GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION INDEX MAPPING IN CHANGCHUN CITY, CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONGroundwater in Changchun City assures about 45% of total water supply. Drinking water supply of Chang-chun City was mostly served by surface water from Shitoukoumen and Xinlicheng reservoirs located in the east and south of the city (ZHANG, 1993). However, with the development of urban construction the ground-water especially from deep boreholes is also used for drinking purpose in suburban areas. The urbanization process in Changchun City threatens the groundwater quali…     

Transport simulation of sorptive contaminants considering sediment-associated processes

Sediment-associated processes, such as sediment erosion, deposition, and pore water diffusion/advection affect sorptive contaminant transport. By considering these processes, we developed an equation to simulate contaminant transport. Erosion and deposition processes are considered as erosion and deposition fluxes of sediment, and adsorption-desorption processes of contaminants by sediment are simulated using the Langmuir Equation. Pore water diffusion is calculated based on the contaminant concentration gradient across the sediment-water interface. Pore water advection is estimated using pore water contained in the sediments of erosion flux. The equation is validated to simulate total phosphorus concentrations in Guanhe estuary in the northern Jiangsu, China. The simulated total phosphorus concentrations show better agreement with field observations compared to estimations that do consider sediment-associated processes.     

于家沟地下水反应溶质运移规律数值仿真

针对矸石淋滤液对于家沟地区地下水污染的实际情况,分析其在含水层中运移的规律,充分考虑了地下水变密度对浓度分布的影响,建立了多组分溶质在地下水中运移的耦合动力学数学模型,采用Galerkin有限元方法和Picard迭代法相结合对耦合模型进行了离散,通过室内土柱实验求得基本参数并对地下水污染的动态过程进行了仿真模拟,预测了污染浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明:污染面积随时间推移不断向两轴方向扩大,且纵向显著;不同组分由于各自特征的巨大差异,受到地下水密度影响的程度也有很大差别;渗滤液浓度拟合误差小于6%,从而验证了模型的可靠性和实用性。     

Diagenesis characteristics and their influence on Porosity and Permeability of sandstone from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field

In order to understand the diagenesis and its influence on Porosity and Permeability of sandstones from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field,aPPlying thin sections,casting and scanning electron microsc...     

地下水系统中砷迁移富集过程的水文地球化学模拟

原生高砷地下水已给人类健康造成了极大威胁。近几十年来,国际上针对高砷地下水已开展了大量的研究工作,但由
于地下水系统中砷经历的复杂物理、化学及生物地球化学过程,使得地下水系统中砷浓度衰减和运移尚不能进行准确预测。在系
统总结前人研究工作的基础上,对控制地下水中砷迁移转化的主要物理、化学和生物地球化学过程(包括吸附/解吸、溶解/沉淀、
非氧化/还原和生物还原等)进行了系统总结。重点讨论了孔隙介质中砷的地球化学反应和运移机制的平衡与动态模型,即批反
应模型、运移模型、反应运移模型,以期为原生高砷地下水修复及高砷地下水开发指导提供科学依据。      

威海市地下水防污性能评价

地下水防污性能评价反映地下水遭受污染的可能性,可以为土地利用规划、地下水资源保护规划、地下水水质监测等提供科学依据。该文采用美国EPA地下水防污染性能评价方法(DRASTIC),对威海市主城区范围内地下水防污性能进行了评价,为政府部门合理开采利用地下水提供了科学依据,有利于地下水资源保护和城市建设协调发展。     

氯化钙对水土环境污染特征分析

某生产CaCl2化工厂因环境问题被停止生产,厂区周边土壤和地下水受到不同程度的污染。为掌握污染土壤中污染因子的含量和地下水受污染情况,布置了土壤采样点和地下水监测点,利用厂区周边已有机民井进行水样采集,通过室内检测、分析研究等工作,得出在厂区周边土壤60~300 cm深度范围内存在Ca^2+,Cl^-富集,鉴于土壤的天然吸附和自净能力,目前条件下,厂区及周边地下水污染状况受影响较小。通过抽水试验、渗水试验和弥散试验,圈定了污染物的影响范围,查明了污染物的影响程度,并在此基础上进行了污染物影响变化情况的预测分析,为后续区域污染地块的风险评估和修复治理工作提供了数据支持。     

地下水漏斗对昌邑-新河相对重力观测的影响

通过分析昌邑-新河测段1991~2019年LCR-G型与CG-5型相对重力仪的相对重力观测数据和测点附近水文资料发现：1)2009~2018年相对重力观测值持续增大的主要原因为昌邑市地下水位下降,水位降低的最大影响可达132 μGal;2)2014-05~2016-03相对重力累计下降72 μGal,并在2016-03~2018-05快速回升,这一现象是否与动力学原因有关尚不明确。     

黄河三角洲南部冲洪积扇区浅层地下水漏斗研究

黄河三角洲南部冲洪积扇区浅层地下水由于长期大量开发利用,早已形成了区域性漏斗群。通过对漏斗区现状特征、形成与发展、成因分析的研究,提出合理有效的防治措施,以摆脱浅层地下水日趋枯竭和咸化的威胁,解决黄河三角洲南部地区供水问题。     

深层地下水SPD人工补给系统

提出了一种新的深层地下水回灌方法———SPD人工补给系统,并通过室内沙槽模拟试验,对该系统和常规的直接井回灌法作了比较。研究表明,利用该系统补给深层地下水,具有回灌水质要求低、补给速度快、补给量多、不易淤堵等特点,是深层地下水人工补给的一条有效的新途径。     

