单景卫星遥感影像目标运动信息提取技术

深入分析了高分辨率卫星遥感线阵推扫成像过程中运动目标影像的时空移变特性,充分利用卫星多线阵推扫成像传感器排布特点和卫星成像时间、姿态和轨道等辅助参数,建立了线阵推扫时空移变成像模型。提出了一种基于单景卫星影像不同波段信息的目标运动信息提取方法,并采用资源三号多光谱影像进行了飞机飞行速度信息提取试验。试验结果验证了基于单景卫星影像提取速度信息的有效性和稳定性。     

多源异构遥感影像联合定位模型研究

在分析不同载体和不同传感器影像定位模型的基础上,对现有航空航天光学与雷达遥感影像的构像方程和定位模型进行改造或重建,并从构像方程、轨道姿态精化模型和测量数据处理等方面着手,在内定向和轨道姿态测量精度较高的条件下,通过对传感器参数和平差参数的配置,实现多源异构遥感影像一体化"空中三角测量"     

缺少控制点的卫星遥感影像外推定位

简要介绍了遥感卫星轨道参数外推、传感器姿态和扫描侧视角精化的算法,分析了对国内某地区同一轨道上连续17景资源二号卫星影像进行外推对地目标定位的试验结果。在无地面控制点情况下,根据外推出的遥感卫星系统参数对单景影像实施几何纠正,当外推16景影像(深度达480km)时,对地目标定位精度不低于实地上的100m,明显好于利用卫星星历数据直接进行影像几何纠正的568m精度,从而验证了所建立外推模型的正确性和实用性。     

高分辨率卫星遥感立体影像处理模型与算法

基于高分辨率遥感影像的空间信息处理技术是当前数字摄影测量、地理信息系统及其相关学科的重点研究领域。本文主要针对高分辨率卫星遥感影像中的线阵CCD推扫式立体影像 ,从传感器几何模型、影像核线模型、影像匹配方面进行了理论和应用技术的系统研究 ,初步建立了线阵CCD推扫式遥感影像摄影测量处理的技术基础 ,并探讨了高分辨率遥感影像上规则地物的快速提取技术。本文的研究主要体现在以下几个方面。1 .针对高分辨率遥感卫星影像长焦距、窄视场角的特点 ,鉴于传统的严格传感器模型由于定向参数相关而引起不稳定性的缺点 ,从平行投影的…     

长条带卫星线阵影像区域网平差研究

首先比较基于轨道参数和基于卫星状态矢量的航天影像定位轨道模型,提出一种针对非精密星历数据的轨道拟合与状态矢量插值方法,并在飞行坐标系中建立适合长条带卫星影像定位的轨道修正模型。其次,分析地球自转对卫星线阵影像严密定位建模的影响,通过对姿态航偏角的适应性处理,直接在地固地心直角坐标系中建立了基于卫星状态矢量的航天线阵影像构像方程和区域网联合平差模型。论文以中国西部测图工程的塔里木盆地4对(8景)SPOT5/HRS长条带立体影像为数据源,针对不同控制点数目与分布,进行了不同方案的组合定位试验。结果表明:稀少控制点条件下检查点统计精度达到了8.09m。     

长条带卫星线阵影像区域网平差研究

本文首先比较了基于轨道参数和基于卫星状态矢量的航天影像定位模型,提出了一种针对非精密星历数据的轨道拟合与状态矢量插值方法,并在飞行坐标系中建立了适合长条带卫星影像定位的轨道修正模型。其次,分析了地球自转对卫星线阵影像严密定位建模的影响,通过对姿态航偏角的适应性处理,建立了基于地固地心直角坐标系卫星状态矢量的航天线阵影像构像方程和区域网联合平差模型。最后以中国西部测图工程的塔里木盆地4对(8景)SPOT5/HRS长条带立体影像为数据源,针对不同控制点数目与分布,进行了不同方案的组合定位试验。结果表明：稀少控制点条件下检查点统计精度达到了8.09 m。     

雷达影像几何构像距离-共面方程

几何构像方程是遥感影像摄影测量最基本最重要的公式,简洁性和严密性是其能得到广泛应用的必要条件。本文分析了姿态对侧视雷达影像成像的影响,以传感器位置和姿态(外方位元素)作为定向参数,根据侧视雷达成像的距离和波束中心共面(Range-Coplanarity,R-Cp)条件构建了一种简洁严密的几何构像方程。该方程考虑了姿态参数对雷达影像严密定位的影响,反映了侧视雷达遥感影像的成像几何原理,避开了复杂的成像参数,实现了雷达影像与光学影像严密构像模型定向参数的统一。定位试验精度优于LeberlF模型和KonecnyG模型。该方程的特点表明其在侧视雷达遥感影像的摄影测量领域中有着一定的应用潜力。     

