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1.
Hang Li Dahua Li Tangfu Xiao Libin He Zengping Ning Jialong Sun Changsheng Zhu Yan Shuang 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):21-27
The Jinding Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan Province is the representative of a Cd-enriched area and mining activities lead to the release of Cd into the hypergenic ecosystem, resulting in Cd pollution. The concentrations of Cd vary greatly from one type to another type of rocks in the mining district. In the host rock, Cd concentrations range from 50×10^-6 to 650×10^-6 with an average of 310×10^-6. In primary ores, Cd concentrations range from 14×10^-6 to 2800×10^-6 with an average of 767×10^-6. However, in oxidized ores, Cd concentrations are highest, varying within the range of 110×10^-6 to 8200×10^-6 , averaging 1661×10^-6. It is shown that the oxidized ores are the main carder and environmental source of Cd. Leaching test showed that Pb/Zn ores are easy to oxidize and thereafter release Cd and other harmful elements. These leached elements in the leachate may be precipitated rapidly in the order of Zn〉Pb〉Cd. As for the concentration distribution of Cd in the Bijiang River, it is estimated to be 15.7 μg/L Cd in water, 49.3 mg/L in suspended substances, and 203.7 mg/L in sediments. The average value of Cd in soil from the polluted area is 83.0 mg/kg. Natural weathering of Cd-rich rocks and minerals imposes a potential environmental risk on the aquatic ecosystem of the Bijiang catchment. 相似文献
2.
Determination of Free Cd,Cu and Zn Concentrations in Lake Waters by In Situ Diffusion Followed by Column Equilibration Ion-exchange 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Combining in situ diffusion and column ion-exchange equilibration, we measured free metal ion concentrations (Cd, Cu and Zn)
in water samples collected from the epilimnion of 14 lakes in the Rouyn-Noranda area (600 km north-west of Montreal, QC, Canada).
Lakes were selected to represent a wide range of physico-chemical characteristics (hardness, pH, dissolved organic matter—DOM,
degree of metal contamination), to determine the influence of these parameters on metal speciation. Total dissolved metal
concentrations, as determined within the diffusion cells, varied over one to two orders of magnitude: [Cd] 0.19–2.9 nM; [Cu]
36–190 nM; [Zn] 7–2,800 nM. The proportion of total dissolved metal present as free Cd2+ and Zn2+ was relatively constant for the 14 selected lakes, despite the wide pH (4.5–8) and DOM (3–23 mg C/L) ranges, probably reflecting
the inverse relationship observed between pH and DOM; this proportion did, however, vary with DOM and pH for Cu. Our experimental
free metal ion concentrations were compared with those calculated with the thermodynamic models WHAM (Windermere Humic Aqueous
Model VI) and ECOSAT 4.7 (incorporating the NICA-Donnan model). Measured and calculated values were in reasonable agreement
for both Cd and Zn although measured values were generally slightly higher, i.e. less than one order of magnitude. For several
lakes, measured free Cu concentrations were, however, much higher than the calculated values, suggesting that these models
overestimate Cu complexation. The gap between measured and calculated free metal ion concentration becomes more important
as the total metal concentration decreases and as pH increases. 相似文献
3.
The accepted standard state entropy of titanite (sphene) has been questioned in several recent studies, which suggested a
revision from the literature value 129.3 ± 0.8 J/mol K to values in the range of 110–120 J/mol K. The heat capacity of titanite
was therefore re-measured with a PPMS in the range 5 to 300 K and the standard entropy of titanite was calculated as 127.2
± 0.2 J/mol K, much closer to the original data than the suggested revisions. Volume parameters for a modified Murgnahan equation
of state: V
P,T
= V
298° × [1 + a°(T − 298) − 20a°(T − 298)] × [1 – 4P/(K
298 × (1 – 1.5 × 10−4 [T − 298]) + 4P)]1/4 were fit to recent unit cell determinations at elevated pressures and temperatures, yielding the constants V
298° = 5.568 J/bar, a° = 3.1 × 10−5 K−1, and K = 1,100 kbar. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of titanite, −2456.2 kJ/mol (∆H°f = −2598.4 kJ/mol) was calculated from the new entropy and volume data combined with data from experimental reversals on the
reaction, titanite + kyanite = anorthite + rutile. This value is 4–11 kJ/mol less negative than that obtained from experimental
determinations of the enthalpy of formation, and it is slightly more negative than values given in internally consistent databases.
