夏季黄河入海泥沙的数值模拟研究

掌握黄河入海泥沙输运、沉积的规律可以为渤海沿岸经济发展的规划及环境保护管理提供理论参考。本文基于FVCOM(Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model)建立了三维水动力、泥沙耦合数值模式,利用实测水位、海流和悬沙资料,对模式进行了检验,模拟结果与观测符合较好。利用该模式研究了2007年夏季丰水丰沙期黄河入海泥沙的输运过程,并对渤海悬沙空间分布特征进行数值模拟。模式较好地再现了夏季黄河口入海泥沙的空间分布特征及底部冲淤状况。结合黄河口附近的潮流和余流特征,对悬沙分布特征和底部冲淤结果进行了分析,结果表明:黄河入海泥沙随余流向南和东南方向输运到莱州湾,在莱州湾中部向外海扩散,很可能沿东北方向进入渤海中部。在这个输运过程中,莱州湾表现为入海泥沙向外海扩散的通道。     

北部湾环流数值研究

为了研究北部湾的环流分布特征,使用数值模拟方法,模拟北部湾冬,夏季三维流场流态分布。结果表明：北部湾冬季的正压,斜压流场均由一气旋性环流控制;夏季的正压流场由一反气旋性环流控制;斜压流场未形成明显的闭合环流;北部湾夏季海水斜压性对环流的贡献比冬季的大。     

南海夏季环流机制的数值试验研究

用一个三维、自由表面、斜压海洋模式，通过数值试验的方法对南海夏季的环流特征及其形成机制进行探讨。结果表明，产生南海南部反气旋式环流的主要机制是西南季风的驱动，斜压效应起到了增强环流强度的作用；海底地形和黑潮的强迫是形成“南海暖流”和台湾海峡中东北向流的主要原因，而斜压效应和海底地形是形成夏季“南海暖流”右侧偏西向流的主要原因；南海北部的气旋式涡旋是在黑潮、海底地形和斜压效应等因素共同作用下形成的。     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

南海东北部及台湾海峡环流机制的数值研究

利用１个正压的数值模式研究风应力、黑潮对南海东北及台湾海峡环流的影响。结果为：（１）以风应力为驱动机制时其流态特别是在台湾海峡的流动具有季节性，但未反映南海黑潮分支的存在，在冬季也未见有南海暖流出现，但在东沙群岛附近海域终年存在着１个气旋涡；（２）以黑潮为驱同制时，黑潮通过巴士海峡侵入南海海域，并导致东沙群岛附近气旋性涡旋的形成，另外，模式体现黑潮东海分支，南海暖流及台湾暖流的存在，并表明广东沿岸     

黄海、东海夏季环流的数值模拟

基于ECOM -si,建立了一个垂向取σ坐标、水平取球面坐标的三维高分辨率湍流闭合的黄海、东海海洋环流数值模式 .考虑实际岸线和水深、边界通量、密度梯度力和风应力 ,应用该模式较成功地模拟出了夏季黄海、东海环流 (黑潮、台湾暖流、对马暖流、黄海冷水团环流和沿岸流 ) ,摸拟结果与以往实际观测和研究结果较为一致 ,表明所建立的模式能较成功地应用于该海区环流的研究     

巴伦支海海冰异常对初夏大气环流和东亚天气影响的数值研究

本文利用在ＮＣＡＲ气候模式ＣＣＭ１（Ｒ１５Ｌ１２）基础上改变为用于长期数值预报的ＣＣＭ１（Ｒ１５Ｌ７），以１９９１年５月２日１２时（ＧＭＴ）国家气象中心客观分析资料为初始场，分别以巴伦支海附近海域不同的海冰边界作为下垫面极冰条件，进行了相应相应的月长期数值预报试验。以研究该海区海冰对大气环流特别是东亚天气的影响。试验〈Ａ〉以接近于９１年５月平均冰边界作为极冰边界条件，试验〈Ｂ〉和试验〈Ｃ〉分别对应     

湖区风环流对湖泊环流影响的探讨和数值模拟

本文对北半球大湖中普遍存在的大规模反时针环流的形成,提出了一种物理解释,认为大气在经过湖体时的地转适应过程产生了一个有利于这种环流形成的附加风场。这种环流的强度在一年四季中是变化的,夏季最强,冬季最弱。在此理论的基础上建立了一个三维非线性水动力学数学模型。数值试验表明,风场的有旋性对这种环流的形成起了决定性的作用。计算得到的环流形态基本上与实测结果相吻合。     

