国外生态农业的发展趋势对我国西部农业发展的启示

本文从国外生态农业的发展趋势出发，系统分析了我国西部地区发展生态农业的必要性和存在的优势条件以及不利因素，得出生态农业是西部农业的优势选择，并提出了发展生态农业的对策建议。     

南阳盆地丘陵地带生态农业研究

南阳盆地丘陵地带发展生态农业条件优越，但也存在着一系列不利的因素。文章根据丘陵地带自然、生态条件，运用综合自然地理学和生态农业的理论方法，在生态农业布局上，可以把南阳盆地丘陵地带生态农业区建设划分为“三区一线”，并根据各生态农业建设区地貌类型、生态环境争件特点和技术可能性、经济合理性要求，选择不同的生态农业发展模式，确立不同的主攻方向。实行“区线”结合，纵横布局。     

河南省生态农业模式设计与建设研究

生态农业建设是未来中国农业发展的大趋势，全面推广生态农业势在必行。本文根据河南省自然资源状况和地域差异规律，因地制宜地提出了全省不同生态类型区的生态农业建设、发展模式，以及生态农业建设的主要技术环节和措施。     

福建生态省建设之生态农业建设体系总体战略构想

本文在阐述生态农业体系在生态省建设中的作用、意义和指导思想后，系统地阐述了福建省生态农业建设的“四大”生态农业体系和近期实施的”十大”重点建设工程。其中，“四大”生态农业体系具有全面性，“十大”重点建设工程关注可操作性。最后提出了生态农业建设的展望与实现目标所需的保障措施。     

湖南省生态农业试点县生态农业建设回顾与思考

湖南是农业大省，发展生态农业是实现湖南农业可持续发展，振兴湖南农村经济的必然选择，7年来，湖南省5个生态农业试点县（市）生态农业取得了显著的成绩，实现了经济、生态、社会效益的统一和传统农业结构的根本转变；同时积累了丰富的经验，即生态农业建设离不开有关部门的组织与领导、规划和评价体系的制订与实施、高效生态农业模式的建立、科技进步的推动能及资源和生产要素的合理配置。但是湖南省生态农业建设也还存在着一些问题，今后进一步发展应当采取一些得力的措施，如建立健全的调控体系，重视和加强绿色标准化生产，促进农业和产业化、市场化、企业化进程。     

东山县生态农业发展研究

本文在分析了东山县发展生态农业的自然和社会经济条件基础上，提出了5种生态农业发展模式及区域布局和实施发展生态农业的对策。     

东山县生态农业发展研究

本文在分析了东山县发展生态农业的自然和社会经济条件基础上，提出了5种生态农业发展模式及区域布局和实施发展生态农业的对策。     

甘肃省生态农业发展研究

甘肃省显著的区域分异、独特的生态环境、各异的自然条件使农业生产的空间差异很大．这为甘肃发展多种模式的生态农业提供了可能。在分析甘肃常规农业发展中面临的水资源短缺、水土流失、土地植被退化、农业环境污染等农业生态环境问题后，得出了大力发展生态农业，走生态农业产业化道路才是甘肃省农业发展唯一出路的结论。根据甘肃省地域的差异性和生态类型的复杂性设计了生态农业发展的7种模式，并提出了甘肃省发展生态农业的主要措施，包括调整农业产业结构、推进生态农业产业化进程、推广应用科学技术等。     

半干旱区高效生态农业发展问题及对策研究——以陇东黄土高原环县为例

生态农业是当今农业发展的方向。也是区域农业高效发展的必由之路，环县农业存在结构不合理，产业化进程缓慢，生产基础薄弱，生态环境恶化等问题。欲使生态农业高效发展，应把资源、环境与农业经济发展结合起来，采取调整产业结构、建立高效生态农业发展模式、加快龙头企业的发展、加大资金和科技投入、保护和改善生态环境等措施。     

湖南省山地丘陵区生态农业发展途径探析

本文分析湖南山地丘陵区发展生态农业的条件及存在的问题，在此基础上探讨其发展生态农业的途径．     

Exploring Agroecological Sustainability: Unearthing Innovators and Documenting a Community of Practice in Southeast Australia