The displacement of most calculated phase equilibria involving titanite is not large except for reactions with small ∆S. Re-calculated baric estimates for several metamorphic suites yield pressure differences on the order of 2 kbar in eclogites
and 10 kbar for ultra-high pressure titanite-bearing assemblages. 相似文献
4.
Assessment of heavy-metal contamination of floodplain soils due to mining and mineral processing in the Harz Mountains, Germany 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
2 study area was assessed with respect to its heavy-metal load on the basis of the current guideline values. The heavy-metal
loads of the soils in the study area have ranges of <0.2–200 mg kg−1 for Cd, <10–30,000 mg kg−1 for Pb, 7–10,000 mg kg−1 for Cu and 50–55,000 mg kg−1 for Zn. Mobility of the heavy metals was determined by extraction at different pH values. The acid neutralisation capacity
(ANCx) at these pH values was also determined to estimate the probability that the pH can drop to pH=x. The ANC values in the study area ranged from 6 to 3000 mmol H+ kg−1, from −33 to 800 mmol H+ kg−1 and from −74 to 160 mmol H+ kg−1 for ANC3.5, ANC5.0 and ANC6.2, respectively. Together with pedological data, the extraction experiments permit differentiation between soil units that
have been placed in the same environmental hazard class on the basis of total heavy-metal loads.
Received: 10 August 1998 · Accepted: 14 August 1999 相似文献
5.
Unit-cell dimensions of a natural phlogopite from Pargas, Finland, have been determined in the temperature interval of 27–1050 °C
by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Expansion rates vary discontinuously with temperature with a break at 412 °C. Below
this temperature, the linear expansions (α) for a, b and c axis lengths are 3.74 × 10−5 K−1, 1.09 × 10−5 K−1, and 1.19 × 10−5 K−1, respectively, and above that they are 0.86 × 10−5 K−1, 0.80 × 10−5 K−1, and 1.93 × 10−5 K−1. The volume thermal expansion coefficients are 6.26 × 10−5 K−1 and 3.71 × 10−5 K−1 for low-temperature and high-temperature intervals, respectively. The observed kink in the rate of thermal expansions with
temperature could be due to the different mode of structural changes. Thermogravimetric analysis of the sample indicates the
oxidation of iron in the temperature range of 500–600 °C and dehydroxylation as well as decomposition of phlogopite in the
temperature range of 900–1200 °C.
Received: 8 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 February 2000 相似文献
6.
The rare-earth element (REE) concentrations of representative granite samples from the southeast of the Obudu Plateau, Nigeria, were analyzed with an attempt to determine the signatures of their source, evolutionary history and tectonic setting. Results indicated that the granites have high absolute REE concentrations (190×10^-6-1191×10^-6; av.=549×10^-6) with the chondrite-normalized REE patterns characterized by steep negative slopes and prominent to slight or no negative Eu anomalies. All the samples are also characterized by high and variable concentrations of the LREE (151×10^-6-1169×10^-6; av.= 466×10^-6), while the HREE show low abundance (4×10^-6-107×10^-6; av.=28×10^-6). These are consistent with the variable levels of REE fractionation, and differentiation of the granites. This is further supported by the range of REE contents, the chondrite-normalized patterns and the ratios of LaN/YbN (2.30-343.37), CeN/YbN (5.94-716.87), LaN/SmN (3.14-11.68) and TbN/YbN (0.58-1.65). The general parallelism of the REE patterns, suggest that all the granites were comagmatic in origin, while the high Eu/Eu* ratios (0.085-2.807; av.=0.9398) indicate high fo2 at the source. Similarly, irregular variations in LaN/YbN, CeN/YbN and Eu/Eu* ratios and REE abundances among the samples suggest behaviors that are related to mantle and crustal sources. 相似文献
7.
