地震多属性预测技术在南黄海二叠系至三叠系沉积分析中的应用

以往对南黄海盆地沉积相分析主要根据地震剖面的振幅、相位和频率进行地震相划分,再结合测井资料得到沉积相分布,而地震属性除了以上3种属性外,还包含着多种与沉积相有关的属性,以往对沉积相的分析未能充分利用这些地震属性信息.目前,南黄海盆地钻井资料较少,充分利用地震多属性信息对南黄海盆地三叠系下统青龙组—二叠系上统龙潭组、大隆...     

南黄海NHH01孔周边地震地层学北大核心CSCD

以南黄海中部泥质区采集的高分辨率的反射地震剖面为资料,结合NHH01钻孔的数据,对南黄海中部NHH01钻孔周边地层进行了沉积与构造分析。在剖面可识别的深度范围内划分出10套地震层序,对地层进行了地质年代标定,发现地层旋回与深海氧同位素曲线相比在中更新世以来缺少了十余个旋回,反映了深海氧同位素曲线在陆架区应用的局限性;在剖面上识别了大量的断层,其中大部分断层的构造活动一直持续到中更新世,揭示南黄海最新一期构造活动一直持续到晚更新世之前;通过分析NHH01钻孔周边的构造,对胶黄铁矿的形成环境在构造方面进行了探讨。     

南黄海NHH01孔周边地震地层学

以南黄海中部泥质区采集的高分辨率的反射地震剖面为资料,结合NHH01钻孔的数据,对南黄海中部NHH01钻孔周边地层进行了沉积与构造分析。在剖面可识别的深度范围内划分出10套地震层序,对地层进行了地质年代标定,发现地层旋回与深海氧同位素曲线相比在中更新世以来缺少了十余个旋回,反映了深海氧同位素曲线在陆架区应用的局限性;在剖面上识别了大量的断层,其中大部分断层的构造活动一直持续到中更新世,揭示南黄海最新一期构造活动一直持续到晚更新世之前;通过分析NHH01钻孔周边的构造,对胶黄铁矿的形成环境在构造方面进行了探讨。     

大陆架科学钻探南黄海陆架区首钻300m选位研究

大陆架科学钻探300m首钻选址于南黄海陆架区,以钻穿第四纪地层为目标。针对钻孔施工要求及后续研究的需要,提出钻孔部署的原则。在分析南黄海陆架区地形地貌、水深、第四纪沉积物厚度、沉积历史及沉积演化特征的基础上,结合调查区多道地震、单道地震、浅地层剖面及钻孔等资料,敲定了井场调查合理区。同时,在调查区对限制钻探工作的地貌类型和地震相进行了分析,最终选定钻探位置。另外,还根据调查区单道地震的特征对首钻300m钻孔的纵向地层及岩性特征进行了预测,为实施第四纪地层全取心钻探提供依据。近日,海上300.1m钻探取心的成功实施,表明孔位选取和沉积地层预测的技术方法是行之有效的。     

南黄海西部海域高分辨率声学地层及其沉积环境

通过对高分辨率浅地层剖面的分析解译,对南黄海西部陆架区进行了声学地层划分。南黄海西部海域声学地层剖面可划分为5套地层Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ1、Ⅲ2,每套地层代表一次全球性(或区域性)海平面变化周期内的海进一海退这样一个完整的旋回变化过程所形成的海侵或海退沉积层序。将典型声学地层剖面与区内钻孔岩心的沉积地层岩性单元对比研究,得到各声学反射层的时代、岩性及沉积环境。并发现依据浅地层进行的声学地层划分与钻孔岩心的地质地层划分有较好的对应关系。结合区内钻孔岩心的分析结果,对晚更新世以来南黄海陆架区的沉积环境及沉积过程进行了探讨。     

南黄海崂山隆起石炭系-下二叠统海相碳酸盐岩叠前三参数反演储层预测

崂山隆起为南黄海盆地的构造稳定区,中-古生代海相地层存在较好的油气前景,但其构造复杂,地震资料信噪比低等缘故制约了油气勘探进程。该文采用类比方法,运用相同沉积演化历史环境的四川盆地测井和地震资料作为研究样本,分析碳酸盐岩储层测井和地震响应特征,建立南黄海古生界海相碳酸盐岩地震相和储层分布特征。根据简化的Zoeppritz方程引入岩石弹性模量,对南黄海崂山隆起地震测线进行叠前三参数反演,获得相对密度、体积模量和剪切模量数据体,沿着研究目的层提取以上3种属性参数进行3D聚类分析,再反投到地震剖面上获得地震相,在地震相的控制下再次进行聚类交互,分别获得各地震相下有利储层的空间分布情况。通过分析,南黄海崂山隆起下二叠世和石炭纪时期主要发育局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和台地边缘生物礁相4种沉积相,相应发育岩溶型白云储层和礁、滩相储层,储层受沉积环境影响较大,但后期的构造运动对储层孔隙也有一定的改造作用。     

