辽东-吉南Fe- 菱镁矿 Cu-Au成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析

辽东-吉南成矿带是2008年确定的首批16个重要成矿带之一,随着新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,需要对其开展新一轮研究总结。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,将其命名为"辽东-吉南Fe-菱镁矿-Cu-Au成矿带"并对其开展成矿作用类型及勘查部署综合研究。该区带范围与III级成矿带辽东(隆起)Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-U-硼-菱镁矿-滑石-石墨-金刚石成矿带一致,结合区域成矿地质背景、成矿作用类型及典型矿床的综合研究,初步建立了辽东-吉南Fe-菱镁矿-Cu-Au成矿带成矿谱系,并将其主要成矿期归纳为三期:新太古代、古元古代和中生代燕山期;在典型矿床成矿地质特征及潜力评价综合分析的基础上,总结了研究区主要成矿类型为沉积变质型铁-菱镁矿、火山沉积-变质改造型铜锌矿、沉积变质-叠加改造型铅锌矿、岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿、岩浆热液型金矿以及造山带型金矿。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区Fe、菱镁矿、Cu、Au潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了12个远景区,其中10个为重点远景区,2个为远景调查区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。     

中国菱镁矿成矿规律及资源潜力分析

提要：菱镁矿是中国的优势矿种之一,具有资源量丰富、分布比较集中、成矿类型较单一、品质优良等特点。文章在全国矿产资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了中国菱镁矿的成矿规律,建立了全国菱镁矿的预测类型谱系,分析总结了沉积变质型菱镁矿、与超基性岩有关的风化淋滤型菱镁矿以及湖相沉积型菱镁矿的典型矿床特征,并分别建立了成矿模式。文章划分了7个菱镁矿的成矿区带,分别对各带的资源潜力进行了探讨。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Silver Deposits in China

China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China’s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type(including vein type and stratabound type),sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of "Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China" and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China.     

特大型银矿床地质特征及找矿方向

特大型银矿床在资源占有量上占举足轻重的地位,使之已经成为近年来重要的研究课题之一.从已知的国内外特大型银矿床入手,在成矿时间、空间以及成矿特征方面进行了深入的研究.提出了特大型银矿床的主要成矿地质特征、矿床类型划分方案及在我国的找矿方向.概括如下:(1)已知特大型银矿床均分布于环太平洋成矿带内,主要受控于中生代、新生代的火山岩带和裂谷带之中,多数矿床与中酸性-酸性岩浆活动有关;(2)特大型银矿床以成矿系列为主要线索,划分为浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和5元素型;(3)中国在中新生代火山岩及裂谷发育地区,如大兴安岭-太行山带等,具有特大型银矿床的成矿潜力.     

西非矿产资源的地质背景及重要成矿分区

西西非地区蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,尤其以产出众多大型超大型的铝土矿、铁矿、金矿、金刚石矿等著称,在全球占有重要地位。矿床集中分布在三个构造域内,形成于不同的成矿期:(1)太古宙马恩(Man)地盾和雷圭巴特(Reguibat)地盾、古元古界莱奥(Leo)地盾及凯涅巴(Kéniéba)和卡伊(Kayes)构造窗,主要成矿事件包括在2.5-2.3Ga形成了多个巨型铁矿床;几乎所有金矿、斑岩型铜矿、铅锌矿和沉积型锰矿都形成于2.2-2.1Ga;原生金刚石矿床形成于两个时间段,分别是2.2-2.0Ga左右和中生代。(2)泛非期和海西期活动带成矿域,主要成矿事件包括前寒武纪2.1Ga左右以及680Ma左右发生的铁氧化物铜金矿床(IOCG)成矿事件,以及新元古代沉积型铁矿和磷矿。(3)克拉通内盆地和海岸盆地带,包括新生代在中生代辉绿岩之上发生的铝土矿化作用,新近纪/第四纪形成的砂矿床、鲕状铁矿床和沉积型磷矿。西非地区的矿产分布规律与成矿时代、赋矿岩石、区域构造密切相关,不同矿种区域集中分布特征明显。根据已发现的铁矿、铝土矿、金矿、金刚石矿等主要经济矿产的分布,结合区域地质背景等因素,在西非克拉通南部划分了3个重要成矿区:(1)马恩太古宙地盾铁、金刚石巨型成矿区;(2)莱奥古中元古界地盾(包括凯涅巴构造窗)金矿等巨型成矿区;(3)博韦(Bove)新元古-古生代盆地铝土矿巨型成矿区。这些巨型成矿区也是西非地区最重要的矿产地和成矿远景区。     

东天山晚古生代内生金属矿床类型和成矿作用的动力学演化规律

新疆东天山是我国重要的矿产集中区之一,并且具有良好的进一步找矿潜力。本文在对东天山成矿地质背景和古生代大量内生金属矿床系统分析的基础之上,划分出7种内生金属矿床的主要成矿类型,阐明了该区晚古生代地壳经历了拉张、挤压、碰撞、碰撞后弛张、剪切走滑和局部伸展的发展阶段,金、铜等内生金属矿床属于不同地球动力学背景下的产物。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Tungsten Deposits in China