Yanjun Li Junhao Wei Jun Tan Lebing Fu Xuntao Liu Lingjun Kong Yongjian Jiang Wenjie Shi 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(2):165-174
The Liuyuan area,which is located on the southern margin of the Beishan orogenic belt,develops abundant Early Paleozic granitoids.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 421±8 Ma for the Liuyuan granodiorite(Zhao Zehui et al.,2007),implying its Late Silurian intrusion.Geochemical compositions showed that the Liuyuan granodiorite is characterized by high SiO2(65.01%-67.31%),A12O3(17.17%-18.05%) and Na2O(Na2O/K2O=1.67-1.87) but low Mg# contents calculated as 100×Mg2+/(Mg2++∑Fe2+) from 28.77 to 31.15,as well as being enriched in Sr(472×10-6-517×10-6) but depleted in Yb(1.2×10-6-1.42×10-6) and Y(12.8×10-6-14×10-6).The REEs are characterized by right-inclined patterns with LREE enrichment,HREE depletion and slightly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.91-0.97).Major and trace elements indicate that the granodiorite is an adakite.The Nb/Ta values of the granodiorite vary from 10.80 to 18.01 and Nb/U from 6.32 to 10.09,both lying between the values of the crust and the mantle.The rock has low εNd(t) values(-2.5--0.8) and high ISr(0.706321-0.706495).Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the Liuyuan granodiorite is possibly derived from partial melting of thickening lower crust,related to mantle underplating.The Yb-Ta and Y+Nb-Rb discriminant diagrams imply the Liuyuan granodiorite intruded in a local extensional tectonic setting during late collision.Combined with previous studies on geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of granitoids,we interprete that the constraint of this adakite in the Liuyuan area indicates that the tectonic setting may have transformed from collision to extension during the Early Devonian. 相似文献
8.
A. C. Ruiz-Fernández M. Frignani C. Hillaire-Marcel B. Ghaleb M. D. Arvizu J. R. Raygoza-Viera F. Páez-Osuna 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(3):551-564
210Pb geochronologies of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb fluxes were obtained from the intertidal mudflat sediments of the coastal lagoons
Chiricahueto, Estero de Urías, and Ohuira in the Mexican Pacific. The Cu and Hg sediment concentrations at the three lagoons
fell within the ranges of 6–76 μg g−1 and 0.1 to 592 ng g−1, respectively; Chiricahueto and Estero de Urías sediments had comparable Cd and Pb concentrations within the ranges of 0.2–2.1 μg
g−1 and 10–67 μg g−1, respectively; whereas in Ohuira lagoon, Cd concentrations were lower (0.1–0.5 μg g−1) and Pb concentrations were higher (115–180 μg g−1) than in the other lagoons. The metal fluxes (μg cm−2 y−1) for the three lagoons fell within the ranges of 0.02–0.15 for Cd, 0.7–6.0 for Cu, 0.001–0.045 for Hg, and 0.7–20 for Pb.
The Hg pollution in Estero de Urías was attributed to the exhausts of the thermoelectric plant of Mazatlan and the metal enrichment
in Chiricahueto and Ohuira was related to the agrochemical wastes from the croplands surrounding these lagoons. 相似文献
9.