渤海夏季环流和渤海海峡水体输运的数值诊断研究

建立了一个基于POM的涵盖渤、黄、东海的海洋环流诊断模式来研究渤海夏季环流。分别进行了风海流、密度流和总环流的模拟。从模拟结果得出:渤海海峡夏季与北黄海的水交换总的来说表现为北进南出特征,但与冬季相比,其流量较小(约5×103m3s 1)且不能深入渤海。辽东湾基本上受气旋式环流控制,黄河口外至渤海湾受反气旋式环流控制。数值实验表明,渤海夏季主要属密度流性质。在渤海海峡的北岸存在一支明显的上升流,而且北部的海水垂向运动比南部要强许多。在渤海中部的纬向断面上,东部的海水垂直交换要比西部活跃得多;渤海海水的垂向运动亦主要是密度流导致的。     

南海冬、夏季环流的三维数值模拟

本文利用一个斜压三维陆架海模式——HAMSOM模式对12月份和8月份的南海环流进行数值模拟,结果为:对上层流场,在12月份,在西沙群岛－中沙群岛海区间呈现一个气旋式环流,在越南中部东岸存在一支南向西边界流,在金兰湾的远海为一局地反气旋涡,在南海南部,主要表现为万安滩的气旋式大弯曲(气旋涡)及在北康暗沙北侧的反气旋涡;在8月份,在东沙群岛－中沙群岛－吕宋岛西侧海域间存在一大尺度的气旋涡,在南海西部主要表现为以西沙群岛南部的气旋涡与金兰湾－礼乐滩间的反气旋式大环流相对峙的局面,同时在万安滩东侧有－气旋涡.由于斜压效应、底形效应的作用,使冬、夏季的南海南部中层流场几乎与上层流场相反.     

基于AMBI和M-AMBI指数的黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境质量评价

The protection of the biological diversity and the maintenance of the regional ecological integrity for the Huanghe （Yellow River） Estuary and its adjacent areas are practically significant and valuable. However, frequent human activities and natural climate changes have caused vigorous disturbances on the ecosystem in these sea areas. An objective assessment on the benthic habitat quality （BHQ） of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas is conducted, using AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate AMBI （M-AMBI） based on the data of macrobenthos in May and August 2011. The results show that both the indices do not correlate significantly, and their assessment results are greatly different. All of the samples assessed using the AMBI were ＂high＂ or ＂good＂, because the ecological group I （EGI） and the ecological group II （EGII） were dominant macrobenthic ecological groups in the research area. Owing to a low species＇ richness and a high individual abundance in some samples, the BHQ levels using the M-AMBI were worse than those of the AMBI. Significant correlations are observed between the M-AMBI, water depth, bottom water salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, thus the M-AMBI could sensitively respond to environmental changes and distinguish influences from uninfluenced stations, but the AMBI could not. The consistent results between the AMBI and the M-AMBI mainly appeared in the uninfluenced （undisturbed or slightly disturbed） sta- tions. Therefore, the M-AMBI is more effective than the AMBI in assessing the benthic habitat quality in the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas. Using the M-AMBI to assess the BHQ of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas, the results show that 3% of the stations are undisturbed and the BHQs are ＂high＂, and 61% of the stations are slightly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂good＂, and the rest are meanly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂moderate＂.     

