横向各向同性弹性地层井孔中模式波的探测深度

研究了横向各向同性(TI)弹性地层充液井孔中模式波的频散曲线和灵敏度曲线。结果显示:弯曲波对地层中垂直向传播的横波速度比较敏感,而斯通利波对地层中水平向传播的横波速度较灵敏;在慢速地层中,从斯通利波(或弯曲波)对不同径向位置和不同波数下水平向 (或垂直向) 传播的横波速度的灵敏度曲线上可知,斯通利波的探测深度在整个计算频段约为1.5个井眼半径(距井壁距离),弯曲波的探测深度相对较深,但受波数影响大:在较低波数时,其探测深度约为4个井眼半径,较高波数时约为1.5个;在快速地层中,由于受井内流体的影响较大,弯曲波在较高波数时探测深度稍有下降,但斯通利波对地层性质的敏感程度明显降低甚至消失。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷含气孔、裂隙火成岩地层斯通利波响应特征

为了有效地识别和评价裂缝性地层,对辽河盆地东部凹陷地区含气孔、裂隙地层的单极子阵列声波测井数据进行了斯通利波波场分离（中值滤波）和希尔伯特黄变换（HHT）。研究表明：裂隙和油气通常会使斯通利波的能量衰减（主要发生在高频）、主频下降和到时滞后,这三者具有相关性;裂隙会使反射斯通利波能量增强,反射系数变大;高频和低频斯通利波的比值简称为能量比,能量比接近零时对应渗透性裂隙地层,能量比较小但有一定数值时可能对应渗透性孔隙地层;固有模态函数保留了原始数据固有的物理特性,HHT幅值谱从时间和频率两个方面突出了阵列声波的动力特性。实测数据的傅里叶变换和HHT均能对储层性质进行一定的评价,HHT放大了阵列声波信号对于地层性质的敏感程度,易于研究的分析对比。     

软地层中斜拉群锚特性的研究

为了研究上海地区土层锚杆的群锚效应，本文以明德林（Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ）解为基础，通过引用根据试验所得的锚杆非线性传递函数，对软地层中斜拉锚杆的长度、间距、入土深度、压浆等因素对群锚效应的影响进行了探讨，得出一些有价值的结果。     

东昆仑三叠系一个不可忽视的地层单位——希里可特组

东昆仑三叠系的希里可特组为一大套具活动类型的重力流浊积扇体沉积,具有特定的岩性、生物群、岩相和构造背景。加强对该地层单位再认识,对深化东昆仑地区三叠系以及印支运动的研究,都具有重要作用。     

陆相地层的层序地层学:层序的特征与模式

陆相地层的层序地层学研究近年来取得了较大的进展,尤其在层序的组成、层序界线和最大洪泛面的识别以及层序模式的建立等方面研究得比较深入。层序地层的组成包括层序组合和层序的内部单元。层序界线和最大洪泛面的识别是陆相地层层序地层学研究的关键。目前已初步建立了箕状断陷盆地、坳陷盆地以及冲积地层背景的层序模式。     

海南岛保亭县南好地区特列奇期地层层序的厘定

过去报道的来自海南岛南好地区南好组选层型剖面、创名地化石点等处早石炭世腕足类实为志留纪化石。在该组多个化石点发现腕足类、珊瑚、三叶虫及软骨鱼类等化石,这些化石组合指示地质时代为志留纪兰多维列世特列奇中晚期,南好组一名应予废弃。依据岩石组合、基本层序等重新厘定了志留纪足赛岭组地层层序,将足赛岭组划分为4个岩性段,代表志留纪兰多维列世特列奇中晚期的沉积。     

既有建筑对极软岩地层中土压盾构的施工影响

基于土压盾构在极软岩地层中近距离下穿既有建筑的背景,采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟与现场实测相结合的方法,从地表和建筑物竖向位移变化及其控制的角度出发研究既有建筑对盾构施工的影响.实测结果表明:地表和建筑物在盾构下穿过程中会呈现出先隆起后沉降的趋势,其中在盾尾脱出阶段地表和建筑物会产生较大速率的沉降.数值模拟结果表明:...     