This study assessed the levels of selected inorganic contaminants in streams and stream sediments in the effluent areas relating
to the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment of gold ores in the Obuasi gold mine, Ghana. Water and stream sediment
samples were taken from specific locations during the consecutive rainy and dry seasons, and concentrations of phosphate (PO4
3−), nitrate (NO3
−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO4
2−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), were determined. Alkalinity, pH, temperature and specific
electrical conductivity were also measured. In the water samples, the average pH range for both the seasons is 6.9–7.4, most
anions and metals have relatively higher concentrations in the wet season than in the dry season at both the metallurgical
sites. Trace metals concentrations were comparatively low (<0.01–5.00 mg/l), higher in the dry season at the pyrometallurgical
sites. Irrespective of seasons, SO4
2− (0.80–949.50 mg/l) and PO4
3− (<0.01–6.30 mg/l) were pronounced at the pyrometallurgical sites, while NO3
− (0.01–98.45 mg/l) and Cl− (1.88-49.05 mg/l) were higher at the hydrometallurgical sites. In water samples, Ca2+ and SO4
2+ were the dominant cation and anion, respectively. In the stream sediments, except pH, NO3
−, Cl−, Na+ and Mg2+, all other parameter values were relatively higher at the hydrometallurgical areas. The average concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, As and Fe are remarkably high at both metallurgical sites (3,217–46,026 mg/kg). Overall, the level of parameters in the
water samples are pronounced at pyrometallurgical sites, whereas the levels in sediments are higher at the hydrometallurgical
sites. 相似文献
10.
Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in sediments in Nanjing section of Changjiang River 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the sediments of Changjiang River in Nanjing Reach was monitored for cadmium
(Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). Moreover, the biological enrichment of metals by riverine plants
was studied. The results demonstrated there were highly significant variations among different sampling stations for the concentrations
of tested metals. The highest range was for Cu (38.8–120.4 mg kg−1), followed by Cr (74.4–120.0 mg kg−1), Zn (80.9–121.1 mg kg−1), Ni (26.0–55.5 mg kg−1), Pb (15.8–46.7 mg kg−1) and Cd (0.28–0.48 mg kg−1). Cd was the element with highest biological enrichment factor (BEF). The highest BEF of Cd in Erigeron bonariensis reached 3.0, indicating a significant Cd enrichment in this aquatic plant. In addition, 60% of Cd was found in reducible
fraction and exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction, which was consistent with its high mobility. The consistency of Cd fraction
in sediment and suspended particle indicated they came from the same source. Accumulated Cd concentration calculated according
to the release curve showed significant relativity with the total Cd concentration in the sediment. 相似文献
11.
Contents of inorganic reduced forms of sulfur were determined in the oxygen-bearing waters of saline-soda Lake Doroninskoe.
The vertical and annual distributions of individual species and total reduced sulfur have been studied. It was found that
oxic zone ubiquitously contains reduced sulfur with contents: HS− 0.002–3.86 mg/l, S0 0.002–0.129 mg/l, S0; 4+ 0.014–9.19 mg/l. Oxygen concentrations varied from 0 to 6.8 mg/l. These sulfur compounds show unsystematic vertical distribution,
which during transitional season is controlled by intensity of bacterial processes. 相似文献
12.
A multi-layered aquifer, typical of riverbank alluvial deposits in Korea, was studied to determine the hydrologic properties.
The geologic logging showed that the subsurface of the study site was comprised of four distinctive hydrogeologic units: silt,
sand, highly weathered and fresh bedrock layers. The electrical resistivity survey supplied information on lateral extension
of hydrogeologic strata only partially identified by a limited number of the geologic loggings. The laboratory column tracer
test for the recovered core of the sand layer resulted in a hydraulic conductivity of 5.00×10−2 cm/s. The slug tests performed in the weathered rock layer yielded hydraulic conductivities of 4.32–7.72×10−4 cm/s. Hydraulic conductivities for the sand layer calculated from the breakthrough curves of bromide ranged between 2.08×10−3 and 2.44×10−2 cm/s with a geometric mean of 6.89×10−3 cm/s, which is 7 times smaller than that from the laboratory column experiment. The trend of increasing hydraulic conductivity
with an increase in tracer travel length is likely a result of the increased likelihood of encountering a high conductivity
zone as more of the aquifer is tested. The combined hydrogeologic site characterization using hydraulic tests, tracer tests,
and column test with geologic loggings and geophysical survey greatly enhanced the understanding of the hydrologic properties
of the multi-layered alluvial aquifer. 相似文献
13.