南黄海盆地二叠系地震-沉积相分析及烃源岩分布预测

二叠系烃源岩是南黄海盆地多套优质烃源岩之一,多年来,由于地震测线少和品质差,导致对其分布一直认识不清。基于南黄海盆地近年来新采集处理的大量二维地震测线,结合老地震测线和5口钻遇二叠系的钻测井资料,通过单井相分析、地震-沉积相分析,开展了对南黄海下二叠统、上二叠统的沉积相及有利烃源岩分布预测研究。分析表明:下二叠统栖霞组沉积时期,青岛坳陷及崂山隆起西部以台地相为主、中东部以盆地相发育为主;上二叠统龙潭组沉积时期,青岛坳陷南部和勿南沙隆起以三角洲平原相、崂山隆起和青岛坳陷西部以三角洲前缘沉积相、青岛坳陷东北部及崂山隆起东部以滨浅海沉积相发育为主。结合有利烃源岩沉积相和残留地层厚度分析,认为崂山隆起中部及青岛坳陷东北部是下二叠统烃源岩有利分布区,崂山隆起中东部及青岛坳陷东北部是上二叠统烃源岩有利分布区。     

黄河口现代海洋沉积高分辨率地震地层学研究

本文运用地震地层学的知识,结合KDG2和S3钻孔资料,对2002年得到的现代黄河口地区的浅地层地震剖面进行了分析解释,共划分出中更新世以来11个地震地层单元,对每个地震地层单元进行了地震相的有关描述,对剖面上出现的地质现象给予了合理推测和详细分析,并结合相邻的钻孔资料,与全球冰期进行对比,构筑了黄河口地区晚第四纪以来地层的沉积模式。     

北黄海浅层声学地层

通过对北黄海高分辨率浅地层剖面的分析解译,划定了具有层序意义的9个声学反射地层单元或亚单元(SU1(1)、SU1(2)、SU1(3)、SU2、SU3、SU4、SU4(2)、SU4(3)、SU5).通过典型声学地层剖面与区内钻孔的沉积地层岩性单元对比,发现依据浅地层刹面进行的声学地层划分与钻孔岩心的沉积地层划分有较好的对...     

南黄海OBS 2013海陆联合深地震探测初步成果

为了研究渤海—山东半岛—南黄海一线的深部构造特征,利用海区气枪震源和陆区爆破震源探测,于2013年在胶东、渤海和南黄海布设了一条海陆联合深部地震探测剖面。海陆联测剖面包括渤海和南黄海两条海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismometer,OBS)测线和一条陆上地震测线,是首次在南黄海地区布设的OBS深地震测线。文章对南黄海段测线上的海底地震仪数据进行了数据预处理,其中包括地震数据解编处理、截裁处理等,结果表明,此次实验海底地震仪记录质量良好,可以清晰地识别出Ps、Pg、Pm P等多组震相,还首次观察到了来自千里岩隆起带上的P波震相,说明数据处理流程是可行的;再结合地质地球物理资料,初步分析了南黄海不同构造单元的震相特征,为下一步地壳速度结构的模拟及解释工作奠定了良好的基础。     

Well log interpretation and seismic character of the cenozoic sequence in the northern Alboran Sea

Seismic stratigraphic and main lithological features of the sedimentary cover overlying the basement of the Alboran Sea were established via the analysis of commercial multichannel seismic surveys, geophysical well logs, and well data. Six seismic stratigraphics units (VI to I), bounded by unconformities, form the marine sediments that range in age from early Miocene to Quaternary. They are dated by extrapolation of commercial drilling results from the northern Alboran Sea. Volcanic activity is recorded within sedimentary sequences of units V to II. Undercompaction features are detected in the two basal units.     

综合应用模型正演及地震瞬时属性预测薄层展布——以平湖油气田某薄层油藏为例

应用地震储层预测技术检测薄层一直是地震技术中的难题之一,薄层展布能否检测受很多因素影响。以平湖油气田某薄层油藏为例,应用模型正演及与实际地震反射特征对比的方法研究了该薄层油藏地震响应特征,应用地震瞬时属性预测了薄层平面展布。结合沉积背景及单井相分析认为,该薄层为小型河流三角洲沉积体系,沉积相带分布清楚。预测结果与实钻结果吻合良好,为油藏经济有效开发奠定了基础。     

Reservoir characterization of gas hydrate in the Northwestern part of the Ulleung Basin,East Sea

