结合NASA DEM和AW3D30 DEM的太原市DEM数据融合

本文首先以DEM数据为例,将输入数据与参考数据配准至同一像素位置,然后分别将均方根误差和标准差作为参考指标,在不同坡度等级的区域内,通过权重系数从0至1的遍历探寻最佳加权融合系数,从而确定融合方案并进行NASA DEM与AW3D30 DEM的数据融合,最后对融合效果进行定量评价。结果表明:配准前,NASA DEM沿x、y、z方向的位移分别为-2.65、2.41、0.60m,AW3D30 DEM位移分别为1.04、7.51、-3.33m;配准后,原始数据各项误差均减小,且NASA DEM的系统误差基本消失。融合DEM相较于NASA DEM,平均误差和均方根误差分别减小了25.0%和36.8%;对于AW3D30 DEM,误差降幅分别为86.5%和13.2%。     

不同截止高度角北斗标准单点定位精度分析

我国北斗导航系统已完全具备为亚太地区提供导航与定位服务,其定位精度研究一直是目前的热点与重点。本文基于MGEX机构发布的2个跟踪站实测数据,分析在卫星截至高度角5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°和40°的情况下北斗标准单点定位精度。经研究发现,X方向定位精度在高度角25°出现一个转折点,整体随着高度角增加定位精度下降,Y方向和Z方向定位精度随着高度角的增加而下降,高度角为30°,历元可用率开始低于100%,在高度角为40°的极端条件下,历元可用率为84%,X和Y方向定位精度为1m～2m,Z方向定位精度为3m～8.6m。     

风机对科尔沁草原地表温度和蒸散发的影响

利用Landsat5和Landsat8数据,通过对开鲁风电场建设前、后地表温度(LST)和蒸散发(ET)的模拟,结合根据30m×30m像元统计的风机与周围8个方向的LST、ET均值以及变异系数,研究了风力发电机对科尔沁草原的LST和ET的影响。结果表明:①风力发电机建设不会对科尔沁草原的LST产生明显影响;②风力发电机建设不会改变周围8个方向上ET的原有大小次序;③风力发电机建设将增大原有大小次序的数值差异,使得各方向上的ET变化更加不均匀。     

导航卫星精密轨道与钟差确定方法研究及精度分析

介绍导航卫星精密轨道与钟差确定的相关方法,重点研究了联合双差与非差GNSS数据处理技术实现精密定轨与钟差估计的原理与实现方法,基于GPS实测数据进行了定轨与钟差确定精度分析,结果表明：利用全球均匀分布的30余个测站一天的观测数据,R、T、N方向定轨精度可以达到0.031 m、0.074 m、0.077 m,卫星钟差确定精度可以达到0.22 ns。     

Android智能手机实时精密单点定位软件实现及精度分析

随着智能手机的普及和卫星导航定位技术发展,导航定位已成为智能手机必不可少的功能之一。对华为(Huawei)和小米(Xiaomi)双频智能手机Huawei Mate 20/30、Xiaomi 8观测数据进行质量分析,提出了一套适用于手机精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)的质量控制方案,开发了一款基于安卓(Android)平台的实时PPP应用程序。通过实验对比分析了单频与双频、实时与事后手机PPP的定位性能。结果表明,Xiaomi 8和Huawei Mate 20/30手机单频PPP平面方向的定位精度均可达到0.5～0.6 m,高程方向的定位精度为1.0～2.0 m。相比于单频PPP,双频PPP收敛后,其平面与高程方向的定位精度均有提高,且高程方向提升显著。实时与事后PPP在平面方向的定位精度相当,但在高程方向上,事后PPP较实时PPP的定位精度提升20%～40%。     