We have investigated the geochemistry of supraglacial streams on the Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica during the
2001–2002 austral summer. Canada Glacier supraglacial streams represent the link between primary precipitation (i.e. glacier
snow) and proglacial Lake Hoare. Canada Glacier supraglacial stream geochemistry is intermediate between glacier snow and
proglacial stream geochemistry with average concentrations of 49.1 μeq L−1 Ca2+, 19.9 μeq L−1 SO42−, and 34.3 μeq L−1 HCO3−. Predominant west to east winds lead to a redistribution of readily soluble salts onto the glacier surface, which is reflected
in the geochemistry of the supraglacial streams. Western Canada Glacier supraglacial streams have average SO42−:HCO3− equivalent ratios of 1.0, while eastern supraglacial streams average 0.5, suggesting more sulfate salts reach and dissolve
in the western supraglacial streams. A graph of HCO3− versus Ca2+ for western and eastern supraglacial streams had slopes of 0.87 and 0.72, respectively with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.83. Low concentrations of reactive silicate (> 10 μmol L−1) in the supraglacial streams suggested that little to no silicate weathering occurred on the glacier surface with the exception
of cryoconite holes (1000 μmol L−1). Therefore, the major geochemical weathering process occurring in the supraglacial streams is believed to be calcite dissolution.
Proglacial stream, Anderson Creek, contains higher concentrations of major ions than supraglacial streams containing 5 times
the Ca2+ and 10 times the SO42−. Canada Glacier proglacial streams also contain higher concentrations (16.6–30.6 μeq L−1) of reactive silicate than supraglacial streams. This suggests that the controls on glacier meltwater geochemistry switch
from calcite and gypsum dissolution to both salt dissolution and silicate mineral weathering as the glacier meltwater evolves.
Our chemical mass balance calculations indicate that of the total discharge into Lake Hoare, the final recipient of Canada
Glacier meltwater, 81.9% is from direct glacier runoff and 19.1% is from proglacial Andersen Creek. Although during a typical,
low melt ablation season Andersen Creek contributes over 40% of the water added to Lake Hoare, its overall chemical importance
is diluted by the direct inputs from Canada Glacier during high flow years. Decadal warming events, such as the 2001–2002
austral summer produce supraglacial streams that are a major source of water to Lake Hoare. 相似文献
14.
Taras Nahnybida Sarah A. Gleeson Brian G. Rusk Len I. Wassenaar 《Mineralium Deposita》2009,44(8):837-848
A bulk geochemical study has been carried out on fluid inclusion leachates extracted from quartz veins from porphyry Cu deposits
in Butte, Montana, USA and Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA. The leachates mostly represent low-salinity magmatic–hydrothermal fluid
inclusions. Their halogen ratios (Br/Cl) of fluid inclusion leachates were determined by ion chromatography, and δ37Cl values of the leachates were measured by continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Br/Cl ratios from early pre-Main
stage and later Main stage veins at Butte range from 0.60 to 1.88 × 10−3 M. Ratios are similar in pre-Main stage veins with sericite bearing selvages and Main stage samples ranging from 0.81 to
1.08 × 10−3 and from 0.92 to 1.88 × 10−3 M, respectively, clustering below seawater (1.54 × 10−3 M) and overlapping mantle values (~1–2 × 10−3 M). Two samples associated with early pre-Main stage potassic alteration yield distinctly lower Br/Cl ratios of 0.60 and
0.64 × 10−3 M. Butte δ37Cl values range from −0.8‰ to −2.3‰ with no significant difference between pre-Main stage and Main stage samples. Br/Cl ratios
for quartz veins from Bingham Canyon range from 0.18 to 3.68 × 10−3 M. Br/Cl ratios from Bingham range above and below previously reported for porphyry copper deposits. In contrast to Butte,
δ37Cl values for Bingham are lower, ranging from −0.9‰ to −4.1‰. In the absence of any processes which can significantly fractionate
chlorine isotopes at high temperatures, we suggest that the porphyry system at Bingham, and to a lesser extent at Butte, have
inherited negative chlorine isotopic signatures from the subducting slab generated at low temperatures. 相似文献
15.
