辽宁盖州海城地区地壳剪切波分裂特征

2012年2月2日,在辽宁盖州(40.56°N,122.36°E)发生M_L4.7地震,此后该地区小震不断,地震活动持续至今仍未停止,发生多次4级以上地震。与此同时,海城地震老震区小震持续活动,自盖州震群活动以来,亦发生1100多次M_L≥1.0地震。基于这2丛地震活动,研究了盖州-海城地区的剪切波分裂特征。初步研究结果表明,海城老震区快剪切波优势偏振方向较为稳定,与该地区区域应力场方向基本一致。由于盖县台下方存在活动断裂,其快剪切波的优势偏振方向较为复杂,存在2个优势偏振方向,分别与台站下方的金州断裂走向和该区最大主应力方向一致。此外,2013年12月22日之后,盖州震群活动突然增强,与此同时,自该时间之后,盖县台(GAX)所反映出的快剪切波优势偏振方向为SEE向,与营口台(YKO)的快剪切波优势方向基本接近,同时与该区最大主应力方位较为一致。由此可以推断,盖州震群自2013年12月22日的这组增强活动或与区域应力的局部增强有关。但这2个震群的慢波时间延迟变化相对较小,与以往相关研究中强震前慢波时间延迟的变化差异较大。     

辽宁1999年Ms5.9岫岩地震的剪切波分裂特征

利用辽宁遥测数字地震台网营口台的地震波形资料,采用高原等剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩Ms5.9(ML5.3)地震前后的地震序列进行了剪切波分裂分析.通过对营口台的资料分析表明,快剪切波优势偏振方向为ENE-WSW向,与该地区主压应力方向一致,也与华北区域构造应力场方向一致;平均慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前显示增加,可能反映了震前的应力积累过程.营口台的快剪切波优势偏振方向还与小地震活动空间分布走向一致,与活动断层走向相关.快剪切波偏振的月平均变化直方图也显示,地震前两个月快剪切波偏振方向似乎也有变化,但这个现象还需要更多资料的证实.     

辽宁区域地震台网的地壳剪切波分裂研究

主要利用辽宁区域地震台网8个台站记录到的1999年6月至2004年12月的波形数据,采用剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对辽宁地区的剪切波分裂特征进行了研究。发现大部分台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向为NEE(近EW)向,与原地主压应力方向一致,也与华北北部的区域构造应力场方向一致。然而,辽宁中部的SJ台站和东部的KD台站的快剪切波优势偏振方向分别为近NS向和NW向,与其他台站的结果有差异,可能是受到复杂的局部构造的控制和影响,这2个台站的结果还需要更多资料的证实。根据GPS、地震和地球物理等其它资料,对该地区断层的区域分布、主压应力以及剪切波分裂参数的空间分布特征进行了讨论     

辽宁岫岩M_S5.9地震前应力积累的讨论

使用营口地震台记录的地震波形资料, 对1999年11月29日辽宁岫岩MS5.9地震前后进行剪切波分裂分析, 结果表明剪切波分裂参数在岫岩地震前后有明显的变化, 慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前约142天开始增加, 揭示了震前的应力积累过程. 应力积累的持续时间与震级的关系符合对数坐标下的直线拟合经验统计关系.     

唐山地区慢剪切波的时间延迟:强地面运动台阵资料分析

利用唐山地区强地面运动台阵资料 ,根据剪切波分裂的 CDP分析方法 ,对唐山地区剪切波分裂时间延迟参数进行了讨论。通过选取具有相同射线方向的波形记录的剪切波分裂分析 ,得到较大地震 (ML 5.2 )之前的时间延迟值高于震后的时间延迟值。特别是 ,文章提出的研究剪切波分裂时间延迟的时间变化的思路 ,是实际分析中需要加以注意的。文章认为 ,利用剪切波分裂进行较大地震的监控和预测 ,具有重要的意义     

剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统

穿过地壳介质传播的剪切波发生分裂的特征对地壳应力场的变化极为敏感，因而可以利用剪切波分裂现象监测地震的活动(高原等，1996；Gao，et a1，1998)。剪切波分裂研究是国际地震学的一个前沿课题，目前仍在不断发展之中(Crampin，2001)，但由于它在地震预测     

辽宁1999年MS5.9岫岩地震的剪切波分裂特征s

利用辽宁遥测数字地震台网营口台的地震波形资料,采用高原等剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩MS5.9（ML5.3）地震前后的地震序列进行了剪切波分裂分析. 通过对营口台的资料分析表明,快剪切波优势偏振方向为ENE-WSW向,与该地区主压应力方向一致,也与华北区域构造应力场方向一致;平均慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前显示增加,可能反映了震前的应力积累过程. 营口台的快剪切波优势偏振方向还与小地震活动空间分布走向一致,与活动断层走向相关. 快剪切波偏振的月平均变化直方图也显示,地震前两个月快剪切波偏振方向似乎也有变化,但这个现象还需要更多资料的证实.      

剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)——区域地震台网资料应用实例

通过对云南、辽宁、福建遥测地震台网的波形资料分析实例,介绍了"剪切波分裂系统分析方法"软件SAM(2007)的用法。通过对区域台网资料的处理分析,表明SAM(2007)是研究剪切波分裂的一个比较实用的软件,能够有效的处理快、慢剪切波识别的问题,研究地壳介质的地震各向异性问题,能普遍用于分析国内区域地震台网资料。     

山东乳山震群剪切波分裂参数的时间演化特征分析

2013年10月1日山东乳山发生M_L3.8地震后, 该地区的地震活动呈现出小震群特征, 且持续至今, 其中2014—2015年先后发生了4次M_L4.1—5.0显著性地震, 造成了较大的社会影响． 本文利用山东数字地震台网中乳山台记录的地震波形资料, 测定了来自乳山震群中224次小地震的剪切波分裂参数． 研究结果表明: 快剪切波的偏振优势方向与山东半岛地区的主压应力方向基本一致; 剪切波分裂时间延迟在这4次显著性地震发生前后均产生明显的变化, 分裂时间延迟平均在震前1个月左右开始出现升高异常, 在震前约12天出现下降异常变化． 这些特征均可作为利用应力进行地震预测的前兆指标．      

永登5.8级地震前后剪切波分裂特征

应用１９９０年至１９９５年ＣＤＳＮ台网兰州数字台的记录和中法合作建立的朗索数字台的记录,研究了１９９５年７月２２日甘肃永登５．８级地震前后剪切波分裂的特征,利用最大特征值法,波形识别算子法和最大似然法定量确定了剪切波分裂的快慢波时间延迟及快波偏振方向,结果表明,在永登地震前大约１年的时间内剪切波分裂延迟增大,快剪切波偏振方向也从ＮＥ向转为ＮＷ向,地震后剪切除波分裂时间延迟和偏振方向很快恢复,其时间     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.