辽西下白垩统义县组湖相碳酸盐岩及其沉积环境研究

辽西地区下白垩统义县组是热河生物群产出的主要地层,其中产出大量精美的生物化石,但是由于受到后期构造破坏和风化作用影响,难以开展野外工作,热河生物群产出的古地理环境及盆地沉积环境的研究程度仍然较低。该组地层中湖相碳酸盐岩比较发育,本次工作主要对辽西义县组老公沟—金刚山剖面4个沉积层中产出的多层湖相碳酸盐岩沉积层进行了深入研究。通过野外工作结合室内镜下鉴定,分析了义县组湖相碳酸盐岩的产出状态和岩石类型,划分出5个岩相类型和两个相组合。结合野外实测剖面中碳酸盐岩与其它沉积岩层的组合关系对义县组湖相碳酸盐沉积环境进行了探讨,发现义县组湖相碳酸盐岩主要为洪水—漫湖沉积体系中较浅的储水洼地和滨浅湖半咸水沉积环境,并建立了义县组湖相碳酸盐岩沉积相模式。     

辽西下白垩统义县组湖相碳酸盐岩中的燧石成因

辽西义县鹰窝山下白垩统义县组砖城子层中部发育一套湖相碳酸盐岩,可识别出4种岩相类型,其中角砾化团块灰岩相中含有大量燧石,所含的燧石可据形态划分为结核状、透镜状和团块状3种类型,据颜色和透明度识别出两种类型。燧石以微晶石英和玉髓为主,含少量的白云石和方解石晶粒。该岩相系相对干旱气候背景下的洪积-漫湖沉积体系中较浅储水洼地沉积,火山活动也具一定的影响力。     

湘南泥盆系碳酸盐岩中氧、碳同位素组成特点

湘南泥盆系碳酸盐岩的沉积环境，可以区别为四种类型：台地相、广海陆棚相、生物礁相及台盆相。69个样品的氧、碳同位素分析结果表明，从台地-广海陆栅-台盆，随着沉积深度的增加，以及沉积环境由局限到开放的变化，碳酸盐岩的氧、碳同位素组成具有同步增加的趋势。     

辽西义县组碳酸盐岩夹层及其环境意义

义县组是热河生物群最繁盛的层位,它承载了热河生物群演化的重要信息,开展义县组沉积环境的深入研究是认识和恢复热河生物群生活环境的有效途径.辽西地区义县组中夹有多层碳酸盐岩沉积层,所含沉积环境信息丰富.通过碳酸盐岩的研究,获取碎屑岩中丢失的环境信息,并与碎屑岩沉积层的研究相结合,为恢复辽西地区义县期热河生物群的古地理、古气...     

中国湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素时空特征及其古湖泊学意义

湖相碳酸盐岩是一种分布极其广泛的陆相碳酸盐岩。中国湖相碳酸盐岩沉积始于二叠纪—三叠纪,经侏罗纪—白垩纪发展,鼎盛于古近纪,具有沉积时间跨度长、分布面积广的特征。碳酸盐岩发育方式多样,常以多个单层、薄夹层状、互层状、韵律沉积为主,也见以结核状或钙质微体化石等薄层赋存于泥岩、页岩等细粒碎屑岩中。湖相碳酸盐岩δ¹³C值介于-10.0×10^-3~+10.0×10^-3之间,多数为-5.0×10^-3~+5.0×10^-3,正负值均有。二叠系—三叠系δ¹³C发生负偏,侏罗系—白垩系先正向漂移随后负偏,古近系—新近系再次正偏,达最大值约+5.0×10^-3。氧同位素δ¹⁸O值介于-20.0×10^-3~+2.0×10^-3之间,多数为-15.0×10^-3~-0.0×10^-3,几乎全部为负值。二叠系—三叠系、侏罗系—白垩系碳酸盐岩δ¹⁸O值在-15.0×10^-3~-3.0×10^-3之间变化,古近系—新近系δ¹⁸O值明显正偏移,多数位于-10.0×10^-3~0.0×10^-3。中国湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素相关性分析表明,δ¹³C与δ¹⁸O密切相关,且δ¹³C值多正值或轻微负值,指示湖泊为封闭型咸水—半咸水环境;δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O不相关,δ¹³C值为负值,指示湖泊为开放型淡水环境。     