In this article we describe a movement to regenerate and sustainably use native grasslands using innovative grazing and cropping strategies. We find that this movement has the essential characteristics of a “community of practice” (COP) and is a strong example of a bottom-up transition toward a sustainable agroecological farming system. This COP was identified and described using participatory rural appraisals followed by biophysical and sociocultural studies with active COP members. Using these multiple mixed-method approaches helped characterize the COP’s many layers, revealing how and why it is driven and fashioned by innovators who collaborate via joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and shared repertoire. Holistic Management, Grazing for Profit, and Stipa Native Grasses Association were the key enabling programs/associations for the COP, which, like other agroecological movements, exists on the margins of conventional agri-innovation systems and endures with little public acknowledgment or support. It is a potent grass-roots example of adaptive farm management that generates optimism in the farming families involved, and challenges existing research and extension paradigms regarding both innovation and practice change.     

The Geography of Education and the Education of Geography: Agricultural Extension and the Political Ecology of Education

The spatial nature of learning is increasingly a focus of geographic inquiry. I argue that the spatiality of education, which is where formal learning occurs, has the potential to shape students’ spatial imaginaries. I analyze the role the spatiality of agronomic education plays in the historical construction of the social and physical landscape in southeastern Pará, Brazil. In opposing ways, the first Green Revolution, and agrarian social movements’ more recent agroecological Green Revolution are found to structure agronomic education and spatial imaginaries. The perspectives of agricultural extension agents trained in traditional agronomic programs are compared with teachers from an agroecological school located in an Amazonian agrarian reform settlement of Brazil's Landless Workers’ Movement. I collected these data over 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork. To analyze these data, I employ a political ecology of education perspective, which highlights how education and political economy interact to mediate relations with, access to, and contestations over natural resources. The geography of education and the education of geography exist in a complicated feedback cycle: Education is not neutral but ideologically charged and affects conceptions of productive landscapes, providing students intellectual and economic power to put their visions of landscape into effect.     

以水为中心的农业生态研究——悼念黄秉维先生逝世一周年

本文概略地论述了黄秉维先生开拓以水为中心的农业生态研究的学术思想，理论渊源和方法论特征；追忆其为懈追求付诸实施的实践活动。在华北平原建立农业生态系统试验站，开展以水为中心的农业生态研究，为获取可靠数据，实验力求严谨精确，具有原创性和综合性；试验性质具有明确应用目标的基础研究。从20世纪70年代末以来，在北京和栾城农业生态系统试验站开展了下列研究：微气象学方法研究农田物质能量交换；农田净辐射与热量平衡；水分传输及其驱动力机制；气孔行为与环境因素联系；作物生态模拟和模型；瞬态作物群体光能利用率与水分利用率；水势、冠层温度与气孔活动判别土壤水分亏缺，作物水分胁迫机制及其确定与利用等，在一系列重要方面均作了尝试并取得显著进展，为中国北方农业节水及发展节水农业、旱作农业奠定了理论基础与实践途径。     

城市空间的生产——以近代上海江湾五角场地区的城市化为例

城市地区景观的演变反映了人类活动对自然生态格局演替的人为干扰过程。由于人类活动的强度、频度及方式的差异,从半自然的农业生态景观演化为以人工建筑为主的城市生态景观的过程,可能呈现多样化的面貌。利用GIS技术将20世纪上半叶上海江湾五角场地区的土地利用状况逐年复原,发现其景观演变过程表现为由以农业生态景观为主转变为城乡景观杂错分布,并且这一进程因为各种政治事件的影响而呈现出明显的阶段性及空间差异性。揆诸史实,可知上海江湾五角场地区的城市化与城市空间的生产不仅是上海都市政治的产物,更是近代中国城市化的典型。     

Political Ecology and Cultural Change: Impacts on Swidden-fallow Agroforestry Practices among the Mopan Maya in Southern Belize

Little agroecological research examines indigenous agroforestry practices that appear to be unsustainable, and how such practices devolved from more environmentally sound land use strategies that have been documented by geographers and others. This paper discusses the political ecological factors that led the Mopan Maya to reject a diverse swidden-fallow management strategy for a system where an abandoned milpa provides few forest products. In doing so, this paper explains the process whereby cultural change, in this case rejection of certain agricultural traditions, leads to a less diverse agricultural landscape and ultimately a less diverse biological landscape.     