The Effect of Flow on Pollution and Remediation in Groundwater

1IntroductionFlow is the key mechanism by which pollutants are transmitted from one point to another in hydro-geologic systems. Groundwater flow is not indepen-dent of the geological formation within which it occurs. Hydraulic conductivity which is a measure of groundwater flow is strongly related with the am-bient geologic properties such as texture,porosity and topography. These properties do not only con-trol the rate of groundwater flow but also limit the occurrence,hence the dispersion of…     

The Effect of Flow on Pollution and Remediation in Groundwater

Flow, solute transport and pollution remediation through attenuation in unconsolidated porous media were investigated in this study. The variables used in the investigation include soil texture, porosity, topography and hydraulic conductivity. The study revealed that hydraulic conductivity is highly dependent on soil texture, porosity and topography.Hydraulic conductivity was noted to have a controlling influence on groundwater flow and residence time, and the degree of natural attenuation in hydrogeologic systems. Contaminant transport simulated with the MODFLOW Model revealed dominance of advective transport of contaminants in unconsolidated porous media. However, attenuation through sorption (linear isotherm equilibrium controlled) and reaction (first-order irreversible decay) also retarded contaminant plume migration. Thus natural attenuation was found to be highly feasible in clay formations due to low hydraulic conductivity and long groundwater residence times. Though natural attenuation processes including dispersion, diffusion, dilution, mixing, volatilization and biodegradation were not investigated for in this paper, it is shown to be a sound remediation technique of contaminated ground water due to its capacity to destroy or transform contaminants or at least retard their flow.     

GIS与地下水数值模型集成中面向对象法的应用

GIS与专业领域模型的集成面临着许多挑战,其中之一是GIS要适合专业模型的要求。地下水模拟模型需要一个专业的GIS数据结构,同时GIS应用的快速发展,为地下水资源管理提供了辅助决策功能。本文使用面向对象的方法(Object Oriented approach),建立地下水模拟概念模型和适合于地下水可视化模拟的GIS数据结构,并研究GIS与地下水模拟模型紧密集成技术。采用面向对象的思想,将数据、模型和用户接口统一集成到同一个GIS系统中,为模型管理和分析创造了充分的灵活性。     

山东省地下水资源及其潜力评价

通过对山东省水文地质条件、地下水赋存特征、地下水开采现状及其动态特征进行系统研究的基础上,计算评价了全省地下水天然补给资源量、可开采资源量、开采程度和剩余可开采资源量。论述了地下水开采资源潜力的计算评价原则和判别标志,确定了全省主要的地下水资源潜力分布区。     

官桥断块地下水资源量分析评价

在收集利用前人研究成果的基础上,采用补给量法计算地下水资源量,开采系数法计算地下水可开采资源量,通过调查统计获得地下水开采资源量,最后得到研究区地下水的补给资源量、可开采资源量及剩余资源量,提出地下可持续开发利用建议。     

潍北平原高氟地下水的分布及成因分析

通过环境地质调查及水样测试,从地层、气象、地貌、水文地质等几个角度进行了系统分析,潍北平原高氟地下水的分布、形成条件受地质、气候、地貌和水文地质的控制,大气降水在入渗过程中通过水岩作用及淋滤作用将岩石和土壤中氟元素带入地下水中,在蒸发作用下浓缩,最终形成高氟地下水。     

Groundwater system analysis of south Yishu geosyncline

South Yishu geosyncline is 50 km southeast of Changchun City of Jilin Province, where an aquifer is thick,surface runoff is abundant and it has potential to develop water resources preferably. By means of system analysis, the authors analyse the structural characteristics, I/O characteristics, function characteristics and boundary and environment characteristics of the groundwater system, so as to search for a way of optimizing water resources arrangement and enhancing water resources'bearing capacity. Based on the analysis results, the authors abstract conceptual model and mathematical model of the groundwater system. The simulation results certify and enrich the knowledge about south Yishu geosyncline.     

延安城市供水二期工程水源地选区方略

通过对延安市城区及临近地区水资源与水文地质条件分析,排除了就近在这些地区再新建水源地的可能性,接着从延安市所辖县区范围内的水文地质条件出发,在原有1∶20万水文地质普查资料的基础上,确定了未来供水含水层选用白垩系洛河组潜水、承压水及第四系潜水。在分析比较区内的白垩系、第四系富水地段之后,概略计算了这些地段的地下水补给量,并从中选出3个富水地段,拟在此3个富水地段开展水文地质详查工作,作为寻找地下水源的重点工作区。     

大武水源地地下水生物降解烃污染物的机理

近几年的环境调查研究表明,山东省淄博市大武地下水水源地上游邻近石化厂区出现严重的地下管道石油污染物持续泄漏的现象。堠皋—柳杭地段地下水环境在成为集中污染区的同时,水化学环境也发生了迥然的变化：地下水中电子接受体溶解氧、ＮＯ－３几乎未检出,ＳＯ４２－呈低值分布。这是因为地下水中存在微生物降解烃污染物的作用所致,其作用机理包括需氧降解、脱硝降解、脱硫降解以及有Ｆｅ３＋参与的降解作用。然而由于该地段需氧降解、脱硝降解难以持续自行进行,导致生物降解污染物的速度降低。进一步研究生物降解速度,以提高地下水中电子接受体的浓度,增强微生物的活性,将有利于治理方案的制订与实施。