柴达木盆地新生代湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学及碳氧同位素特征

在岩石学分析基础上,结合碳氧同位素分析方法对柴达木盆地大红沟和鄂博梁剖面上、下干柴沟组湖相碳酸盐岩样品进行系统研究,试图阐述不同类型湖相碳酸盐岩的古气候特征,研究该时期柴达木盆地古气候演化历史。结果显示:该地区湖相碳酸盐岩可以分为生屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、藻灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩5大类。不同类型的碳酸盐岩样品的碳、氧同位素组成特征存在明显区别,鲕粒灰岩δ18O和δ13C偏高,且都为正值,形成于炎热干燥的古气候和咸水沉积环境中;藻灰岩类明显富集13C的特点与藻类等水生生物活动密切相关,反映沉积于温暖干燥气候背景下的一个水体盐度偏高的稳定水体之中;生屑灰岩和砂屑灰岩类δ18O和δ13C都比较集中,且表现出明显的低值,反映形成于温暖湿润气候条件下且具淡水补给的开放性湖泊环境;泥晶灰岩类样品的δ18O和δ13C之间具有一定的正相关性,反映发育在水体停滞、蒸发作用明显的咸水型湖泊体系。     

青藏高原碱化湖泊沉积碳酸盐岩碳,氧稳定同位素组成及其地质意义

青藏高原咸化湖泊沉积碳酸盐岩的碳、氧稳定同位素分析数据表明,咸化湖泊沉积 碳酸盐岩富集13C和18O,在很大程度上同海洋沉积碳酸盐岩的13C、18O同位素区间值重叠,也具 有较高的Z值。所以,在运用13C、18O稳定同位素值或Keith和Weber的区分侏罗纪以来的海洋、 淡水沉积碳酸盐岩的Z值时,应考虑陆相咸化湖泊沉积碳酸盐岩的特点,以便正确地确定沉积环 境。     

西藏岗巴地区海相上白垩统碳、氧同位素对比实验结果偏差分析

对西藏南部岗巴地区上白垩统部分全岩样品进行了碳、氧同位素不同实验室、不同时间的对比实验，目的在于了解样品处理过程可能对试验结果的影响程度。结果发现，不同实验室的结果偏差比同一实验室不同时间的结果偏差大，碳同位素比值的偏差比氧同位素比值的偏差大。不同实验室结果偏差的关键原因是样品制备方法和岩性的不同：手工碎样、选样、磨样较难避免徽裂隙中充填的方解石脉和小型生物扰动组构对同位素值的影响，而毫米级直径钻头刮样取样则很大程度上可以避免；钙质页岩和泥灰岩受影响的程度相对较小，生物碎屑灰岩受影响较大。碳同位素比值偏差大干氧同位素。前者基数比后者大4～5倍可能是主要原因。     

西藏南部上白垩统高分辨率全岩碳同位素地层学

西藏南部上白垩统半远洋沉积高分辨率碳、氧同位素实验结果显示：δ^13C值在Cenomanian末期正偏并形成正偏“高原”,从Turonian期开始总体呈现长期持续负偏,到Campanian早期负偏达到最低值。这种长期变化格局与世界有关地区的碳同位素偏移和同期全球海侵海退旋回型式匹配性甚好,印证了晚白垩世δ^13C值长期偏移趋势可作为大区域乃至全球海平面变化的指针。短期δ^13C值波动方面,Cenomanian末期、Turonian中一晚期、Turonian-Santonian界线时期、Campanian期都存在与世界相关地区的可比性,但Coniacian-Santonian期全球碳同位素偏移型式存在较大差异。     

德国南部地区上侏罗统麻姆组碳酸盐岩碳,氧稳定同位素研究

对德国南部地区上侏罗统麻姆组碳酸盐岩系列Ｃ、Ｏ稳定同位素进行了测定与研究。结果表明,Ｃ、Ｏ同位素与非碳酸盐岩组分质量分数及层厚之间存在一定的关系。石灰岩的δ１８Ｏ值略低于泥灰岩,泥灰岩的δ１３Ｃ值则比石灰岩的约低０．６‰,随着不溶残余物质量分数的增加,δ１３Ｃ值减少。通常情况下,厚层石灰岩的δ１３Ｃ值比泥灰岩的大,其原因与沉积环境和成岩作用有关     

On the Lower Cretaceous in Yixian County of Jinzhou City, Western Liaoning, China

Traditionally, the lacustrine deposits in Yixian County of Western Liaoning have been assigned to either “the Dakangpu Bed” of the Yixian Formation or the Jiufotang Formation. However, a 206Pb/238U age of 126.47±0.87 Ma is newly obtained from the tuff sample (06051) of the lacustrine deposits in the Baitaigou fossil site of Potaizi village, Yixian County, indicating that the lacustrine deposits in Potaizi area are approximately equivalent to the Wumingshan volcanics of the Sihetun Bed of the Yixian Formation in Beipiao. From our new dating data have arisen some new problems: Where could we find the Jiufotang Formation in Yixian County? How widely distributed is the Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning? Could the traditionally named Jiufotang Formation somewhere in Western Liaoning be the synchronous deposits of other litho-units (e.g. the Yixian Formation) in different facies? Could some lacustrine deposits somewhere in Western Liaoning have been assigned to the Jiufotang Formation?     

