SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FACING CHALLENGESIN 21ST CENTURY

ISUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS UNDER UN－guiding human forward．he author pointed out manyCEASINGCHALLENGES times that sustainable developmentwas a correctstrategic selectlonforhumanfuture and It representedaThe Zlst Century has come，people have many newdevelopmentoutlook，strategic vie呷olntandvalueforecasts and long for a wonde山lprospect．The 21st（CHEN，1997；200a；200b）．Century lsa bio－sclentmc era，an economic global－The authoralso pointed out th…     

Research on natural resources and environmental geology for urban sustainable development: a case study of Kunming

There exists synchronous growth in resources consumption and environment pollution in Kunming urbanization in recent years, which has led to the increasing pressure of urban sustainable development. Considering the environmental and social benefits in Kunming’s water resources sustainable development, the authors provided a research finding the optimal urban population scale in different stages for urban water supply based on the sustainable development groundwater evaluating theoretical model. Through the research on the availability of construction site as well as the risk in underground space exploitation with the extenics theory method, we get a suitable partition map of land for urban construction and a risky partition map of underground space development. The results show that the appropriate population scale of Kunming will be less than 2.96×106 by 2020, and will reach (4.34--2.96)×106 optimized population scale after 2020 under the condition of economic-socially and environmentally sustainable development. It is significant to optimize urban construction land and use underground space under the condition of land resources sustainability in Kunming.     

陕西省关中区域中心城市大气污染经济损失分析

在陕西省关中区域中心城市建设发展和环境状况资料调查和统计的基础上,应用市场价值、人力资本、机会成本法等环境经济分析的原理与方法,对5个中心城市大气污染造成的经济损失进行了分析计算,得出了污染经济损失估算值,从经济角度分析了环境污染造成的损失。     

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN CHINA

China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1 ) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment; 5) to establish new idea of sea defending.     

Assessment of Sustainable Development System in Suihua City, China

Sustainable development is a complex and systemic issue. It is essential to study it by the component analysis method from the view of system science. The urban developmental sustainability is one of focuses that people has paid more attention to, however, little common understanding how to measure and evaluate the sustainability has been gotten. In this paper, a framework is designed to evaluate the developmental sustainability of Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province in China from the aspects of economy, society, population, resources and environment. We adopt the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to decrease dimensions and simplify the original indexes into 12 indexes. Also, the hierarchy and comprehensive multiple-criterion evaluative methods are employed to assess the sustainable development system in Suihua City. Then, the weights of indexes are attained by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Furthermore, urban comprehensive development level, developmental sustainability, coordinate degree are calculated and analyzed. By analyzing, we know the fluctuation of development level of subsystem, especially resources and environment subsystem, is acute. The comprehensive development level of sustainable development system in Suihua has been on the rise since 1999. That results from the effect of traditional economic development mode with high energy-consumed being decreased in the city after 1999. At the same time, it is obvious that there was an instability of development level in Suihua City during 1990-2002, with a turn in 1998, and the development could be sustainable, the status trend was more harmonious in 1999-2002.     

AN ASSESSMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPING CAPABILITY OF INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL REGIONALIZATION IN CHINA

Based on the provincial units evaluation,this paper makes an assessment for sustainable developing capability of the integrated agricultural regionalization in China.At first ,an index system of agricultural sustainable development in China is built up,which includes 5 supporting subsystems of agricultural resources,agricultural develop-ment ,environment and ecosystem,rural society,sciences-esucation and management.We selected 95 factors on provin-cial level as basic indexes.Second,a relative assets/debt assessing method is used to gain relative net assets values (relative superiority) of every provincial unit,which are as supporting data for assessment.We also overlaid the Administra-tive Divisions Map of China and the Map of Integrated Agricultural Regionalization of China by Geography Information Sys-tem(GIS) to gain the area units of assessment.Third,according to the relative coherence principle of regionalization,we transform administration units to natural units through homogenizing all provincial relative net assets values in every agricultural assessing unit.After making order and grade,we complete the sustainable developing capability assessment to integrated agricultural regionalization in China.The assessing outcome shows that the total sustainable agricultural devdelop-ing capability of China is not high.Only about 1/3 in number or in area has reached the level of agricultural sustainable development.The relative net assets values exists a reducing trend from East China to West China.It needs a long period and great efforts to realize sustainable agricultural development over all China.Finally,there is a discussion to the study method.     

