一米新真空红外太阳望远镜多波段光谱仪光谱弯曲分析

在太阳长狭缝光谱观测中,光谱的狭缝方向和色散方向应该分别与CCD探测器的两个边缘平行。但实际上,由于狭缝、光栅、CCD探测器的机械安装精度等原因,会造成他们之间的位置关系不匹配,导致得到的太阳光谱总是存在一定的倾斜和变形。即使有时这些倾斜很微小,也会对太阳光谱的平场计算造成严重影响,从而影响整个光谱数据的处理过程。对抚仙湖1 m新真空红外太阳望远镜多波段光谱仪得到的一组Hα光谱数据的倾斜量做了测量和分析,并讨论了其对太阳光谱平场计算的影响。     

太阳光谱仪用探测器的研究

观测太阳光谱所使用的探测器,在选型与使用上有其特殊性。结合云南天文台太阳光谱仪,首先建立了太阳光谱仪分光流量的计算机模型,并通过观测实验对该模型进行了检验。利用该模型计算了云南天文台太阳光谱仪各可见光及近红外波段的太阳光谱分光流量,在此基础上,详细讨论了太阳光谱仪用探测器的选型方案,以及观测中的注意要点。     

云南天文台太阳光谱仪分光流量计算

针对云南天文台太阳光谱仪, 建立了光谱仪分光流量的计算机模型, 通过观测实验检验了该模型的可靠性。利用此模型我们还计算了该仪器的分光流量, 并在此基础上, 对探测器的选型进行了讨论。     

多波段太阳光谱仪改进后的观测软件系统

本文主要介绍在原来基础上对多波段太阳光谱仪观测软件的改造及其功能。     

多波段太阳光谱仪的高精度扫描回转台

为云南天文台多波段太阳光谱仪改造而专门研制的高精度、小步距角扫描回转台能实现对太阳像的自动扫描。扫描时,竖轴的晃动角小于1″,扫描步距角为0.01°或0.005°,扫描精度为0.001°。     

云南天文台太阳光谱仪分光流量计算

针对云南天文台太阳光谱仪,建立了光谱仪分光流量的计算机模型,通过观测实验检验了该模型的可靠性,利用此模型我们还计算了该仪器的分光流量,并在此基础上,对探测器的选型进行了讨论。     

宽波段傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪等光程差采样系统设计

太阳成像光谱探测是诊断太阳大气磁场和热力学参数的主要手段. 傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪(Fourier Transform Solar Spectrometer, FTSS)具有宽波段的优势, 是当前中红外高分辨率太阳光谱探测的最佳选择. FTSS通过采集目标辐射等光程差干涉图, 反演获得光谱图, 等光程差采样的间隔决定了反演光谱波长范围. 因此从FTSS宽波段光谱观测对不同等光程差采样间隔需求出发, 基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)技术, 采用全数字分频、倍频方案, 设计了一套宽波段FTSS等光程差采样系统. 采用分布式余数补偿方法, 有效解决了在参考激光干涉信号倍频过程中, 输出采样信号在输出信号周期间误差累积问题, 并降低了输出采样信号的误差及非均匀性; 经功能仿真及实验测试, 系统在200Hz--50kHz频率范围内, 频率误差delta $<$ 0.04%, 可有效满足FTSS的300nm--25μm宽波段的光谱观测数据采集需求, 为后续可见和红外波段FTSS的研制奠定了技术基础.     

太阳日冕加热事件的多波段分析

随着大熊湖太阳天文台的1.6 m口径的新太阳望远镜(BBSO/NST)的成功运行,太阳观测已经进入了优于O.1″的高分辨率时代.这有助于详细分析单个曰冕加热事件,从而为日冕加热问题的最终解决提供原始的高分辨率的观测证据.利用NST所获得的在中性氦10830 A谱线、氧化钛7057 A谱线和H_α蓝翼(-0.7A)高分辨率成像观测数据,结合太阳动力学天文台上搭载的大气成像仪(SDO/AIA)和曰球磁场成像仪(SDO/HMI)同时观测到的极紫外和纵向磁场成像数据,分析了源自太阳米粒间通道的两个小的曰冕加热事件(磁环增亮)中的磁场演化.发现:这两个增亮磁环的足点都处于磁场中性线附近的一侧,一个磁环的足点伴随着一个小的纵向磁场单元的消失和两个米粒之间新形成的连接;在另一磁环的足点伴随着纵向磁场的微弱变化和一个米粒的破碎.据此,倾向于认为发生在太阳米粒之间底层大气的重联同时产生了高温和低温物质的外流.同时指出高分辨率和高偏振测量精度的光球磁场观测对于最终解决曰冕加热问题是至关重要的.     

Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the 1.6 Meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory

For high resolution spectral observations of the Sun – particularly its chromosphere, we have developed a dual-band echelle spectrograph named Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS), and installed it in a vertical optical table in the Coudé Lab of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. This instrument can cover any part of the visible and near-infrared spectrum, but it usually records the Hα band and the Ca ii 8542 Å band simultaneously using two CCD cameras, producing data well suited for the study of the structure and dynamics of the chromosphere and filaments/prominences. The instrument does imaging of high quality using a fast scan of the slit across the field of view with the aid of adaptive optics. We describe its design, specifics, and performance as well as data processing     

Gauribidanur Low-Frequency Solar Spectrograph

A new radio spectrograph, dedicated to observe the Sun, has been recently commissioned by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) at the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory, about 100 km North of Bangalore. The instrument, called the Gauribidanur Low-frequency Solar Spectrograph (GLOSS), operates in the frequency range≈40?–?440 MHz. Radio emission in this frequency range originates close to the Sun, typically in the radial distance range r≈1.1?–?2.0 R_⊙. This article describes the characteristics of the GLOSS and the first results.     

米波动态频谱仪快速数据采集系统及程序设计

介绍利用AST386 SX/20微型计算机、快速数据采集卡和光电二极管阵构成的512通道快速数据采集系统,以及对太阳米波爆发频谱进行观测和处理程序的设计及程序流程图。     

Temperature of Solar Prominences Obtained with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph on the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory

We observed solar prominences with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory on 30 June 2010 and 15 August 2011. To determine the temperature of the prominence material, we applied a nonlinear least-squares fitting of the radiative transfer model. From the Doppler broadening of the Hα and Ca ii lines, we determined the temperature and nonthermal velocity separately. The ranges of temperature and nonthermal velocity were 4000?–?20?000 K and 4?–?11 km?s^?1. We also found that the temperature varied much from point to point within one prominence.     

Active Region Coronal Rain Event Observed by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph on the NST

The Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) is being operated on the New Solar Telescope of the Big Bear Solar Observatory. It simultaneously records spectra of Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å lines, and this dual-spectra measurement provides an estimate of the temperature and nonthermal speed components. We observed a loop structure in AR 11305 using the FISS, SDO/AIA, and STEREO/EUVI in 304 Å, and found plasma material falling along the loop from a coronal height into the umbra of a sunspot, which accelerated up to 80 km?s^?1. We also observed C2 and C7 flare events near the loop. The temperature of the downflows was in the range of 10?000?–?33?000 K, increasing toward the umbra. The temperature of the flow varied with time, and the temperature near the footpoint rose immediately after the C7 flare, but the temperature toward the umbra remained the same. There seemed to be a temporal correlation between the amount of downflow material and the observed C-class flares. The downflows decreased gradually soon after the flares and then increased after a few hours. These high-speed red-shift events occurred continuously during the observations. The flows observed on-disk in Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å appeared as fragmented, fuzzy condensed material falling from the coronal heights when seen off-limb with STEREO/EUVI at 304 Å. Based on these observations, we propose that these flows were an on-disk signature of coronal rain.     

Model of Spectral Fluxes for Solar Spectrograph

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New Developments in ARTEMIS IV Solar Radio Spectrograph

We present recent developments of the ARTEMIS IV solar radio spectrograph operating at Thermopylae, central Greece. Observations are obtained daily in total intensity and in the frequency range from 20 to 650 MHz, using two antennas and two receivers. We are now in the process of developing a new system that will record consecutively the intensity of right-hand and left-hand polarized waves using one of the antennas and the same receivers.     

Initial Results of the Ichon Solar Radio Spectrograph

A new solar radio spectrograph to observe solar radio bursts has been installed at the Ichon branch of the Radio Research Laboratory, Ministry of Information and Communication, Korea. The spectrograph consists of three different antennas to sweep a wide band of frequencies in the range of 30 MHz ∼ 2500 MHz. Its daily operation is fully automated and typical examples of solar radio bursts have been successfully observed. In this paper we describe briefly its hardware and data processing methods. Then we present coronal shock speeds estimated for 34 type II bursts from May 1998 to November 2000 and compare them with those from other observatories. We also present the close relationship between onset time of type II bursts and X-ray flares as well as their associations with coronal mass ejections.     

Interaction Between A Fast Plasmoid and the Solar Wind

In this note a kinetic interaction process between a fast plasmoid ejected by the Sun, which represents another form of CME, and the background solar wind in the corona is discussed. We consider a system which consists of the plasmoid ions moving faster than the solar wind. We are interested in the time evolution of the ion distribution functions due to wave–particle interactions. Simulation results show that both perpendicular and parallel temperatures of the solar wind ions increase when the relative velocity between the plasmoid and the solar wind is sufficiently greater than the Alfvén velocity of the plasmoid ions. We suggest that this process is significant for the heating and acceleration of the solar wind in the low-heliographic latitude regions near the Sun.