SAR影像几何校正

SAR影像的几何校正是阻碍其应用的瓶颈问题，目前所用的方法都有其局限性。介绍描述SAR构像几何的坐标系统及距离－多普勒方程，同时，介绍卫星轨道及描述卫星轨道的参数。为提高几何校正的精度，提出一种由几个离散点的值内插整个弧段上卫星状态向量的轨道模拟算法。在此基础上，给出利用DEM进行SAR影像几何校正的方法。该方法以时间参数为自变量，迭代解算距离－多普勒方程，计算DEM中点每一点对应的影像坐标，最后进行了实验与讨论。     

国产推扫式测图卫星影像几何精度评估模型

系统全面地分析并论证了国产推扫式测图卫星影像的几何精度,对卫星测图应用以及后续测绘卫星设计等都具有积极意义。从测图卫星几何成像机理出发,较为系统地分析了卫星成像过程中的轨道误差、姿态误差、时间误差、相机内部误差和星载设备安装误差等对卫星影像平面和高程几何定位误差的影响状况,定量分析并推导了各类误差源对影像几何精度的影响程度,设计并提出了国产推扫式测图卫星影像几何精度评估模型和方法。采用资源三号卫星立体影像开展实验,结果表明,所提出的影像几何精度评估模型获取的理论精度与实验精度符合度较好,模型具有合理性和科学性。     

光学与SAR卫星遥感影像复合式“立体”定位技术的研究

针对某些特殊区域因气候或污染造成立体成像测图的困难,尝试将光学与SAR卫星遥感影像联立构成“立体像对”进行复合式定位,并对其原理与方法进行研究与试验。以线阵CCD构像模型及F．Leberl公式为基础,利用若干地面控制点对线阵CCD影像和SAR影像分别进行外定向,再依据外定向参数将两种影像构成一“立体像对”,从而建立复合式立体定位的数学模型,在已知一组同名像点的情况下,即可解算出相应地面点的大地坐标。初步试验表明,将具有一定重叠范围的多源卫星遥感影像构成“立体像对”进行复合式定位是可行的,且复合式立体定位可取得接近于传统立体像对的定位精度。     

Evaluation of the RPC Model for Ziyuan-3 Three-line Array Imagery

Ziyuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite is the first civilian stereo mapping satellite in China and was designed to achieve the 1: 50,000 scale mapping for land and ocean. Rigorous sensor model (RSM) is required to build the relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) object space and two-dimensional (2D) image space of ZY-3 satellite imagery. However, each satellite sensor has its own imaging system with different physical sensor models, which increase the difficulty of geometric integration of multi-source images with different sensor models. Therefore, it is critical to generate generic model, especially rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) of optical imagery. Recently, relatively a few researches have been conducted on RPCs generation to ZY-3 satellite. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the performance of RPCs generation from RSM of ZY-3 imagery. Three scenario experiments with different terrain features (such as ocean, hill, city and grassland) are designed and conducted to comprehensively evaluate the replacement accuracies of this approach and analyze the RPCs fitting error. All the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved the encouraging accuracy of better than 1.946E?04 pixel in both x-axis direction and y-axis direction, and it indicates that the RPCs are suitable for ZY-3 imagery and can be used as a replacement for the RSM of ZY-3 imagery.     

高分辨率卫星影像几何精度真实性检验方法

以日本ALOS卫星为例,分析了线阵推扫式卫星影像成像特征,从理论上阐述利用严密成像几何模型建立卫星影像像点与物点之间的成像几何关系,并利用光束法区域网平差技术对影像几何精度进行真实性检验的方法。在实验部分,基于中国嵩山遥感几何定标场的参考数据,对ALOS卫星影像的几何精度进行了验证,获取了它的有控和无控的定位精度,并用解算的外方位元素建立立体模型,检测不同地形生成DEM精度。     

Three-Dimensional Geopositioning Accuracy of Ikonos Imagery

An investigation of the accuracy potential of Ikonos 1m satellite imagery is reported. Three sensor orientation/triangulation models are applied to stereo- and three-image configurations of "Geo" imagery with the aim of achieving 3D geopositioning to sub-metre accuracy. The models considered comprise rational functions with bias compensation, affine projection and the direct linear transformation. Test results from the Melbourne Ikonos Testfield are reported and these show that with modest provision of good quality ground control, Ikonos "Geo" imagery can yield 3D object-point determination to an accuracy of 0.5m in planimetry and 0.7m in height. The accuracy achieved is not only consistent with expectations for rigorous sensor orientation models, but is also readily attainable in practice with only a small number of ground control points being required     