北斗系统标准单点定位算法研究

北斗卫星导航系统已建成区域导航星座,可在亚太范围提供无源定位、导航和授时服务。本文系统研究了北斗系统标准单点定位算法,采用实测数据对北斗系统和GPS标准单点定位算法进行了算法验证和数据分析。实验结果表明,北斗系统标准单点定位在X、Y和Z方向上的精度分别为7.1 m、9.2 m和13.2 m,GPS标准单点定位在X、Y和Z方向上的精度分别为6.2 m、5.8 m和11.2 m,北斗系统与GPS标准单点定位的三维定位精度基本一致,证明了北斗系统已经具有独立导航定位能力,可为标准导航定位应用提供服务。     

利用单频GPS／Galileo组合观测值的导航性能分析

针对不同观测值的初始方差比值,对比GPS／Galileo组合单点定位的结果。利用不同测站的观测数据和广播星历数据进行单频GPS／Galileo组合单点定位试验。结果表明,组合GPS／Galileo单点定位的平面方向精度优于2m,高程方向精度优于4m,点位精度优于5m;相比于GPS单系统,GPS／Galileo组合系统在平面方向的定位精度略有提高,高程方向的定位精度改善率为11％。同时给出基于4颗IOV卫星的Galileo单点定位结果。     

利用PALSAR数据获取拉奎拉地震同震形变场

2009年4月6日发生的意大利拉奎拉Mw6.3地震造成了地表的严重破坏,为了解地震引起的地表变化情况,本文利用ALOS/PALSAR影像数据,采用二轨差分干涉测量技术提取了该次地震的地表同震形变场。通过分析可知:地表在西北-东南方向上发生错动,形变主要发生在40×30 km的范围内,西南部出现了沿视线方向的下降,东北部出现了沿视线方向的抬升,最大值分别为0.337 m和0.122 m。结果表明,获得的同震形变场与地震地质调查的结果一致。     

30m全球地表覆盖遥感制图生产体系与实践

在以"多源影像最优化处理、参考资料服务化整合、覆盖类型精细化提取、产品质量多元检核"为主线的总体研究基础上,依托生产技术规范体系、全过程质量控制手段和支持环境,通过30m地表覆盖产品和技术设计、多源影像资料收集整合处理、分区按类型地表覆盖数据提取组织实施及数据产品集成与优化,构建了工程化的30m全球地表覆盖遥感制图生产体系,实现了预期的产品指标,完成了2000和2010两个基准年的30m地表覆盖数据产品研制。通过精度评价,该套数据产品分类精度达到80%以上。该生产体系的构建为开展较高分辨率全球地表覆盖数据产品研制、细化、更新奠定了基础,为开展大规模遥感影像信息提取、表达和应用起到了示范作用。     

利用卫星测高与卫星重力数据进行中国近海上层地转流速度分析

利用卫星测高技术获取的海面高、卫星重力数据以及最新的Argo漂流速度数据确定我国海域稳态海面地形,研究分析中国近海上层地转流的变化特征。结果表明,中国近海地转流沿x方向分量流速范围为0.1～1.6m/s,其误差在±0.97m/s以内;沿y方向分量流速范围是0.1～1.70 m/s,最大误差为±0.66 m/s。     

Assessment of a data-driven evidential belief function model and GIS for groundwater potential mapping in the Koohrang Watershed,Iran

The objective of this study is to produce groundwater potential map (GPM) and its performance assessment using a data-driven evidential belief function (EBF) model. This study was carried out in the Koohrang Watershed, Chaharmahal-e-Bakhtiari Province, Iran. It’s conducted in three main stages such as data preparation, groundwater potential mapping using EBF and validation of constructed model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. At first, 864 groundwater data were collected from spring locations; out of that, 605 (70%) locations were selected for training/model building and the remaining 259 (30%) cases were used for the model validation. In the next step, 12 effective factors such as altitude, slope aspect, slope degree, slopelength (LS), topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, land use, lithology, distance from rivers, drainage density, distance from faults and fault density were extracted from the spatial database. Subsequently, GPM was prepared using EBF model in ArcGIS environment. Finally, the ROC curve and area under the curves (AUC) were drawn for verification purposes. The validation of results showed that the AUC for EBF model is 81.72%. In general, this result can be helpful for planners and engineers in water resource management and land-use planning.     