黄河口海域调水调沙期间大型底栖生物群落特性研究

黄河口海域大型底栖生物群落结构受到包括自然和人为在内的诸多因子的影响,本次研究以2011年调水调沙活动对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响研究为主,分析其短期内群落结构的变化。调水调沙前、中、后期均采用同样的站位取样,分别为1～18号站位,按照距离黄河入海口的距离分为4个梯级,为5、10、20和40km。研究结果显示：调水调沙前、中、后期分别渔获大型底栖生物73,72和85种,重要种的数量分别为13,1和16种;所有种类可以统计为4个门类,为环节动物、软体动物、节肢动物和棘皮动物,其中,环节动物和软体动物占比重最大,而1982年其他学者对莱州湾大型底栖生物的研究显示,棘皮动物和环节动物占比重最大,这表明近30年该海域大型底栖生物的群落结构产生较大变化;BOPA指数显示,前期各站位水质较高,中期和后期分别有2,3个站位受到中等程度污染;ABC曲线分析说明,调水调沙中、后期,大型底栖生物群落受扰动较大;群落聚类分析和冗余分析（RDA）表明,大型底栖生物群落结构与环境因子关系密切,其中,调水调沙中期有机物对群落结构的影响最大,而后期的较大影响因子为水深。环境因子并不是单一作用于生物群落,而是几个环境因子共同作用,包括有机物、硫化物、重金属Hg和As等;不同环境因子造成群落结构变动的原因较多,其一可能是海水透明度的下降造成大型底栖生物的生长和繁殖受阻。本次研究重点表明,人类多元活动从短期和长期看对大型底栖生物的群落结构变动影响均较大,调水调沙活动对黄河口海域大型底栖生物的栖息地作用明显,改变其水温、盐度、群落扰动等。因此,应当加强对该海域入海陆源污染物的控制,加强对海洋生态平衡的保护。     

Response of coastal marine eco-environment to river fluxes into the sea: a case study of the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth and adjacent waters

The impact of the Huanghe (Yellow) River outflows on its estuary was investigated with river gauging and shipboard hydrographic observations. The river flux has been decreasing dramatically; the discharges of water and sediment in the 1990s dropped to 27.4% and 31.9% of those in the 1950s, respectively, resulting in frequent and lengthy events of downstream channel dry-up since the 1970s. There were accumulatively 897 zero-flow days during the 1990s in the river course below the Lijin Hydrological Station, 100 km upstream from the river mouth, which is 82.4% of that in 1972. As freshwater input decreases, river-borne nutrients to the estuarine increased significantly. Concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the 1990s was four times of that in 1950s. Changes in amount and content of the riverine inputs have greatly affected the estuarine ecosystem. Over the past several decades, sea surface temperature and salinity in the estuary and its adjacent waters increased and their distribution pattern altered in response to the reduction of freshwater inflow. The distribution of and seasonal succession in nutrient concentrations in the surface layer have also changed with a shift of river outlet and the decrease in riverine nutrient loads. Furthermore, deterioration of estuarine ecosystem by less river input has decreased primary productivity in the deltaic region waters, and in turn depressed the fishery.     

Sediment transport off the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta and in the adjacent Bohai Sea in winter and seasonal comparison

Based on the data on the current velocity, water temperature, salinity, turbidity and concentration of suspended sediment collected in November 2006 along three survey transects at three time-series, ship-based stations off the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta, and at twenty-four grid survey stations in the adjacent Bohai Sea, sediment transport off the Huanghe delta and in the adjacent Bohai Sea under winter regime were studied and compared with those from the summer season.     

黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化

基于2019−2020年4个季节的6个航次海上生态调查,研究黄河口邻近海域的浮游幼虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,旨在为海域生物多样性保护与重要生物资源养护提供科学基础。结果显示：在黄河口邻近海域,共鉴定出浮游幼虫16类,阶段性浮游幼虫是主要组成类群。浮游幼虫月均丰度以11月最高、1月最低。浮游幼虫香农−威纳多样性指数（H'）夏季（6−8月）高和秋冬季（11月至翌年1月）低。双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫是海区各季节的优势种及浮游幼虫总丰度的主要贡献者,腹足类幼虫、多毛类幼虫以及耳状幼虫、桡足幼虫等是季节性出现的优势种。春−夏间优势种组成更替率高。相对高丰度浮游幼虫主要分布于黄河口入海口附近、小清河口及莱州湾中部。基于浮游幼虫类群丰度组成的聚类分析,可将调查月和站位各分为3个不同的聚类组。月聚类组分别为春季（4月）、夏秋季（6−11月）和冬季（1月）,春季、冬季聚类组的代表类群是无节幼虫,夏秋季聚类组的代表类群是双壳幼虫。3个站位聚类组的组成站位的地理分布交错,代表类群都为双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫。多元方差（MANOVA）和相似性分析（ANOSIM）检验显示,海区内浮游幼虫的多样性指数、丰度、群聚结构等都表现为月间差异显著（p<0.05）,站位间差异不显著（p>0.05）。生物−环境逐步多重回归分析表明,影响浮游幼虫群聚结构的最佳环境因子组合为水温和浮游动物丰度。     

黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的年间变化

为了解黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群落结构动态,分别于2014年、2015年、2017年和2018年的6月利用大型浮游生物网对黄河口及邻近海域进行4个航次的表层水平拖网调查。根据鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布等群落结构特征,运用生物多样性指数、聚类分析和皮尔逊相关性矩阵分析等方法对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的资源分布进行了综合研究。结果表明,4年调查共采获鱼卵3 829粒,仔稚鱼234尾,隶属于7目14科15属。鱼卵的主要优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和短吻红舌鳎（Cynoglossus joyeri）,仔稚鱼的主要优势种为斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）和虾虎鱼科未定种Gobiidae sp.。生物多样性各指数均以2015年最高,2018年最低。利用R语言对鱼卵、仔稚鱼年间种类组成相似性进行聚类,将4个调查年份划分为3组,各分组之间主要的分歧种均为鳀。生物多样性各指数与环境因子之间皮尔逊相关性分析表明,盐度与鱼卵、仔稚鱼生物多样性的关系较为密切。分析认为,黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落分布和多样性的年间变化特征体现了鱼类对环境变异的响应。     

黄河三角洲湿地资源生态旅游开发利用研究

在研究黄河三角洲自然环境演变的基础上,对黄河三角洲湿地生态旅游资源的特征及其生态旅游开发潜力进行了分析研究,并针对黄河三角洲湿地生态旅游开发方式和途径以及开发中应注意的问题提出了建议。     

Studies on the regional feature of organic carbon in sediments off the Huanghe River Estuary waters

Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)offthe Huanghe River Estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical properties in marginal sea sediments.The distributions of OC in sediments with natural grain size and the relationship with the pH,Eh,Es and Fe^3 /Fe^2 are discussed.In addition,OC decomposition rates in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments are estimated.OC concentrations range from 0.26% to 1.8%(wt)in the study area. Significant differences in OC content and in horizontal distribution as well as various trends in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments exhibit the feature of regional difference remarkably in marginal sea sediments. The complicated distribution of OC in surface sediments is due to the influence of bacterial activity and abundance, bioturbation of benthos and physical disturbance. The OC decomposition rate constant in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments ranges from 0.009 7 to 0.076 a^-1 and the relatively high values may be mainly related to bacteria that are mainly responsible for OC mineralization;meio-and macrofauna affect OC degradation both directly, through feeding on it, and indirectly through bioturbation and at the same time coarse sediments are also disadvantageous to OC preservation.In almost all the middle and bottom sediments the contents of OC decrease with the increase of deposition depth, which indicates that mineralization of OC in the middle and bottom sediments has occurred via processes like SO4^2- reduction and Fe-oxide reduction.     

2007 年长江口邻近海域夏季上升流演变机制研究

研究长江口邻近海域夏季上升流强度和空间分布的变化,对渔业生产和赤潮的防治具有重要的指导意义.采用2007年6~10月高分辨率卫星遥感资料 NGSST 海表温度和 CCMP 风场,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解和区域海洋数值模式(ROMS)研究了该海域夏季上升流的短期演变机制及其与 SST 异常的关系.结果表明,夏季上升流强度和范围存在明显变化,是引起该海域 SST 异常的重要原因;风场对上升流短期演变起着关键作用,风应力旋度对局地上升流变化的影响与沿岸风应力同等重要;地形变化影响着上升流中心的分布,陡而窄的海底凸起容易在顺流侧形成较强的上升流中心,并在逆流侧诱发下降流.     

Chemometric study of spatial variations of environmental and ecological characteristics in the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Estuary and adjacent waters

Chemometric approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to examine the spatial variances of environmental and ecological characteristics in the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Estuary and adjacent waters (ZREAW) in the South China Sea. The PCA result shows that the ZREAW can be divided into different zones according to the principal components and geographical locations of the study stations, and indicates that there are distinct regional variances on environmental features and the corresponding phytoplankton biomass and community structures among different areas. The spatial distribution of ecological features was implied to be influenced by various degrees of the different water resources, such as the Pearl River discharges, the coastal current and the oceanic water from the South China Sea. The variation of the biomass maximum zone and the complex impacts on the spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass and production were also evaluated.