地震应急决策知识地理本体建模

如何增强地震应急预案与地震应急指挥系统的智能性和针对性是地震应急研究的关键问题之一,地震应急决策知识为此问题提供了解决思路,但需要实现地震应急决策知识的计算机建模。文中从地理空间知识角度研究了地震应急决策知识的建模方法。以地理本体为基础,论述了建模原语,包括:抽象地理建模原语,地理建模原语和地震应急领域原语。提出了地震应急决策知识的框架模型,根据不同的知识粒度,将应急知识分为基本地震应急决策知识层、规则地震应急决策知识层和过程地震应急决策知识层。分别论述了其中规则性和过程性地震应急决策知识的建模。开发了城市智能地震应急辅助决策系统,初步展示了地震应急决策知识模型的应用。     

地震应急对策决策支持软件的设计与开发

基于空间决策支持技术,设计与开发了地震应急对策软件,在软件的总体设计、功能模块、数据库建设、地震应急对策模型及接口设计与模块集成等方面进行了研究与开发,并在“青岛市地震应急指挥决策支持软件系统”中得到实际应用和检验。实践证明,该软件能够实现城市地震灾害信息的科学管理,智能制定各种地震应急对策和生动的可视化,从而有效提高地震应急的效率和响应速度,为城市地震应急工作提供了有效的辅助决策手段;建成的“青岛市地震应急对策系统”对全国大中城市地震应急指挥技术系统的建设具有示范意义。     

基于Android智能移动终端的辽宁省地震应急信息发布系统的设计与实现

以地震应急指挥技术系统为基础,利用移动通信和计算机软件技术,采用智能移动终端实现一套基于Android平台的地震应急信息发布系统.本系统通过对地震应急指挥技术系统产出产品进行信息解析重组,将重组后的信息由服务器端向移动客户端推送,最终实现实时在移动客户端自动化展示地震应急快速评估结果、辅助决策意见、地震应急专题图的目的...     

交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法

为了提高震后应急救援工作的效率,开展交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法研究,建立一套反映地震灾害情况下交通系统应急决策问题特点的方法和模型体系,为开发交通系统地震应急决策辅助支持系统提供模型支持,以实现震后交通调配决策的智能化。把双层规划方法、随机模拟方法以及模糊决策方法引入到震后交通应急调配决策的分析中,重点研究了基于交通系统畅通可靠性分析的应急决策优化问题。论文的主要研究内容概述如下:(1)介绍了四阶段交通需求预测方法及震后修正四阶段法,对震后应急交通需求的特征进行分析,建立了震后应急交通需求预测模型,提出了三阶段震后应急交通需求预测方法;分析了路桥单元的地震易损性,给出了路桥单元的震害等级,推导了路桥单元震害指数的临界区间,提出了路桥单元的地震影响修正系数区间,进而建立了震后路桥可能通行能力的评估模型;对路网容量及其计算方法进行了分析,给出了震后路网容量的计算过程。(2)介绍了单元可靠性和交通系统可靠性的基本概念,阐述了道路网络的布局形式及其性能,分析了交通系统抗震性能影响因素;利用不交化最小路集法对震后交通系统连通可靠性进行分析;依据公路服务水平分级标准,定义了震后公路服务水平阀值,引入了蒙特卡罗法,分析了交通系统的畅通可靠性,进而提出了基于服务水平的交通系统畅通可靠性评估方法,给出了评估标准,并构建了交通系统的畅通可靠性评估优化流程;为震后交通系统应急决策方法的研究提供理论依据。(3)科学的应急决策是震后救灾工作高效开展的有力保证,本文介绍了决策的基本概念、模糊决策分析方法以及数据标准化的处理方法;地震应急服务点选址决策是地震应急救援决策工作的重要基础,本文分析了地震应急服务点选址问题的不确定性,介绍了直觉模糊数和区间直觉模糊数的概念,在分析两者之间关系的基础上,定义了区间直觉模糊数的得分函数和精确函数,提出了它的排序规则;构建了约束中含有区间直觉模糊参数的地震应急服务点选址模型,提出了一种基于区间直觉模糊数排序规则的模型算法。(4)建立了基于模糊聚类分析的单服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,并给出了模型的解法;论述了用区间数形式描述地震应急物资调配决策信息的可行性,推导了区间数可能度的算法,改进了区间数可能度矩阵,定义了基于区间数可能度的最优调配系数,构建了基于区间数可能度的单服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,给出了模型的求解过程;考虑到震后应急物资调配是基于时间链的动态过程,假设调配至应急需求点的物资是被连续消耗的,进而建立了基于双层规划的多服务点多需求点应急调配优化模型,给出了双层规划问题的动态优化算法;构建了基于交通系统畅通可靠性分析的配流优化决策方法及体系。(5)引入设定地震法,对交通系统地震应急决策模型与方法进行理论集成研究,提出了基于不确定性分析的地震应急物资服务点选址决策优化方法、基于畅通可靠性分析的震后交通应急调配决策优化方法,并进而构建了基于设定地震的交通系统地震应急决策优化方法及体系,实现了交通系统地震应急决策理论的集成;并以宿城区县乡道路网为研究对象,引入设定地震法,对模型、方法及决策优化理论进行了模拟应用。     