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in coal mining impacted hard-rock terrain of India by integrating geospatial and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach

The study aims at delineating groundwater potential zones using geospatial technology and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques in mining impacted hard rock terrain of Ramgarh and part of Hazaribagh districts, Jharkhand, India. Relevant thematic layers were prepared and assigned weight based on Saaty’s 9-point scale and normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP to identify groundwater prospect in the study area. The weighted linear combination method was applied to prepare the groundwater potential index in geographic information system. Final groundwater prospects were classified as excellent, very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor groundwater potential zones. Study thus revealed that the excellent, very good and good groundwater potential zones, respectively, cover 148.3, 373.66 and 438.86 km² of the study area, whereas the poor groundwater potential zone covers 180.05 km². Validation was done through a receiver operating characteristic curve, which indicated that AHP had good prediction accuracy (AUC = 75.45%).     

Development of groundwater favourability map using GIS-based driven data mining models: an approach for effective groundwater resource management

The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries.     

联合GRACE和GLDAS数据的河南省地下水储量反演与时空变化分析

针对利用传统监测手段难以高效获取地下水储量观测数据的问题,基于GRACE重力卫星的大尺度水资源储量反演已成为当前水资源调查的研究热点。本文利用2012-2016年CSR机构发布的GRACE RL06月解数据,通过等效水高反演得到河南省陆地水储量时序结果,扣除由同期GLDAS水文模型计算得到的地表水储量时序数据,从而得到河南省地下水储量时序变化数据结果。经与地下水位监测井实测数据进行对比验证,相关系数显著性水平达0.01,表明本文算法流程具有较高的可靠性。进一步的统计分析结果表明,河南省北部地区的地下水储量呈亏损态势,最大变化率超过26 mm/a;河南省中部和东部地区地下水储量有一定盈余,最大变化率超过16 mm/a,相关结果数据与河南省水利局公布的全省主要地下水超采区范围吻合。本文旨在利用GRACE重力卫星数据与GLDAS水文模型反演获取河南省地下水储量空间分布差异及演变趋势,相关算法流程可为广域地下水储量调查监测提供技术支撑;研究数据可为该区域地下水资源的合理利用与保护提供参考。     

绿洲—荒漠交错带地下水位分布的遥感模型研究

以利用卫星遥感数据评价干旱区绿洲－荒漠交错带地下水位的分布作为主要研究目的，使用波段Landsat-7ETM 图像，用遥感－数学－模型学融合的研究方法，在实地考察地下水位，土壤水分和其他辅助资料的基础上，建立土壤水分和地下水位的实验方程，提出了评价地下水位分布的遥感模型－GLDRS模型。利用GLDRS模型对新疆策勒绿洲－荒漠交错带进行了实地验证，结果表明，研究结果符合实际，GLDRS多波段模型优越单波段模型，理论地下水位和实测地下水位之间的相关系数为0．901。     

Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Through Rainfall and Water Harvesting Structures in Jamka Microwatershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Water harvesting works had been conducted at Jamka micro-watershed of Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India for augmenting artificial groundwater recharge in hard rock aquifers of the semi arid region. In present study groundwater recharge of Jamka micro-watershed was estimated. The natural groundwater recharge through rainfall in the study area was estimated using empirical equations and the artificial groundwater recharge through water harvesting structures which was estimated using remote sensing and GIS. The area under submergence due to water harvesting structures is estimated using remote sensing images. The groundwater recharge in study area was also estimated using water table fluctuation method and compared with total recharge through rainfall and water harvesting structures. The natural groundwater recharge through rainfall in the study area was found varying from 11 to 16 per cent of annual rainfall. The total groundwater recharge in the study area was estimated 390.29?ha?m, in which the contribution of recharge through water harvesting structures was about 38.53%; this revealed that the water harvesting structures played an important role in increasing the groundwater recharge in the region.     