Tungsten ore resources are abundant in China with relatively complete types of deposits. Skarn type and quartz vein type deposits are dominated in the tungsten resources, whereas quartz vein type wolframite deposits are most important in terms of exploitation and utilization. Skarn type tungsten deposits are concentratedly distributed in the central Nanling region, such as South Hunan, South Anhui and the eastern Qinling region, while quartz vein type tungsten deposits occur mainly in South China, such as West Fujian, South Jiangxi, North Guangdong and South Hunan. The most important metallogenic epoch of tungsten is the Mesozoic, while the metallogenic tectonic setting is featured by an intracontinental environment after orogeny with sever tectonic movements, deep-seated faults and frequent magmatic activities, especially Mesozoic granitoids closely related to tungsten-tin mineralization. 22 metallogenic series of ore deposits characterized by or significantly related to tungsten were defined based on precise statistic information of 1199 tungsten mining areas and thorough the summary of metallogenic regularities. Based on studies of the metallogenic regularity of tungsten deposits, skarn type (or greisen type), quartz vein type and massif-type of tungsten deposits are thought to be the key prediction types. 65 tungsten-forming belts and 22 key ore concentration areas were ascertained and a distribution map of tungsten-forming belts of China was compiled, which provided a theoretical basis for evaluation and prediction of potential tungsten resources.     

中国铁矿资源现状与铁矿实物地质资料筛选

依据我国铁矿资源的类型、成矿区（带）和赋存特点,概述了当前我国铁资源的状况,提出了铁矿资源进行实物地质资料筛选要考虑的因素。结果表明：中国铁矿床类型齐全,以沉积-变质型为主,岩浆型、接触交代-热液型次之;我国铁矿床成矿条件复杂,大型、超大型矿床少,贫矿多、富矿少,且伴（共）生有益组分多,但呈现相对集中分布的特点,主要包括鞍山-本溪、攀西-滇中、冀东-密云、长江中下游、鄂西-湘西北、邯郸-邢台等6个成矿区（带）,新疆地区铁矿资源潜力巨大,是未来找矿的重点;铁矿资源实物地质资料筛选应考虑铁矿床成矿规模、成因类型、成矿时代、成矿区（带）等因素,兼顾具有典型、潜力巨大的铁矿床作为筛选对象。     

青海省东昆仑成矿带铁矿成矿规律与找矿方向研究

东昆仑成矿带位于西域板块南缘活动带与华南板块接合部位,属昆祁秦缝合系的昆仑缝合带。区内由昆北、昆中及昆南三条呈近东西向到北西西向平行展布的区域深大断裂,构成东昆仑复杂的构造格局,由此划分出三大构造成矿单元,即东昆仑北带、中带、南带。这三条大断裂均为切穿地壳或岩石圈的区域性长期活动深大断裂,不仅构成各地质单元的边界和控制岩浆岩分布,也控制了东昆仑隆起、凹陷带沉积盆地及沉积建造的展布,与次级北西、北北西向和北东向断裂一起,把不同时代地层和部分岩体切割成规模不等的断块(条),同时不同级次的断裂构造作为成矿的导矿场和储矿场,为各类矿床的形成提供了良好的迁移通道和赋存空间。该区地层主要集中发育在前寒武纪、早古生界奥陶―志留纪、晚古生代石炭―二叠纪、中生界三叠纪及新生代几个时间段中。在区域分布上,昆中、昆北带出露地层较相近,昆南带与昆北和昆中带有显著差异,反映为不同地层分区。岩浆活动非常强烈而频繁,分布亦十分广泛,主要分布在昆仑山北坡断隆带和祁漫塔格地区,在昆仑山主脊形成著名的东昆仑山花岗岩带,昆仑山南坡出露少量中酸侵入岩。岩浆活动始于元古代,止于新生代,表现为间歇性的火山喷发与岩浆侵入频繁交替。岩性从基性、超基性到酸性均有出露。主要活动时代为加里东期、华力西期,其次为印支期、燕山期;兴凯期和前兴凯期主要以少量基性、超基性喷流活动。东昆仑成矿带是青海重要成矿带之一,东昆仑成矿带侵入岩、褶皱、断裂构造发育,岩浆活动频繁强烈,成矿地质条件十分优越,具有较大找矿潜力。该带也是青海省主要的工业矿床集中分布的地区,储量大,品位较高,矿产地集中,同时共伴生的多金属矿床也往往具有一定的规模。尤其是矽卡岩型和沉积变质型铁矿的绝大多数储量都集中在本带。铁矿床成因类型复杂多样,主要有与火山喷流沉积有关的喷流——沉积、热液交代变质改造型,沉积变质型和矽卡岩型,具备大型——超大型矿床的成矿条件。矿床多沿昆北、昆中和昆南深大断裂带分布,与次级构造及岩浆岩体关系密切。东昆仑西段是重要的大——超大型矿床找矿远景区,中段具有沉积变质型铁矿找矿前景,东段则是矽卡岩型铁矿床聚集区。该带铁矿资源量占全省的75.51%,铁矿共、伴生有用组分较多,可综合利用。接触交代型铁矿是目前开发的重点,此类型矿石质量较好,TFe品位一般在35%～55%,有害杂质硫、磷一般低于工业要求。特别是都兰、野马泉地区的铁矿多共、伴生有铅、锌、铜、金、银、锡、钴、铋、镉、硫铁矿等有益元素,需综合开发利用。由于共、伴生组分可综合利用,极大地提高了开发价值。     