地震应急信息汇聚与发布平台构建

针对震后灾情获取缓慢且碎片化、决策支持不到位、灾情服务缺位等问题,探讨了地震应急信息汇聚与发布平台的设计与构建,运用大数据、云计算技术,汇聚破裂过程、快速评估、辅助决策等各类地震应急产出,实现了各类地震应急信息的自动汇集、全流程模型计算、综合展示等功能,在地震灾情决策支持及地震应急信息服务中发挥了重要作用。     

G.NET技术解析及其在城市防震减灾中的应用

本文介绍了g.net的发展状况和结构以及特征,阐述了g.net的为例,研究了基于g.net的由城市基础信息数据库、震害预测评估子系统、应急辅助决策子系统、抗震设防管理子系统和交互式用户操作平台组成的城市防震减灾信息管理和地震应急辅助决策系统的各个部分的构建方案,从而实现城市防震减灾信息管理和地震应急辅助决策系统的高效性、可伸缩性、分布耦合性和可互操作性.     

浅析四川邻省地震应急信息服务产品——以青海玛多7.4级地震为例

地震应急信息服务产品是震后辅助政府启动应急响应、开展应急处置决策的重要依据之一。以青海玛多7.4级地震为例,结合四川邻省地震应急信息服务产品现状,分析邻省地震应急信息服务产品的具体需求,开展邻省地震应急信息服务,为地震部门拓展邻省地震应急信息服务产品提供思路和参考依据。     

动态地震应急处置方案系统设计与实现

震后地震应急预案与应急指挥技术系统是地震应急的关键,但在多次地震应急中表现出针对性不强等问题。旨在GIS的辅助下,动态生成地震应急处置方案,以改进此方面的不足。阐述了动态应急处置方案系统的工作原理,介绍了系统功能。论述了系统关键技术:模拟地震影响场技术的开发、公里格网地震应急基础数据处理方法与对应的地震应急灾情评估方法、动态处置方案的GIS辅助实现等。本系统在2014年8月3日云南鲁甸地震应急决策中已得到了初步的应用。     

地震应急预案执行辅助系统研究

地震应急预案执行辅助系统以数字化地震应急预案为基础,可加强地震应急信息共享,提高地震应急响应速度和改进地震应急指挥决策的合理性。本文介绍了地震应急预案执行辅助系统建设的总体工作思路和技术方案,从系统构建与业务流程、总体框架与功能设计到基于GIS技术的系统实现等方面进行了探讨,介绍了下一步工作展望与设想。     

空间决策支持技术在城市地震应急指挥软件系统中的应用

将空间决策支持技术SDSS引入城市地震应急指挥技术领域,利用决策支持技术DSS的多模型组合建模方法和地理信息系统的空间分析技术,建构了城市地震应急指挥空间辅助决策支持软件系统。详细讨论了该系统的整体规划与功能实现,并对系统数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库及其管理子系统的设计与开发作了详细阐述,以期为城市灾害与突发事件的防御与应急提供技术支持。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.