螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肠道菌群的影响

酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease, ALD)是中国常见的肝脏疾病之一, 严重危害人民健康。目前, 缺乏治疗酒精性肝病的有效方法。螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin, PC)是一种天然蛋白质, 具有抗炎、抗氧化等作用。本文研究了PC对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其对肠道菌群的影响。利用酒精诱导酒精性肝损伤模型, 将大鼠随机分为4组, 分别为对照组, 模型组, 阳性对照组, 藻蓝蛋白组, 灌胃PC干预之后, 通过肝脏切片的Masson和HE染色的病理分析判断肝损伤的程度, 之后通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术检测大鼠肠道菌群的组成和结构。模型组大鼠肠道菌群发生了紊乱, 显著降低了双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriaceae)的丰度, 该菌种可以减少肝脏炎症和肝酶, 口服PC后Bifidobacteriaceae的丰度显著增加。此外, 酒精诱导后, 乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillaceae)的丰度略微增加, 促进酒精代谢。藻蓝蛋白能够通过改变酒精性肝损伤大鼠的肠道菌群构成, 从而起到缓解酒精诱导的肝损伤的效果。     

降脂理肝汤对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血常规的影响

目的：观察降脂理肝汤对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）大鼠血常规的影响,探讨降脂理肝汤对NAFLD的作用机制。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和降脂理肝汤组,通过高脂饮食诱导NAFLD大鼠模型,分别灌胃给予0.9%氯化钠注射液、降脂理肝超微汤剂,干预18周后取材,腹主动脉采血,用CA-500血液自动分析仪测定大鼠血常规数据。结果：模型组大鼠的红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、红细胞体积分布宽度、血红蛋白、平均血红蛋白量、血小板数、白细胞数、单核细胞总数和淋巴细胞总数与正常组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);降脂理肝汤组大鼠红细胞体积分布宽度、血红蛋白、血小板数、白细胞数和单核细胞总数与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),与正常组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);提示已恢复正常水平,说明治疗有效。结论：降脂理肝汤对NAFLD大鼠的红细胞、血小板和白细胞的各项指标均有一定恢复作用,具有改善贫血、减少血小板凝集、降低血液黏稠度和脂质沉积、减少肝脏炎性反应的作用。     

2种新型18β-甘草次酸修饰物对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

本文研究了顺式-3β-O-[4-(R)-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己基]-18β-甘草次酸(GA16R)和顺式-3β-O-[4-(S)-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环已基]-18β-甘草次酸(GA16S)2种修饰物对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.结果表明,GA16R和GA16S均能减轻CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤程度,明显降低血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氰酶(LDH)的升高,明显降低肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,明显增加肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活力.证明2种新型甘草次酸化合物对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤均有明显的保护作用.     

体外方法研究海洋药物911和971对大鼠CYP2E1的影响

研究海洋药物911,971对大鼠CYP2E1是否有抑制或诱导作用,以及这种作用是否具有性别差异。取大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为6个组：Ⅰ)雄性对照组、Ⅱ)雄性911组、Ⅲ)雄性971组;Ⅳ)雌性对照组、Ⅴ)雌性911组、Ⅵ)雌性971组,均采用钙离子沉淀法制备肝微粒体。在各组肝微粒体中同时给予一定剂量的探针药物及目标药物,进行孵育。于不同时间点取样,测定该探针药物的剩余浓度并计算其体外半衰期。结果表明：药物911对CYP2E1活性无影响,971对雌性大鼠CYP2E1活性无影响,但对雄性大鼠的CYP2E1有显著诱导作用。由此可得出：药物对CYP2E1的影响存有明显的性别差异,971在同各种与CYP2E1代谢有关的药物合用时,应充分考虑其在不同性别间的差异,以避免可能出现的毒性反应或不良反应。     

噻唑烷酸对肝组织GSH含量的影响及其作用机制的研究

建立丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(L-Buthionine Sulfoximine,BSO)排空小鼠肝组织谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)模型,研究噻唑烷酸(N-acetyl-glucosamine-thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid,GlcNAcCys)提高肝组织GSH含量,保护肝脏免受外源性毒物、药物损伤的可能机制。正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,BSO组及GlcNAcCys不同剂量组小鼠注射BSO(6mmol/kg体质量,i.p.)。2 h后,正常对照组和BSO组注射生理盐水,GlcNAcCys低、中、高剂量组分别注射不同剂量的GlcNAcCys(200、4009、00 mg/kg体质量)。6 h后,用Ellman’s法测定肝匀浆总巯基(Total Sulfhydryl,T-SH)含量;荧光分光光度法测定GSH含量;用试剂盒检测肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性;RT-PCR法检测谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(Glutamyl-L-cysteine Ligase,GCL)基因表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝匀浆中T-SH和GSH含量,增强抗氧化酶GR、GST活性,RT-PCR结果显示,GlcNAcCys能够诱导GCL mRNA的表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝组织T-SH、GSH的含量,增强GST、GR酶活力,增强肝脏的解毒功能,保护肝脏免受毒性中间代谢物的损伤。GlcNAcCys提高肝组织T-SH、GSH含量的机制与其诱导GCLmRNA的表达有关。     