An analysis of 3D seismic data from the northwestern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, revealed that the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) consists of five seismic units separated by regional reflectors. An anticline is present that documents activity of many faults. The seismic indicators of gas hydrate occurrence included bottom simulating reflector (BSR) and acoustic blanking in the gas hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ). By the analysis of the seismic characteristics and the gradient of the sedimentary strata, the GHOZ was divided into four classes: (1) dipping strata upon strong BSR, (2) dipping strata below strong BSR, (3) parallel strata with acoustic blanking, and (4) parallel strata below weak BSR. Seismic attributes such as reflection strength and instantaneous frequency were computed along the GHOZ. Low reflection strength and high instantaneous frequency were identified above the BSR, indicating the occurrence of gas hydrate. A remarkably high reflection strength and low instantaneous frequency indicated the presence of free gas below the BSR. Considering the distribution of the gas hydrate and free gas, two gas migration processes are suggested: (1) stratigraphic migration through the dipping, permeable strata and (2) structural migration from below the GHSZ along faults.     

舟山北部海域海底第四系淡水资源赋存潜力

为了解东海舟山北部海域海底第四系淡水资源赋存情况,本文在系统分析舟山北部海域地质钻孔和单道地震资料基础上,分析了研究海域海底第四纪地层结构与沉积环境,阐述了研究海域海底松散沉积物分布规律,探讨了上海陆地地区早更新世中、晚期和早期古河道在研究海域的延伸和分布状况,分析了研究海域海底第四系含水层赋存状况。研究海域第四系可供开发利用的主要含水层为早更新世中、晚期的第四承压含水层（Ⅳ）和早更新世早期的第五承压含水层（Ⅴ）;第四承压含水层古河道分布区富水性最佳,含水层顶部发育厚层黏性土隔水层区域赋存淡水资源的可能性很大,含水层开发利用潜力可分为开发前景良好A区、开发前景较好B区和开发前景一般C区3类;第五承压含水层在古河道分布区富水性强,具有很好的淡水赋存潜力和良好的开发利用前景。     

Application of multi-seismic attributes analysis in the study of distributary channels

During the exploration of stratigraphic reservoirs, the key to locating these reservoirs is to identify the sandstone distribution. Seismic data can be used to recognize large-scale distributary-channel sedimentary bodies; however, depiction of sedimentary bodies in small distributary channels using traditional interpretation data from seismic profiles is extremely difficult. In the Upper Cretaceous first sandstone bed of the third member of the Nenjiang Formation (called the Nen 3 member for simplicity) in the XB area of the southern Songliao basin, distributary channels are the main sedimentary facies. The distributary channels migrate frequently; therefore, it is difficult to precisely depict the morphology of the channel and the distribution of sandstone. In this study, we investigated the deposition of distributary channels using equal-scale formation plane seismic attributes such as post-stack amplitude, instantaneous amplitude and seismic waveform classification, analyzed well logging data from target formations, and mapped the distribution of distributary channels. This study shows that seismic sedimentological study and stacking multiple attribute analysis can identify the distribution of distributary channels precisely and effectively. The attributes of equal-scale strata slices are evidently superior to those of time and horizon slices; Attribute extraction and selection of equal-scale formation slices is an essential step. The comprehensive selection of seismic attributes that show a good correlation to a single-well can be used to clearly depict channel bodies. The overlap of the 40-Hz single-frequency energy and the RMS amplitude depicts the sedimentary characteristics and shapes of sandstone bodies in main channels as well as small-scale distributary channels more clearly than a single attribute. These attributes show that the first sandstone bed of the Nen 3 member was from distributary channels with complex shapes. The distributary channels cut across each other vertically and laterally. It indicates that, during the deposition of the Nen 3 member in XB area, the direction of the main channel is from north to south, and the provenance could be from north and east. The method of this paper may provide some helpful suggestions to the geologist using seismic attributes to undertake research on sedimentary environment at other places in the world.     

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.     

Seismic stratigraphy and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous Knurr Sandstone lobes along the southern margin of Loppa High,Hammerfest Basin,Barents Sea

