基于光纤光栅的高精度测温传感器研究

利用光纤光栅对温度和应变同时敏感的特性,我们设计制作了一款满足地震前兆观测中地温观测精度要求的双金属光纤光栅温度传感器,并首次对温度增敏后的光纤光栅传感器样品进行了精度分析,得到该传感器的精度达到士0.05℃,获得了现今光纤光栅温度传感器最高的分辨率0.0014℃/pm.该传感器的成功研制从实验上证明了光纤光栅用于地震前兆观测的可行性,为地震前兆观测的光学化打下了坚实的基础.     

对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的稳定性的初探

光纤光栅作为新型传感元件,因为其具有抗电磁干扰和分布式测量等电学传感器无法比拟的优点,正在被广泛的研究.为了实现替代现有的高精度电学温度传感器的目的,可以尝试利用光纤光栅对温度和应变共同敏感的特性,制作高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器.尽管已经出现了对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的报到,但是,很少有针对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器稳定性的研究.在实验室环境下,我们对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的稳定性进行了测试.我们制作了一款高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器,将其与普通光纤光栅温度传感器和电学石英温度传感器共同置于盛满水的不锈钢容器中,观测室温变化.通过对它们两周的观测结果进行对比,我们发现:尽管与普通光纤光栅温度传感器的结果相比,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的观测结果与石英温度传感器的结果更一致;但是,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器出现了微小漂移.因为该漂移出现在进一步拉伸光纤光栅的过程中,所以它很可能是由于光纤光栅的固定点出现了微小滑动造成的.这为光纤光栅在高精度温度测量领域的应用作了有益尝试.     

一种光纤光栅倾角传感器的试验研究

设计了一种新型的光纤光栅倾角传感器。本设计将简单可靠的金属悬臂梁结构与高灵敏度的光纤布拉格光栅相结合,考虑了光纤布拉格光栅的温度补偿及灵敏度,从而保证其整体耐久性较好、测量精度较高。将该倾角传感器与光纤光栅解调仪组成监测系统,同时利用无线电容式倾角仪对其灵敏度进行标定,取得了良好的线性数据,证明该倾角传感器性能良好。     

FBG传感器在碾压仿真混凝土大坝模型实验中的应用

光纤光栅传感器(FBG)具有抗电磁干扰、结构简单、测量精度高、长期稳定性好,可以实现实时、在线监测等优点,在传感器领域中得到了广泛的应用。对自行开发的管式光纤光栅应变传感器进行了混凝土梁纯弯标定实验;利用光纤光栅传感器检测了混凝土结构内部的应变变化;应用该种传感器,对在白噪声、正弦波、随机波三种动力荷载作用下碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型结构各个工况下的应变进行分析。结果表明:自行开发的管式光纤光栅传感器应变测量值与电阻应变片测量值符合很好;成功监测了碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型在动荷载作用下的弹性应变和启裂应变,为大坝结构在地震作用下的健康状况分析提供可靠依据。     

温度与非轴向力对光纤光栅应变传递影响的分析

由于光纤、保护层和粘贴层以及基体材料的物理力学性能不同,使得光纤光栅传感器的测量应变不等于基体材料的实际应变。本文以埋入式非轴向力作用下的光纤光栅作为研究对象,采用弹性理论分析,利用剪滞法,推导了光纤光栅传感器在非轴向力和温度共同影响下的测量应变与基体结构实际应变之间的应变传递计算公式,并采用有限元方法对其分析,讨论了温度变化对非轴向力作用下的光纤光栅应变传递的影响,为埋入式光纤光栅传感器在非轴向力和温度影响下的应变测量提供理论依据。     

应用光纤光栅应变箍传感器的管道腐蚀监测试验

为了验证通过光纤光栅应变箍传感器对管道进行腐蚀监测的方法的可行性,在均匀腐蚀管道模型和局部腐蚀管道模型上分别进行了试验,试验所使用的应变箍传感器能够测量管道截面的环向应变,通过环向应变能够反应管道壁厚的变化情况。试验表明,这种光纤光栅应变箍传感器性能优良,可以应用于测量腐蚀引起的环向应变,在管道的腐蚀监测中具有很好的应用前景。     

光纤光栅传感器用于高精度应变测量研究

利用光纤光栅对温度和应力应变的敏感效应制成的传感器可以将温度、压力、应力、应变等物理量转换成光学量（波长）,由此所构成的测量系统具有极高的稳定性,不存在零点漂移,抗干扰能力强等一系列优点.不足的是光纤光栅传感器本身灵敏度不够高,在许多场合其测量分辨率不能满足要求,特别是作为地震前兆观测的主要测量手段——应力应变测量精度要求较高.本文提出一种技术思路,即通过增敏装置来提高系统测量分辨率,理论上可以将应力应变的测量分辨率提高到10-9至10-10量级,可以满足高精度应力应变测量的指标要求.     

光纤应变仪的研制与应用前景

光纤应变仪是利用特种光纤光栅器件或者光纤干涉技术进行高精度应变传感的仪器.常见特种光纤光栅有相移光栅和光纤光栅谐振腔,线宽均较窄,可达到0.01 pm量级甚至更窄,结合高精度解调方法,可显著提高系统的应变测量精度.     

光纤健康监测方法在土木工程中的研究与应用进展

在土木工程领域，光纤智能健康监测方法是对建筑物或构筑物的健康状况进行检测的一种新方法。本文首先论述了光纤智能健康监测系统的构成，然后对国内外光纤健康监测系统在土木结构中的研究与应用进行了回顾，介绍了光纤传感器的种类、原理、特点和当前应用的状况，重点介绍了光纤位移传感器和布拉格光栅（Bragg grating)应变传感器，最后展望了光纤智能健康监测方法在土木结构中的应用前景。     

光纤光栅地震检波器结构设计与性能仿真研究

地震检波器是近年来石油勘探领域向前发展的一项瓶颈技术。本文基于光纤光栅的传感特性设计了不同结构的光纤光栅地震检波器，借助于有限元分析软件对光纤光栅地震检波器的传感特性进行了仿真研究，并分析了一些重要参数如光纤光栅波长、质量块的大小和光纤的长度等对地震检波器性能的影响规律，给出了不同结构的特性参数。本文研究结果对光纤光栅地震检波器的实用有一定的参考价值。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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