时序InSAR监测京雄城际铁路河北段地面沉降

本文以京雄城际铁路河北段固安站至雄安站沿线作为研究区,利用2018—2020年共34景Sentinel-1B影像,基于小基线集雷达干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)获取京雄城际铁路河北段沿线的地面沉降时空分布信息,结合空间自相关分析方法,揭示研究区地面沉降的空间分布格局,并对沉降原因进行初步分析。研究结果表明,京雄城际铁路河北段沿线地面沉降发展由北向南存在一定的差异。北部年均沉降速率小于10 mm/a,南部沉降较为严重,最大年均沉降速率达-105.6 mm/a,且沿线西部年均沉降速率高于东部区域。通过分析影响因素得知,地面沉降量与地下水埋深值存在相关性,地下水埋深高的地区地面沉降量较高。同时结合研究区土地利用变化结果发现,城市化建设所产生的静载荷对京雄城际铁路沿线的地面沉降产生一定的影响。     

Regional Groundwater Assessment of Krishna River Basin Using Integrated GIS Approach

The groundwater occurrence and movement within the flow systems are governed by many natural factors like topography, geology, geomorphology, lineament structures, soil, drainage network and land use land cover (LULC). Due to complex natural geological/hydro-geological regime a systematic planning is needed for groundwater exploitation. It is even more important to characterize the aquifer system and delineate groundwater potential zones in different geological terrain. The study employed integration of weighted index overlay analysis (WIOA) and geographical information system (GIS) techniques to assess the groundwater potential zones in Krishna river basin, India and the validation of the result with existing groundwater levels. Different thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, soil, slope, LULC, drainage density, lineament density and annual rainfall distribution were integrated with WIOA using spatial analyst tools in Arc-GIS 10.1. These thematic layers were prepared using Geological survey of India maps, European Digital Archive of Soil Maps, Bhuvan (Indian-Geo platform of ISRO, NRSC) and 30 m global land cover data. Drainage, watershed delineation and slope were prepared from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model of 30 m resolution data. WIOA is being carried out for deriving the normalized score for the suitability classification. Weight factor is assigned for every thematic layer and their individual feature classes considering their significant importance in groundwater occurrence. The final map of the study area is categorized into five classes very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor groundwater potential zones. The result describes the groundwater potential zones at regional scale which are in good agreement with observed ground water condition at field level. Thus, the results derived can be very much useful in planning and management of groundwater resources in a regional scale.     

Delineation of ground water potential zones in a hard Rock Terrain of Bargarh District, Orissa using IRS data

In the present paper, various groundwater potential zones for the assessment of groundwater availability in a hard rock terrain have been delineated with the help of hydrogeological parameters using satellite IRS- 1B-LISS-II digital data. Area selected for this study is a part of Bargarh district, Orissa, India covering an area of about 680 square km. Satellite data has been used to prepare geological-cum-lineaments, geomorphological, landuse and drainage maps. The various thematic maps have been integrated with the help of Geographic Information System to demarcate the poor to excellent groundwater potential zones. Weightage has been given to various groundwater controlling factors to the total groundwater potential in each segment of study area. Subsequently, several sites were selected and pumping tests carded out in the area. The results show that among others, lineaments as well as drainage density are the most important contributory factors in the groundwater potential of various geomorphic units in the area of investigation.     

Groundwater potential modelling using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of the Al Dhaid area,United Arab Emirates

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEM and LANDSAT images of spatial resolution 30?m were used to construct groundwater potential zones (GPZ) map by integrating geological fractures, drainage network, slope and relief, and convergence index maps of the study area. Weight and score of each map were developed according to their level of contribution toward groundwater accumulation and spatial distribution of groundwater wells. The area that has very high potential for groundwater is located at the foot of Oman Mountains and Al Dhaid Depression covering an area of about 59.33?km², which is 4.40% of the study area. Further hydrological map and data on hydraulic properties of shallow aquifer, as recorded from observation wells in the regions, have been used to validate the produced GPZ map. The validation result showed sufficient agreement between the produced GPZ map.