四氯化碳对杜氏盐藻的毒性实验

按等浓度对数间距0．2设置毒物四氯化碳(CCl4)浓度对杜氏盐藻进行了毒性实验，根据细胞的生长以及β-胡萝卜素含量的变化，观察CCl4,对盐藻的毒性效应。结果表明，CCl4浓度小于0．13％时对盐藻生长及β-胡萝卜素累积几乎没有影响。盐藻对CCl4的最大耐受浓度为0．20％。CCl4浓度达到0．32％时，5天之后造成细胞全部死亡和β-胡萝卜素累积消失。     

扶正化瘀胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化32例临床观察

目的：观察扶正化瘀胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：将慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者62例按随机数字表法分为治疗组32例和对照组30例。对照组在西医常规治疗基础上配合恩替卡韦治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加扶正化瘀胶囊治疗。结果：2组肝功能、肝纤维化、肝脏硬度值各项指标治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：扶正化瘀胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化有较好的抗纤维化效果。     

基于网络药理学探讨茵陈干预肝纤维化的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学方法探讨茵陈干预肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：通过TCMSP数据库获取茵陈的活性成分及作用靶点;在GeneCards数据库和OMIM数据库中获取肝纤维化的相关靶点,将茵陈成分靶点与疾病靶点取交集,获得茵陈干预肝纤维化的作用靶点。运用Cytoscape 3.10.0构建化合物-靶点-疾病网络图,使用STRING数据库获得蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,通过Cytoscape 3.10.0进行可视化呈现及分析。使用Metascape数据库进行基因本体(GO)功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG)通路富集分析。结果：筛选得到茵陈有效成分15个,作用靶点289个,其中肿瘤抑制蛋白基因53(TP53)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)、缺氧诱导因子1A(HIF1A)和B细胞淋巴瘤2(BCL2)等为核心靶点。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析结果主要涉及激素的反应、细胞迁移的正向调节、对细菌来源分子的反应、磷代谢过程的正向调节、对外源性刺激的反应等生物过程及癌症途径、血脂与动脉粥样硬化、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶(PI3K-Akt)、Janus激酶-信号传导及转录激活蛋白(JAK-STAT)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)等信号通路。结论：茵陈干预肝纤维化具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的特点,可为进一步研究提供参考。     

不同剂量补肝健腰方对大鼠腰椎间盘退变组织bFGF mRNA表达的影响

目的：观察不同剂量的补肝健腰方对大鼠腰椎间盘退变组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF) mRNA表达的干预作用。方法：将130只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组20只、假手术组20只、造模组90只,采用椎间盘穿刺造模方法制备大鼠腰椎间盘退变模型,将造模成功的80只大鼠随机分为补肝健腰方低、中、高剂量组及模型组,每组各20只,分别采用补肝健腰方低剂量（含生药1.04 g）、中剂量（含生药2.08 g）、高剂量（含生药4.16 g）、0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,检测各组干预前及干预2、4、6周后椎间盘退变组织bFGF mRNA的表达,并进行对比分析。结果：1)假手术组与正常对照组比较,2组各时间点bFGF mRNA的表达差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2）模型组与正常对照组比较,2组各时间点bFGF mRNA的表达差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3）给药组与模型组比较,干预前及干预2周后各给药组与模型组bFGF mRNA的表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预4、6周后各给药组的bFGF mRNA表达均较模型组降低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。4）各给药组组间比较,干预4、6周后中、高剂量组较低剂量组bFGF mRNA的表达均下降,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：不同剂量的补肝健腰方均能下调腰椎间盘退变模型大鼠椎间盘中bFGF mRNA的表达,中、高药物剂量组作用更加显著。     

解毒化瘀颗粒对D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导急性肝衰竭大鼠的保护作用及机制研究

目的：探讨解毒化瘀颗粒对D-半乳糖胺/脂多糖诱导急性肝衰竭大鼠的保护作用及机制。方法：将30只SPF级雄性wistar大鼠随机分为治疗组、模型组、空白组,每组各10只。治疗组按10ml/kg体质量予解毒化瘀颗粒灌胃给药,每天2次,共7d;空白组及模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃。于给药第6天,模型组与治疗组大鼠予腹腔注射D-半乳糖胺（600mg/kg）和脂多糖（20μg/kg）进行造模。24h后进行静脉取血,采用全自动生化仪检测血清中总胆红素（TBIL）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）水平,血栓止血分析仪检测血清中凝血酶原时间（PT）、血浆纤维蛋白（FIB）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）及凝血酶时间（TT）。处死大鼠取肝组织制备肝组织切片,光镜下观察肝组织结构。结果：与模型组比较,治疗组血清中的ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显降低,PT、TT时间缩短,FIB水平升高,2组ALT、TBIL、FIB水平及PT时间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。模型组大鼠肝细胞正常结构被破坏程度显著高于治疗组大鼠。结论：解毒化瘀颗粒可以通过改善肝功能、纠正凝血功能异常及减轻病理损伤而保护急性肝衰竭模型大鼠,其作用机制可能为通过CD4 T下调OX40表达,抑制CD4 T活化及向Th1细胞分化,从而延缓急性肝衰竭的进一步恶化。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.