斜入射线弹性节理应力波传播特征的数值模拟

依据弹性波理论,应力波斜入射线弹性节理时会发生波场分解。根据入射、透射及反射各波形的不同到时,运用离散元软件UDEC模拟应力波在含倾斜节理岩体中的传播并计算其透射、反射系数,并分析其波型转换规律。应力波斜入射单节理时,模拟得到的透射、反射系数随节理刚度、入射角度的变化规律,与已有的理论解是吻合的。应力波斜入射一组平行节理时,随着节理间距的增大,其同类波的透射系数Tpp、Tss先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定值;节理条数越多,Tpp、Tss越小。此外,不同条数的节理,透射系数达到最大值的临界节理间距值基本一致,但趋于稳定时的节理间距值随节理条数的增加而逐渐增大。     

合肥盆地安参1井前侏罗纪基底地层的孢粉组合特征与时代归属

大别山北缘的安参1井是合肥盆地最深的一口参数井,钻遇前侏罗纪基底地层达千米以上,为一套不含煤层(线)或灰岩以泥岩为主的地层,与周缘华北陆块和大别造山带等构造单元的地层对比困难。因缺少宏观化石记录和明确的定年依据,其时代归属一直存在争议,制约了对这一套特殊地层所反映的地质信息的进一步挖掘。为进一步明确该套特殊地层的地质时代,本项研究对安参1井4160~5152m井段大量岩心和岩屑样品进行了微古化石分析,在其中5块样品中发现了保存良好的孢粉化石647粒,共计23属51种及部分未定种。根据对孢粉化石的类型、属种和含量的分析,将其自下而上划分为两个孢粉化石组合:Ⅰ.Densosporites reynoldburgensisLaevigatosporites perminutus;Ⅱ.Triquitrites-Macrotorispora media。孢粉组合Ⅰ中蕨类植物孢子以平均含量87.67%占绝对优势,代表分子有Laevigatosporites perminutus,Lycospora rotunda,Patellisporites meishanesis等,裸子植物花粉均为单囊粉属Florinites;孢粉组合Ⅱ中,蕨类植物孢子平均含量降低至53.78%,其中蕨类孢子Lycospora rotunda消失,Leiotriletes adnatus,Triquitrites,Crassipora等含量下降,并有特征分子大一头沉孢属Macrotorispora出现,裸子植物花粉含量和丰富度明显增加,以柯达粉属Cordaitina为主。经过与华北其他地区孢粉组合特征的对比分析,上述两个孢粉组合分别与华北陆块晚古生代二叠系太原组和上石盒子组具有明确的相似性,与早期和中晚期华夏植物群面貌相一致,反映了裸子植物逐渐繁盛、属种越来越丰富的过程,孢粉组合Ⅰ和Ⅱ的地质时代分别为晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期和晚二叠世,为安参1井前侏罗纪基底存在石炭—二叠系提供了直接证据,也为合肥盆地沉积环境和古气候分析提供了新资料。     

非饱和土中Rayleigh波的传播特性分析

基于对非饱和多孔介质的研究成果,考虑孔隙中液相和气相的相互影响,研究了非饱和土地基中Rayleigh波的传播特性。通过非饱和土中固相、液相和气相的质量平衡方程、动量平衡方程和非饱和土有效应力原理,建立了问题的弹性波动方程。通过引入势函数及考虑自由透水（透气）的边界条件,经过理论推导给出了非饱和土中Rayleigh波的弥散特征方程。通过数值算例分析了Rayleigh波的波速和衰减系数随饱和度、频率和固有渗透系数等因素的变化规律。结果表明：不同饱和度下波速随频率和固有渗透系数的变化均是先不变,然后小幅下降,再急剧增加,最后趋于一致;衰减系数在不同饱和度下随频率的增大而增大,随固有渗透系数的增大而先增大后减小。     

深部地质钻探钻遇弱面地层井孔围岩稳定分析

深部地层地质条件复杂,随钻探向纵深发展,钻遇弱面地层导致井孔围岩失稳将严重影响工程进程。本文总结分析具有弱面地层岩石物理力学特性,探讨强度各向异性孔壁围岩稳定模型的适用性;考虑流体向弱面渗透存在渗透各向异性和传热各向异性,发展了具有弱面地层井孔围岩稳定理论。研究发现,某些强度各向异性模型在特定情况下可能失去其适用性;在深部高温环境下忽略弱面地层渗透和热传的各向异性特征可能会导致井孔围岩压力、破坏区域以及坍塌压力产生较大误差。     

双层非饱和地基中Rayleigh波的传播特性

研究了双层非饱和地基中Rayleigh波(以下简称R波)的传播特性问题。首先将迂曲度引入孔隙流体的渗流连续性方程,对三相孔隙介质波动方程进行修正,接着采用体波的势函数之和构建各相介质的势函数,并借助Helmholtz分解,以及考虑土层边界条件和层间连续性条件,建立了R波的弥散特征方程,分析了饱和度、迂曲度和上覆土层厚度等参数与波速和衰减性的关系。结果表明,R波波速随饱和度的增加而线性减小;在渗透系数中间区段,则随着固有渗透系数k的增大而增大;水力迂曲度τ_f对波速的影响主要体现在高频区段,而空气迂曲度τ_a的影响则非常有限;对于上软下硬地层,覆盖层厚度的增加将引起波速的减小,并逐渐趋于上覆土层本身的R波波速;且频率越高或表面层刚度越低,趋近速度越快。     