国家可持续发展综合实验区的可持续发展公共信息网研究

国家“九五”科技攻关计划在国家可持续发展综合实验区建立了可持续发展公共信息网示范工程。本文介绍该示范工程的主要研究内容及成果;提出以发展为重点,通过资源、环境、经济、社会的动态平衡实现可持续发展的建模思路;提出“发展牵引”、“诊断决策”两种不同的可持续发展信息化类型;建立时空一体化、历史模拟、仿真预测、空间配准、知识能力建设以及环境与生态承载能力制约等模型和示范区的可持续发展公共信息网;介绍了可持续发展水平时空动态分析和农作物种植结构调整2个应用实例。该示范工程的完成,极大地推动了示范区信息化建设。     

我国循环经济的发展基础与技术体系分析

循环经济是贯彻和落实科学发展观,促进经济增长方式的转变,实现可持续发展战略目标的重要途径,本文分析了循环经济的产生和发展,分析了我国发展循环经济的紧迫性,提出循环经济的科学内涵和推动循环经济发展的若干关键。科学是第一生产力,本文特别提出加强循环经济的基础科学研究,建立循环经济技术体系,加快科技体制改革和加强循环经济科技示范区等意见。     

人群动态的观测理论及其未来发展思考

在“新冠”肺炎疫情发展过程中,人群动态的观测理论研究与应用受到了国内外许多研究人员和民众的重点关注,特别是公共卫生学、临床医学、地理学、公共管理学等多学科交叉,探索科学的疫情动态监测、精准防控、准确预测与有效应对等方面的理论与方法。本文首先系统介绍人群动态的观测理论研究背景和意义,概括地描述其核心的3个问题（观测其如何变、分析其为何变、控制其如何变）,从信息地理学、测绘学等领域角度阐述人群动态的观测理论研究意义及其学科价值。接着,围绕人群动态的观测与时空应用,本文阐述地理时空大数据背景下人群动态的关键观测理论框架（如基础时空理论、时空定量与综合观测理论、时空过程优化理论等）,及其所存在的瓶颈问题和发展需求。然后,结合未来理论研究与关注变化,阐述了4个典型的人群动态观测理论趋势变化,包括：数字化社会治理与公共安全/卫生应急等需求驱动下的精细化观测、公共利益至上与个人保护最大化兼顾下的差异化观测、对人观测与对地观测的集成化观测理论发展、高阶需求层次管控与服务的人群动态观测理论突破。最后,本文强调在多学科交叉背景下,指出重点发展人群大数据感知、多空间精细化观测、人地系统化建模等方面的基础理论与方法,实现差异化、集成化、层次化的对人观测,系统支撑面向地学的研究与时空应用,科学支撑不可逆的管理、控制、服务等社会治理现实应用决策。该方面理论研究,将对“新城镇化”、“美丽中国”、“人工智能”、“新基建”等国家战略中城市和区域的绿色、高效、智慧与可持续发展等都有重要支撑作用。     

可持续发展与现代化转型

提出社会发展综合动力观 ,揭示精神文化因素是经济社会可持续发展的动力资源和“另一只看不见的手”。分析了可持续发展对现代化理论的扬弃与创新 ,批判了工具文明的弊端及负面效应 ,重审人类共同选择———现代化文明转型的价值尺度和终极目标 ,展望了中国转型的核心、主题和历史归宿 :由农业文明向工具文明、从工业文明向可持续发展文明的双重超越     

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF RFGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Meeting the challenge of sustainable development requires substantial advances in understanding the interaction of natural and human systems. The dynamics of regional sustainable development could be addressed in the context of complex system thinking. Three features of complex systems are that they are uncertain, non-linear and self-organizing. Modeling regional development requires a consideration of these features. This paper discusses the feasibility of using the artificial neural networt(ANN) to establish an adjustment prediction model for the complex systems of sustainable development (CSSD). Shanghai Municipality was selected as the research area to set up the model, from which reliable prediction data were produced in order to help regional development planning. A new approach, which could help to manage regional sustainable development, is then explored.     

Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

ＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＩＤＡＬＦＬＡＴＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＳＵＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥ,ＣＨＩＮＡ①ＨｕａｎｇＱｉａｏｈｕａ（黄巧华）１ＣｈｅｎＦａｎｇ（陈方）１,２ＺｈｕＤａｋｕｉ（朱大奎）１１...     

可持续发展与合理代价思维

21世纪，可持续发展战略成为全人为的共同选择，在中国改革开放时期，可持续发展战略更具有极强的针对性，避免不必要的损失而实现环境、资源、经济、人口、社会的可持续发展，探讨了以最小的代价获取合理性发展，关键是用合理代价思维调控和指导社会的发展。     

循环经济又好又快促进区域持续发展

循环经济是一种区域可持续发展的生态经济,也是我国全面建设小康社会和加快推进现代化发展阶段的一种新“社会-经济”模式。本文探讨了对循环经济的理念与共识,及其发展基础。同时,以上海、北京等大城市开始萌发的循环经济新模式,评述国内外对循环经济普及开发的案例。指出循环经济是推进区域经济可持续发展,保护资源与环境的重要战略之一。     

APPLICATION OF FUZZY OPTIMIZATION MODEL IN ECOLOGICAL SECURITY PRE-WARNING

1INTRODUCTIONAs the basis of the human existence and sustainable de-velopment, the ecological security has become a prob-lem increasingly inviting the attention of the whole so-cietyand the government. Ecological security pre-warn-ing is a kind of early i…     

Sustainable development and coastal management of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province, China

With huge area, favorable light, heat and water conditions, rich biological diversity, and a unique ecological system of submarine sand ridges, Jiangsu tidal flat has great significance to its economic development. Based on the geomorphological characteristics, Jiangsu tidal flat is dynamically divided into stable, erosional and accumulative types. In light of resources distribution, evolution rules of Jiangsu tidal flat, existing problems in coastal management, exploitation and utilization, the sustainable development theory is applied to guide the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of tidal flat. Taking different regions with different local conditions in consideration, and in order to make economic development coordinate with local resources and environments, four regional sustainable development models, i.e. (A) Abandoned Huanghe (Yellow) River delta section for salt and aquatic products industries, (B) Sheyang section for reed, aquaculture and rare animal protection, (C) Dafeng and Dongtai section for agricultural comprehensive exploitation, (D) Nantong section for aquaculture and agriculture, are suggested. Meanwhile, the paper takes the guiding ideology of sustainable development to be reflected in modern integrated coastal management and legislation. Supported by Natural Sciences Foundation of Fujian (D 97006) and State Pilot Laboratory of Coast & Island Exploitation, Nanjing University.     

Major problems of sustainable development along the bank area of the Changjiang River

TheChangiiangRiverisrichinfreshwaterandwaterpowerresources,themeanrunoffandwaterpoweroftheriverareabout37%and52%respectivelyoftotalonesofChina.Inaddition,theChanaiiangRiverhastheimmensenavigationpotentialandvaluableshorelineresources,thenavigablelengthreaches364okmandtheallshorelinelengthisabout6OOokmfromYihinCitytotheestuary.Moreover,theChangiiangRiver,withtheadvantagesofsuitablelocationandbroadhinterland,crossesEast,MiddleandWestEco-nomicZonewithdifferenteconomiclevelsofChina,soitsuniq…     

城市化进程与城市可持续发展

全球城市化在带动经济发展的同时也带来了一系列的问题,即所谓的“城市病”,实现城市可持续发展是解决这些问题的必由之路,在分析城市化现象带来的问题之后,讨论了实施城市可持续发展的可行性和必要性,并就如何实施我国城市可持续发展提出了一些建议。