Iron oxyhydroxide precipitates associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Stearns Coal Zone in southeastern Kentucky
were analyzed for their metal (Al, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn) content. The most concentrated metals within these sediments are
nickel (27–32×103μmol/kg), manganese (16–29×103μmol/kg), and aluminum (13–22×103μmol/kg) as determined by HCl-HNO3 digestion. Metal concentrations associated with the organic fraction as determined by H2O2 digestion were generally far lower, with the exception of aluminum. "Batch" experiments (at initial pH=2.0) were used to
analyze the stability of these metals associated with a contaminated soil. Aluminum was the most mobile of the metals, presumably
the result of the formation of aluminum-sulfate aqueous complexes. The solubilization rates for nickel and iron were very
similar, suggesting that nickel, unlike the other metals, coprecipitated with iron in these sulfatic oxyhydroxides.
Received: 9 October 1997 · Accepted: 15 December 1997 相似文献
16.
Shimaraev M. N. Troitskaya E. S. Blinov V. V. Ivanov V. G. Gnatovskii R. Yu. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,442(2):272-276
Based on shipboard and satellite observations, the characteristics of upwelling in Lake Baikal in the period of direct temperature
stratification have been determined for the first time. Coastal upwellings appear annually under the effect of run-down and
alongshore winds and are traced along the coast to a distance of up to 60–100 km and up to 250 km in North Baikal. Analogous
to the way it occurs in seas, water rises from the depths of 100–200 m (350 m as a maximum) at the velocity of 0.1 × 10−2−6.5 × 10−2 cm/s. Divergence in the field of intràbasin cyclonic macrovortices produces upwelling in the Baikal pelagic zone and downwelling
in the vicinity of shores; this lasts from 7 to 88 days and covers the depth interval of 80–300 m in August and up to 400–800
m in early-mid November. The area of upwellings occupies up to 20–60% of the separate basins of the lake. Vertical circulation
of water in the field of pelagic upwellings leads to intensification of coastal currents and to formation of the thermobar
with a heat inert zone in the central part of the lake in November, and this thermobar is not observed in other lakes, at
that. 相似文献
17.
Distribution of heavy metals in soils of Port Harcourt and its environs,Niger Delta,Nigeria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geochemical evaluation of the distribution of heavy metals in soils of Port Harcourt and its environs in the Niger Delta region is presented in respect of anthropogenic factor and index of geoaccumulation. Sixteen (16) soil samples were collected from two horizons (0-10 cm and 100 cm) from the various grids and analyzed. The geo-chemical analyses showed the vertical and horizontal distributions of heavy metals. The results showed the ranges of the metals determined as follows: Pb (6.86-2.49)×10-6, with an average of 4.63×10-6; Cd (0.05-0.00)×10-6, with an average of 0.02×10-6, As (0.01-0.00)×10-6, with an average of 0.00×10-6. Cu (15.36-10.80) ×10-6, with an average of 13.36×10-6, and V (1.36-0.20)×10-6, with an average of 0.94×10-6. Quantification of the degree of pollution was carried out using anthropogenic factor (AF) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). The Igeo values of 0.06, 0.02 and 0.00 for Pb, Cd and As, respectively indicate low-level contamination while Zn (1.14) and V (1.40) show me-dium-level contamination. The sources of contamination are attributed to urbanized anthropogenic activities. The majority of the samples analyzed show that the AF values are less than 1 with the exception of vanadium (V) whose AF values range from 2.73 to 13.60×10-6. Vanadium is more enriched than As, Cd, Pb, and Cu. The order of degrees of anthropogenic contamination and index of geoaccumulation in the soil is V >Zn >Pb >Cu >Cd >AS. Metals were retained near the top soil and their concentrations in the deepest horizons were lower and normal for uncontaminated soils. Metal concentrations in the top soil horizons were significantly related to distance from the industrial and hu-man activities. 相似文献
18.