The Lower Cretaceous Knurr Sandstone deposited along the southern slope of Loppa High and overlain by the Kolje and Kolmule seals forms an attractive play in the Hammerfest Basin of the Barents Sea. Late Jurassic organic-rich Hekkingen shale directly underlies the Knurr Sandstone and acts as a source to provide effective charge. Three wells, 7120/2-2, 7122/2-1 and 7120/1-2, have proven the Knurr-Kolje play in structural traps, with an oil discovery in 7120/1-2. Prospectivity related to stratigraphic traps is, however, highly under-explored.In order to document and map the reservoir distribution and stratigraphic-trap fairway, the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary package containing the Knurr Sandstone is divided into a number of depositional sequences and systems tracts using key regional seismic profiles calibrated with logs. Mapping of the key surfaces bounding the Knurr sandstone has been carried out using all the seismic vintages available from Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD).The thick massive nature of the sandstone (123 m in well 7122/2-1), sedimentary features characteristic of gravity flow deposits, high-resolution internal seismic reflections and stratal geometries (truncations and lapout patterns), and sequence stratigraphic position of the Knurr Sandstone on seismic profiles confirm that the lobes identified on the seismic section are gravity driven base of the slope lobes. These Knurr lobes and slope aprons were formed as a result of uplift of the Loppa paleo-high in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous times which caused subaerial exposure and incision. The characteristic mounded, lobate geometry evident on the seismic can be mapped along the toe-of-slope and records multiple stacked lobes fed by multiple feeder canyons. Lateral partitioning and separation of the lobes along the toe-of-slope could potentially create stratigraphic traps. The existing 2D seismic coverage is, however, not sufficient to capture lateral stratigraphic heterogeneity to identify stratigraphic traps. 3D seismic coverage with optimum acquisition parameters (high spatial and vertical resolution, appropriate seismic frequency and fold, long offsets and original amplitudes preserved) can allow for the reconstruction of 3D geomorphologic elements to de-risk potential stratigraphic traps prior to exploratory drilling.     

日照近岸海域晚更新世以来地层结构及沉积环境演化

根据在日照近岸海域施工的地质钻孔和浅地层剖面测量资料,对比南黄海已有钻孔成果,系统地开展日照近岸海域晚更新世以来地层结构特征识别和沉积环境演化重建。结果表明:日照近岸海域沉积地层中见含有有孔虫化石的第二海相层,形成年代介于34.3~41.4 cal.ka B.P.,对应MIS3的暖湿阶段,该层位可能与古三角洲有关。沉积层从上往下分别为:滨海相细砂混杂泥质沉积层(命名为DU1沉积单元);河流-河口相粉砂质黏土夹粗砂、粉砂层(DU2沉积单元);浅海相粉砂质黏土夹粗砂层(DU3沉积单元);河流-湖泊相粗砂夹黏土层(DU4沉积单元)。晚更新世以来日照东部南黄海海域主要经历了2~3次显著的海侵和海退,各区域因条件不同表现有所差异:日照近岸浅水区主要表现为两次海侵和海退,东部深水区主要表现为三次海侵和海退,由于地势高低和侵蚀破坏等原因,总体表现为从离岸深水区域向近岸浅水区域海相地层厚度逐渐减少的趋势,部分地层出现尖灭消失。     

希尔伯特?黄变换在浅海沉积体系地震精细识别刻画中的应用

位于马来盆地与西纳土纳盆地交汇处的研究区上新统?更新统发育复杂的浅海、海陆过渡相水下分支河道体系,常规的地震资料无法进行精细识别刻画。通过对叠后地震资料进行希尔伯特?黄变换,提取了地震资料高频分量,提高了地震资料的分辨率,有效识别了薄层砂泥岩交互特征和细微沉积体。通过对高频分量进行瞬时属性提取,明确了目的层段水下分支河道的平面展布特征。与常规叠后地震属性相比,经过希尔伯特?黄变换后的叠后地震资料提取的瞬时属性显示了更多沉积体系的细节特征,为水下分支河道的内部结构、发育期次、切割关系等时空演化研究提供了更高分辨率的地震数据。     

Geophysical evidence for cyclic sediment deposition on the southern slope of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

Gravity flow deposits form a significant component of the stratigraphic record in ancient and modern deep-water basins worldwide. Analyses of high-resolution 3D seismic reflection data in a predominantly slope setting, the southern slope of Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, reveal the extensive presence of gravity flow depositional elements in the Late Pliocene−Quaternary strata. Three key elements were observed: (1) mass transport deposits (MTDs) including slumps and debris flows, (2) turbidity current deposits including distributary channel complexes, leveed channel complexes and avulsion channel complexes, and (3) deep-water drapes (highstand condensed sections). Each depositional element displays a unique seismic expression and internal structures in seismic profiles and attribute maps. Based on seismic characteristics, the studied succession is subdivided into six units in which three depositional cycles are identified. Each cycle exhibits MTDs (slump or debris) at the base, overlain by turbidities or a deep-water drape. The genesis of these cycles is mainly controlled by frequent sea-level fluctuations and high sedimentation rates in the Late Pliocene–Quaternary. Moreover, tectonics, differential subsidence, and paleo-seafloor morphology may have also contributed to their formation processes. The present study is aimed to a better understanding of deep-water depositional systems, and to a successful hydrocarbon exploration and engineering-risk assessment.