水层模型正反演试验;通过实测数据反演与钻孔资料对比验证了该反演算法对低阻含水层地质体解译的有效性。试验结果对水文地质调查具有一定参考意义,也为同类数据反演提供了方法借鉴。     

邻近算法在一维大地电磁反演中的应用

总结了大地电磁法( MT)中常用的各种反演算法,并指出其局限性。对邻近算法( NA)加以概述,并将其引入MT反演中。对一维MT合成数据进行反演分析,得到的最大似然模型十分接近理论模型。虽然NA与遗传算法( GA)抗陷入局部极小值的能力大体相等,但NA算法生成的采样点分布密度与误差函数大体一致,因此NA更有利于应用基于积分的参数估值方法。本研究表明,NA收敛速度比GA更快。这说明在一维MT反演中,NA算法比GA算法更具优势。     

Proterozoic tectonothermal processes imaged with magnetotellurics and seismic reflection in southern Australia

Over the last two decades,co-located seismic and magnetotelluric(MT) profiles provided fundamental geophysical data sets to image the Australian crust.Despite their complimentary nature,the data are processed and often interpreted separately without common processes in mind.We here qualitatively compare 2 D resistivity inversion models derived from MT and seismic reflection profiles across a region of Archean-Proterozoic Australia to address the causes of variations in seismic response and anomalous conductivity in the crust.We find that there exists a spatial association between regions of low reflectivity in seismic sections and low resistivity in co-located2 D MT modelled sections.These relationships elucidate possible signatures of past magmatic and fluid-related events.Depending on their diffuse or discrete character,we hypothesize these signatures signify fossil melting of the crust due to mafic underplating,magma movement or hydrothermal fluid flow through the crust.The approach discussed herein is a process-oriented approach to interpretation of geophysical images and a significant extension to traditional geophysical methods which are primarily sensitive to a singular bulk rock property or state.     

一维层状介质大地电磁模拟退火反演法

大地电磁模拟退火反演法是一种最优化的非线性反演方法,与传统的线性反演方法相比该方法具有：（１）不依赖于初始模型的选择;（２）能寻找全局最小点而不陷入局部极小;（３）在反演过程中不用计算雅可比偏数矩阵等优点;通过对各种类型的大地电磁测深理论曲线试算,结果表明模拟退火法能准确地自动反演地电参数（地层电阻率,厚度）最后对实际资料进行了处理,取得了较好的效果。     

Comparative study between filtering and inversion of VLF-EM profile data

This paper discusses the practical use of filtering and inversion in VLF-EM data processing and interpretation. The advantages and disadvantages of both mentioned techniques were outlined to avoid the misleading interpretation of such data in some case studies. Much concern is taken to show the interval distance effect upon the correct depth identification of the anomalous body by either inversion or filtering. The methodology of the study is going through proposing an initial model, generating the synthetic VLF-EM data of the model by means of forward modeling, filtering (Karous–Hjelt filter) and inversion (Inv2DVLF software) of the synthetic data and comparing between the results of both methods and the initial model. The study reached to (1) Karous–Hjelt filter provides misleading depths for his limited depth of resolution and cannot provide estimates of deep targets if the profile is too small, whereas inversion provides exact results, particularly in case of shallow anomalous target; (2) crossover between in-phase and out-of-phase data could resulted from a small shallow conductive target or a large deep one; (3) selection of a reasonable environmental resistivity has an important impact on the inversion process; and (4) the numerical reflection resulted during VLF-EM data inversion could lead to an erroneous interpretation.     

A Method of Improving Seismic Data Resolution：Comprehensive Inversion of Well logging and Seismic Data

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Joint inversion of 2D resistivity and seismic travel time data to image saltwater intrusion over karstic areas

The simultaneous inversion of multiple geophysical data types has been proven to be a powerful tool to both improve subsurface imaging and help in the interpretation process. The main goal of this paper was to develop joint inversion strategies to provide improved resistivity and seismic velocity images for delineating saline water zones in karstic geological formations. The cross-gradient constraint approach was adopted to jointly invert resistivity and seismic first arrival data. The basic idea of this approach is to quantitatively estimate the structural similarity between resistivity and seismic velocity models, using the cross product of their gradients and to achieve a unified geological model which satisfies both data sets. Initially, synthetic data were employed to help develop a joint inversion strategy to be used over such complex geological structures. The proposed strategy uses a weighting factor for the cross-gradient constraints and separate damping factors for the resistivity and seismic data. This strategy was applied successfully on field data from the karstic region of Stilos, Crete, Greece.     

覆盖层影响下圆锥型瞬变电磁Occam约束反演

在地表浅层瞬变电磁勘探中,覆盖层是影响瞬变电磁探测效果的重要因素之一。为了进一步验证覆盖层影响下圆锥型场源装置的探测效果,在瞬变电磁全区视电阻率理论基础上,引入地层信息约束的Occam反演方法,研究了覆盖层不同参数影响下下伏地层的电磁响应特征。研究结果表明:目标层电磁响应强度与覆盖层和目标层电阻率比值有关;当覆盖层电阻率逐渐增大时,目标层反演电阻率与实际电阻率拟合度呈现先提升后降低的趋势,临界点出现在覆盖层与下伏高阻层电阻率相等时;当覆盖层厚度增大时,下伏地层的电磁响应相应减弱,异常区电磁响应峰值出现时间提前,反演后电阻率峰值深度加深。通过加入地层信息约束,下伏地层电阻率与实际电阻率拟合度及层界面分辨率均得到有效提升。研究成果为圆锥型场源野外数据处理与解释提供理论参考。      

基于改进遗传算法的双感应测井反演

针对双感应测井受到泥浆侵入和围岩等因素影响,采用小生境技术的改进遗传算法对双感应测井进行原状地层电阻率和侵入半径等参数反演。利用多层层状地层模型对算法进行验证,反演结果能较好地反映地层模型参数。实例资料的应用结果表明,改进遗传算法反演出的地层电阻率使测井解释结论更加接近试油结论。