Long Lake, located near Lake Michigan within the dune-complexes of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, USA, was formed some
time during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. A surficial aquifer underlies Long Lake, which is either a source or sink
for the later. The hydrologic processes in the lakeshore and surrounding environs have been significantly altered during the
agricultural, municipal, and industrial development of the region. Limited data suggest that the organisms of Long Lake have
elevated levels of several contaminants. This study attempts to quantify seepage within the lake to assess the potential threat
to groundwater quality. Seepage measurements and minipiezometric tests were used to determine seepage within the lake. Seepage
measurements and minipiezometric tests suggest that water seeps out of Long Lake, thus recharging the groundwater that flows
southwest away from the lake. There is a great deal of variability in the seepage rate, with a mean of 11.5×10–4±11.2×10–4 m d–1. The mean seepage rate of 0.3 m yr–1 for Long Lake is greater than the 0.2 m yr–1 recharge rate estimated for the drainage basin area. The Long Lake recharge volume of 2.5×105 m3 yr–1 is approximately 22% of the volume of the lake and is significant when compared to the total surface recharge volume of 4.8×105 m3 yr–1 to the upper aquifer of the drainage area. There is a potential for contamination of the groundwater system through seepage
from the lake from contaminants derived from aerial depositions.
Received: 16 August 1995 · Accepted: 18 September 1995 相似文献
19.
Brijraj K. Das 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(2):230-239
A study of the water and sediment chemistry of the Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiyatal and Sattal Lakes of Kumaun, has shown that the water of these lakes are alkaline and that electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid and bicarbonate HCO
3
−
are much higher in Nainital than in the other three lakes. The weathering of limestone lithology and anthropogenic pollution, the latter due to the very high density of population in the Nainital valley, are the primary sources of enhanced parameters. The low pH of Nainital Lake water is due to low photosynthesis and enhanced respiration, increasing CO2 in the water and the consequent enhancement of Ca2+ and HCO
3
−
. The dissolved oxygen in Nainital Lake is less compared to other lakes, indicating anoxic conditions developing at the mud–water interface at depth. The PO
4
3−
content in Nainital is higher (124 μg/l), showing an increasing trend over time leading to eutrophic conditions. The trace metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Ni, Mn, and Sr) are present in greater amounts in the water of Nainital Lake than in the other three lakes, though Fe and Cr are high in Bhimtal and Fe in Naukuchiyatal. The higher abundance is derived from the leaching of Fe–Mg from metavolcanic and metabasic rocks. Most of the heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Sr, and Zn) significantly enrich the suspended sediments of the lakes compared to the bed sediments which due to their adsorption on finer particles and owing to multiple hydroxide coating and organic content, except for Fe, which is enriched in the bed sediments. The high rate of sedimentation, 11.5 mm/year in Nainital, compared to Bhimtal with 4.70 mm/year, Naukuchiyatal with 3.72 mm/year, and Sattal with 2.99 mm/year, has resulted in shorter residence time, poor sorting of grains, and lesser adsorption of heavy metals, leading consequently, their depletion in the bed sediments of Nainital Lake. 相似文献
20.
A gabbro-diorite plutonic complex from the Southeast Obudu Plateau, representing limited volumes of magma, was studied for its trace and rare-earth element characteristics, in an attempt to document its genetic and geodynamic history. Geochemical studies indicate that the gabbro samples are characterized by variable concentrations and low averages of such index elements as Cr (40×10-6–200×10-6; av. 80×10-6), Ni (40×10-6–170×10-6; 53.33×10-6) and Zr (110×10-6–240×10-6; 116.67×10-6); variable and high average... 相似文献