Adaptation, innovation and domestic food production in Jamaica: Some examples of survival strategies of small-scale farmers

Small-scale farmers' experimental innovations have not generally been considered for on-farm research trials as those in the traditional sector have been perceived as recipients, rather than originators, of technical knowledge and sustainable and viable practices. Yet there is abundant evidence throughout the tropics that small-scale farmers are adaptive and experimental problem solvers, and experts at devising innovative survival strategies. While literature on the topic is rich with accounts from Africa, Asia and Latin America, there is a general dearth of examples from the Caribbean. This paper highlights some examples of farm- and village-level problem solving and survival practices among small-scale domestic food producers in the challenging agroecological environment of Jamaica.     

Political Ecology and Cultural Change: Impacts on Swidden-fallow Agroforestry Practices among the Mopan Maya in Southern Belize

Little agroecological research examines indigenous agroforestry practices that appear to be unsustainable, and how such practices devolved from more environmentally sound land use strategies that have been documented by geographers and others. This paper discusses the political ecological factors that led the Mopan Maya to reject a diverse swidden-fallow management strategy for a system where an abandoned milpa provides few forest products. In doing so, this paper explains the process whereby cultural change, in this case rejection of certain agricultural traditions, leads to a less diverse agricultural landscape and ultimately a less diverse biological landscape.     

Counting Beans: Agrobiodiversity,Indigeneity, and Agrarian Reform

In‐field conservation of locally domesticated crop varieties ameliorates agrobiodiversity losses, but the interaction among nationally regulated socioeconomic factors at the local scale tends to discourage this. Analyses of household surveys conducted in Ecuador demonstrate that state and nongovernmental institutions interact to discourage cultivation of locally domesticated varieties of beans (Phaseolus spp.). Land privatization, agricultural extension, and credit programs favor market production of introduced modern bean varieties, and locally domesticated varieties are noted for favorable nutrition, culinary, and agroecological qualities. Resolving disconnections between the market and social values for landrace beans may provide agrobiodiversity conservation opportunities.     

Back To The Future Of Political Geography: A Rejoinder To O'Tuathail

Abstract

In-field conservation of locally domesticated crop varieties ameliorates agrobiodiversity losses, but the interaction among nationally regulated socioeconomic factors at the local scale tends to discourage this. Analyses of household surveys conducted in Ecuador demonstrate that state and nongovernmental institutions interact to discourage cultivation of locally domesticated varieties of beans (Phaseolus spp.). Land privatization, agricultural extension, and credit programs favor market production of introduced modern bean varieties, and locally domesticated varieties are noted for favorable nutrition, culinary, and agroecological qualities. Resolving disconnections between the market and social values for landrace beans may provide agrobiodiversity conservation opportunities.     

Six decades of agricultural land use change in Bangladesh: Effects on crop diversity,productivity, food availability and the environment, 1948–2006

This paper provides a detailed analysis of agricultural land use change in Bangladesh over a 59‐year period (1948–2006) and examines how these have impacted crop diversity, productivity, food availability and the environment. The key findings of the analysis are: first, land use intensity has increased significantly over this period, mainly from the widespread adoption of a rice‐based Green Revolution technology package beginning in the early 1960s; second, contrary to expectation, crop diversity too has increased; third, although land productivity has increased significantly, declines in the productivity of fertilizers and pesticides raise doubts over sustaining agricultural growth; fourth, food availability has improved, with a reversal in the dietary energy imbalance in recent years despite a high population growth rate; and finally, the production environment has suffered with widespread soil nutrient depletion experienced in many agroecological regions. The policy implication points towards crop diversification as a desired strategy for agricultural growth to improve resource economy, productivity and efficiency in farming in Bangladesh.