高分四号静止轨道卫星高精度在轨几何定标

高分四号是世界上第一颗静止轨道高分辨率光学遥感卫星,高精度的几何定标是确保其成像几何质量的关键。本文分析了静止轨道卫星成像几何误差源及成像区域特点,提出了其严格几何成像模型;并在此基础上提出了静止轨道卫星面阵传感器在轨几何定标模型与定标参数估计方案。本文利用Landsat 8数字正射影像与GDEM2数字高程模型对高分四号卫星进行在轨几何定标,结果表明,通过严格的几何定标,可见光近红外传感器与中红外传感器的内部畸变在沿轨与垂轨方向上均稳定优于1个像素,通过统计分析可知,高分四号静止轨道卫星影像的绝对定位精度会受到成像时间与成像角度的影响而存在显著的波动。     

国产光学卫星影像RPC制作

有理函数模型(Rational Polynomial Coefficients,RPC)是一种常用的影像几何关系表达模型,可以用于精确表达所有影像的成像几何关系,正广泛地被业界所接受.本文在国产光学卫星严密成像几何模型基础上,介绍了RPC模型和无偏估计参数求解算法.利用资源一号02B星、资源二号03星数据进行实验的结果证明了方法的正确性以及RPC模型对国产卫星影像的适应性.     

资源三号卫星成像在轨几何定标的探元指向角法

从资源三号卫星（ZY-3）影像严格几何模型出发,通过对星敏感器坐标系下各CCD探元指向角的分析,提出一种ZY-3成像在轨几何定标的探元指向角法。经对嵩山和洛阳两个试验区     

Comparison of two physical sensor models for satellite images: Position–Rotation model and Orbit–Attitude model

The main objective of this paper is to compare two types of physical sensor models of linear pushbroom satellite images: one that uses position and rotation angles as model parameters and one that uses orbit and attitude angles as model parameters. Comparison is carried out by two accuracy measures: the accuracy of bundle adjustments and the accuracy of estimating exterior orientation parameters. The first measure has been used widely to indicate the mapping accuracy of sensor models. It is argued that the second measure is also important for certain applications. The two types were implemented with different sets of unknown parameters and tested with two KOMPSAT-1 Earth Observing Camera (EOC) scenes and GPS-derived control points. In terms of the first measure the two models produced similar results whereas in terms of the second measure the one based on orbit and attitude outperformed the other. It seems better to use this model if one wishes to retrieve satellite orbit or attitude through bundle adjustments.     

Progress in the Development of a High Performance Airborne Digital Sensor

Joint development work by LH Systems and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center) has produced encouraging results using forward, nadir and backward looking linear arrays on the focal plane to provide panchromatic imagery and geometric information, supplemented by further arrays to acquire multispectral imagery suitable for both high precision photogrammetric mapping and image processing for interpretative purposes. The geometric characteristics of line scanner imagery necessitate line-by-line rectification for aircraft tilts and shifts. Satisfactory execution of this process is enhanced by using supplementary data from high performance, on-board GPS and inertial measurement systems. Similarly, high demands are placed on other sub-systems, such as the camera mount, lens, electronics and storage technology. In addition to rectification for aircraft tilts and shifts, rectification for terrain characteristics is also required in order to generate colour and false colour composite images, since the various multispectral arrays are in different places on the focal plane. The special geometry affects triangulation. Thereafter, the imagery can be processed using existing software packages from both photogrammetry and remote sensing.
The concept has been demonstrated in several successful test flights and the production model is scheduled for market introduction at the ISPRS Congress in July 2000. The imagery from the new sensor will fulfil many market requirements between the highest resolution film imagery (<0.1 m) and high resolution space imagery (1m to 10 m). The sensor's unique blend of multispectral information with high quality geometric information will give rise to numerous new applications.     

轨道约束的资源三号标准景影像区域网平差

考虑到同轨道拍摄的长条带卫星影像具有相同的误差分布特性,针对资源三号的标准景影像产品,提出了基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差方法。首先,根据同轨相邻影像的偏移量计算轨道影像坐标系下的像点坐标;其次,通过同轨每景影像的RFM重新生成轨道影像的RFM,同时生成补偿格网;然后,根据基于像方仿射变换的RFM对轨道影像进行区域网平差;最后,利用求得的轨道影像的仿射变换参数重新计算原始单景影像的仿射变换参数。利用不同地区资源三号测绘卫星影像数据的试验表明,基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差（以下简称轨道平差）在稀疏控制条件下,其精度明显好于单景影像平差的精度。在6控情况下,太行山试验区达到平面2.504m高程3.117m,在渭南试验区达到了平面4.061m高程2.895m。试验结果证明了轨道平差的有效性和可行性。