Prediction of three-dimensional ocean temperature in the South China Sea based on time series gridded data and a dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network

Ocean temperature is an important physical variable in marine ecosystems,and ocean temperature prediction is an important research objective in ocean-related fields.Currently,one of the commonly used methods for ocean temperature prediction is based on data-driven,but research on this method is mostly limited to the sea surface,with few studies on the prediction of internal ocean temperature.Existing graph neural network-based methods usually use predefined graphs or learned static graphs,which cannot capture the dynamic associations among data.In this study,we propose a novel dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network(DSTGN)to predict three-dimensional ocean temperature(3D-OT),which combines static graph learning and dynamic graph learning to automatically mine two unknown dependencies between sequences based on the original 3D-OT data without prior knowledge.Temporal and spatial dependencies in the time series were then captured using temporal and graph convolutions.We also integrated dynamic graph learning,static graph learning,graph convolution,and temporal convolution into an end-to-end framework for 3D-OT prediction using time-series grid data.In this study,we conducted prediction experiments using high-resolution 3D-OT from the Copernicus global ocean physical reanalysis,with data covering the vertical variation of temperature from the sea surface to 1 000 m below the sea surface.We compared five mainstream models that are commonly used for ocean temperature prediction,and the results showed that the method achieved the best prediction results at all prediction scales.     

低温胁迫下南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L-4细胞质膜透性及重要无机离子变化的研究

设-5,0,6℃三种温度,测定其对南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L-4细胞膜相对透性的影响。结果表明,在-5℃的冰冻状态,Chlorophyceae L-4的质膜可以维持相对的稳定性,从而可以维持细胞膜的正常功能和细胞内环境的稳定。X-射线微区分析结果表明,温度对细胞质内的主要无机离子Ca2 ,Na ,K 和Cl-含量影响不同,无机离子在Chlorophyceae L-4的低温生存中发挥一定的作用。Ca2 在Chlorophyceae L-4细胞中同Ca2 在高等植物中的作用一样,在Chlorophyceae L-4的抗冷生理中发挥第二信使的功能。Chlorophyceae L-4在-6℃条件下,Ca2 的含量在短时间内(6~12 h)迅速增加,此后,Ca2 迅速回到正常水平。因此,维持Ca2 的含量的稳态和活跃的Ca2 转运系统,对南极冰藻的低温生存是有利的。在低温下,维持细胞质中K 的含量稳定,以及Na ,Cl-等的平衡,对南极冰藻的低温生存也有重要的意义。