辽宁北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积相

本文系统地论述了北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积时期的演化,将盆地演化划分为继承性初始坳陷、火山洼地、湖盆沉降与扩展三个阶段,其后由于火山作用而使盆地封闭。与盆地演化相对应,建立了盆内义县组的沉积相序,自下而上依次为冲积扇与河流相、火山沉积相、河流相、湖相(滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相,半深湖亚相,浅湖亚相,滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相)、火山溢流相,并指出火山喷发间歇期湖盆的湖水进退规律、水体性质以及沉积环境特征。     

A New Troodontid (Theropoda: Troodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

A specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, represents a new genus and species of troodontid theropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises an articulated skeleton with the presacral vertebral, shoulder girdle and forelimbs missing as preserved. Diagnostic features of the new species include nasals that are sinusoid in lateral view, absence of a passage connecting the antorbital and maxillary fenestrae, relatively large teeth, plate-like chevrons forming a band along most of the length of the tail, and a long neck between the femoral head and shaft. The temporal constraints of the three paravian groups (Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae and Aves) combined with the character distributions among the earliest known troodontids indicate a rapid evolution at the base of the Troodontidae.     

A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China

A new troodontid dinosaur,Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.,is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City,Liaoning Province,China.This well preserved skeleton provides important new details of the anatomy for Liaoning troodontids,and gives new insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolution.Daliansaurus is distinguished from other troodontids by an enlarged ungual on pedal digit IV,which is approximately the same size as the sickle-shaped second ungual,and is differentiated from other Liaoning troodontids by a number of characters of the skull,manus,pelvis,and hindlimb.A phylogenetic analysis recovers Daliansaurus within a subclade of Liaoning troodontids that also includes Sinovenator,Sinusonasus,and Mei.We erect a name for this group—Sinovenatorinae—and argue that it reflects a localized radiation of small-bodied troodontids in the Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia,similar to previously recognized radiations of Liaoning dromaeosaurids and avialans.As more Liaoning theropods are discovered,it is becoming apparent that small,feathered paravians were particularly diverse during the Early Cretaceous,and future work is needed to clarify how this diversity arose,which species coexisted,and how these numerous species partitioned niches.     

A New Angiosperm Genus from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Western Liaoning, China

The abundant fossils of early angiosperms found in the Yixian Formation (125 Ma, Early Cretaceous) have demonstrated unexpectedly high diversity and various reproductive strategies, and thus have shed new light on early angiosperm evolution. Here, using light microscope and scanning electron microscope, we document several fructifications of Baicarpus gen. nov. from Liaoning province, China. Each fructification of the new taxon includes several apocarpous carpels/fruits attached in an urn-formed gynobase. Each fruit/carpel has a persistent straight style and an ovary enclosing a single seed. These fossil plants demonstrate a new floral organization and thus enhance our understanding of the diversity of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation. Together with previously reported ones, this fossil angiosperm suggests an origin time for angiosperms earlier than widely accepted.     

辽宁省四合屯下白垩统义县组的兽脚类足迹化石和可能的造迹者

记述了辽宁省四合屯下白垩统义县组三个半恐龙足迹,归入似鹬龙足迹（亦译为跷脚龙足迹）一未定种（Grallator isp.）。这是义县组恐龙足迹化石的首次描述。该行迹至少由3个造迹者所造。从足迹推断恐龙体长1.51m,属于义县组兽脚类恐龙较为普遍的体长范围。重建了尾羽鸟(Caudipteryx)和中华龙鸟(Sinosauropteryx)的足部,前者的足迹轮廓与似鹬龙足迹未定种的吻合度超过后者。根据化石记录,似鹬龙足迹类型可能广泛存在于义县组的各种中小型兽脚类（驰龙类与伤齿龙类除外）中。     

Early-diverging Titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Southeastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China

Three eusauropod teeth (SDUST-V1064, PMOL-AD00176, PMOL-ADt0005) are reported from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, southeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Two of them (SDUST-V1064, PMOL-AD00176) are assigned to early-diverging titanosauriforms in having slightly mesiodistal expansion at the base of the tooth crown, a slenderness index value >2.0 and <4.0, and D-shaped cross section. Furthermore, SDUST-V1064 and PMOL-AD00176 are referred as an Euhelopus-like titanosauriform on the basis of having a sub-circular boss on the lingual surface and an asymmetrical crown-root margin which slants apically, respectively.