An analytical approach for cased borehole stress calculation in general anisotropic formations

We present an explicit analytical approach for calculating the distribution of stress around a circular cased borehole in a general anisotropic formation. This approach is developed based on a pure elastic cased borehole model, which can include multiple cemented concentric casing strings that are surrounded by a homogeneous anisotropic medium. The wall of the innermost casing is under the compression of borehole internal fluid pressure, and the formation can be subjected to arbitrary far‐field stresses. Every casing–cement boundary is assumed to be welded, so as the cement–formation boundary. The derived analytical solution can be applied to an arbitrary wellbore trajectory in an arbitrary anisotropic formation and is also applicable to degenerate isotropic formations. Accuracy and robustness of the analytical solution is validated through comparing its results with those calculated from the classical Kirsch solution for an isotropic example that has identical elastic properties for all materials and from a finite element method for an anisotropic cased borehole example.     

Surface waves in a cylindrical borehole through partially-saturated porous solid

Propagation of surface waves is discussed in a cylindrical borehole through a liquid-saturated porous solid of infinite extent. The porous medium is assumed to be a continuum consisting of a solid skeletal with connected void space occupied by a mixture of two immiscible inviscid fluids. This model also represents the partial saturation when liquid fills only a part of the pore space and gas bubbles span the remaining void space. In this isotropic medium, potential functions identify the existence of three dilatational waves coupled with a shear wave. For propagation of plane harmonic waves along the axially-symmetric borehole, these potentials decay into the porous medium. Boundary conditions are chosen to disallow the discharge of liquid into the borehole through its impervious porous walls. A dispersion equation is derived for the propagation of surface waves along the curved walls of no-liquid (all gas) borehole. A numerical example is studied to explore the existence of cylindrical waves in a particular model of the porous sandstone. True surface waves do not propagate along the walls of borehole when the supporting medium is partially saturated. Such waves propagate only beyond a certain frequency when the medium is fully-saturated porous or an elastic one. Dispersion in the velocity of pseudo surface waves is analysed through the changes in consolidation, saturation degree, capillary pressure or porosity.     

Propagation of Rayleigh waves in unsaturated porothermoelastic media

Based on the frame of elastic theory for unsaturated porous medium, considering the influence of thermal effect, the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh wave in unsaturated porous media are studied. Firstly, the thermoelastic wave equations for three-phase porous media are established, in which the mass balance equations, generalized Darcy law, momentum balance equations, and generalized non-Fourier heat conduction law are taken into account. Secondly, through theoretical derivation, the dispersion equation of Rayleigh wave for unsaturated porothermoelastic media is given by introducing the potential functions. Finally, the variations of the phase velocity of Rayleigh wave are analyzed with numerical examples. The results show that the thermal conductivity has little effect on the phase velocity of Rayleigh wave. The phase velocity of Rayleigh wave increase with increasing of the thermal expansion coefficient and media temperature.     

松软、松散及易溶地层钻进取心技术

松软、松散及易溶地层钻进时,岩心容易冲蚀、溶蚀,扰动性较大,常规钻进方法难以保证岩心采取质量。近年来,我国已在复杂地层取心及机具研究方面取得了长足的发展,目前国内常用的不扰动保真取心(样)钻具有:三重管取心钻具、单动双管半合管取心钻具和活塞式取心钻具等,配合使用特殊的钻头及钻进取心工艺,能够采取原状不扰动样,在国内多个...     

周老镇钻孔砾石层重矿物特征及地质意义

利用江汉平原周老镇钻孔的岩心样品,分析研究了钻孔岩心沉积物10层砾石层中填充物的重矿物组分及分布特征。结果显示周老镇钻孔10个砾石层自下而上可以分为3个矿物段。对比3个阶段稳定重矿物、非稳定重矿物的变化特征:阶段Ⅰ、阶段Ⅱ,沉积物主要以近源物质为主,含有少量的远源物质;而阶段Ⅲ,沉积物主要以远源物质为主,含有少量的近源物质。结合周老镇钻孔岩性及钻孔砾石含量和江汉平原第四系岩相剖面特征,判断在阶段Ⅲ,深度112.30～109.05m(1.17～1.12MaB.P.)处,钻孔沉积环境发生了重大改变,江汉平原水系发生重要调整,长江三峡贯通形成。     

Propagation of non-stationary random waves in viscoelastic stratified solids

This paper covers propagation of non-stationary random waves in stratified materials. The layered solid considered is located above the bedrock, whose material properties are assumed to be much stiffer than the solid, and known power spectrum densities of the non-stationary random excitations are input at the bedrock. The governing differential equations are derived in the frequency and wavenumber domain and the response power spectrum densities of the ground are investigated. The solution method presented uses the pseudo-excitation method in combination with the precise integration method and the extended Wittrick–Williams algorithm. The examples have up to three layers.