全球铁矿床主要成因类型特征与重要分布区带研究

中国是全球铁矿石第一消费大国,每年进口铁矿石量已超过9亿t,进口量超过全球铁矿石贸易量的60%,对全球铁矿主要类型特征及重要分布区带总结和潜力分析研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文总结了全球铁矿资源的禀赋特征,将全球铁矿床分为BIF相关型、沉积型、火山成因型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型（矽卡岩型）5种成因类型,重点总结分析了BIF相关型和火山成因型铁矿地质特征、成因和找矿标志等。根据铁矿床产出的大地构造单元、地层层序、含矿建造特征及矿床类型、成矿时代等综合因素,在全球主要大地构造单元中共圈出33个铁矿分布区,47个铁矿重要分布区带,并对各重要分布区带的资源潜力进行了探讨。     

Assessment of Prospecting Potentiality for Superlarge Continental Volcanic Rock—Type Uranium Deposits in China

The superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits,which were discovered abroad long ago,have not ye been reported up to now in China.This is an important problem that needs to be urgently solved by uranium geologists at present.In this paper,on the basis of analyzing the metallogenic settings and geological conditions of the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits discovered in the world along with the metallogenic characteristics of those of the same type in China,the space-time distribution patterns of continental volcanics and the metallogenic potential of main tectono-volcanic belts in China are discussed,and a synthetic conclusion has been drawn that there is a possibility to discover the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits in China.Moreover,it is evidenced that the Ganhang,Nanling,Yanliao,Da Hinggan Ling and other tectono-volcanic belts possess favorable geological conditions for the formation of ssuperlarge ore deposits of the continental volcanic rock type.The intersecting and overlapping locations of the aforementioned main belts with other tectono-volcanic(-intrusive)belts are the most potential areas where the superlarge continental volcanic rock-type uranium deposits would be found.     

我国前寒武纪非金属矿产的分布及其特征

本文总结了我国前寒武纪非金属矿产的分布和特征,指出菱镁矿、硼矿、磷矿、滑石、石墨等非金属矿产赋存于不同的沉积建造、火山堆积以及不同变质岩系之中,是由古陆块的构造部位所决定的。前寒武纪非金属矿床的成矿作用与大陆地壳演化关系密切,古元古代大陆拼合焊接的造山带和新元古代稳定地块的海相沉积是两个十分重要的非金属矿产成矿构造环境,前者在中国北方（如胶辽裂谷、佳木斯地块）形成菱镁矿、硼矿、滑石矿和石墨矿等矿床,后者在南方（如扬子陆块、苏鲁大别带）主要形成磷矿床。前寒武纪产出大型、超大型非金属矿床数十个,成因类型主要有沉积变质型、岩浆热液型和沉积（弱变质）型,文中着重对硼、石墨、菱镁矿、滑石、磷矿等五个主要矿种的资源分布及矿床地质特征作了叙述。     

中国磷矿资源预测模型及找矿远景分析

[研究目的]磷矿是具有战略意义的矿产资源,2014年至今,中国地质调查局组织编写的中国矿产地质志,全面描述了中国磷矿全貌及重要成矿规律,加强了对全国磷矿矿情的掌握.本文依托中国矿产地质志项目,系统总结了中国磷矿时空分布特征,圈定了磷矿找矿远景区和磷矿重点勘查区,对未来磷矿找矿工作有一定的参考价值.[研究方法]本文选取了...     

The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World,Present Situation of Iron Resources in China,and Prospect

Abstract: The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.     

中国菱镁矿成矿地质特征与资源潜力

国土资源部为了基本摸清全国重要矿产资源“家底”,为矿产资源保障能力和勘查部署决策提供依据,开展了全国重要矿产资源潜力评价项目。菱镁矿是开展的25个重要矿种之一。本项目的实施,是我国矿产资源方面的一次重要的国情调查。本次工作以成矿地质理论为指导,深入开展区域成矿规律研究;充分利用地质、物探、化探、遥感和矿产勘查等综合成矿信息,建立典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型,圈定成矿远景区和找矿靶区;充分应用现代矿产资源预测评价的理论方法和GIS评价技术,逐个评价其成矿远景区资源潜力;用地质体积等多元信息方法估算了地下2 000 m以浅的菱镁矿资源量,为科学合理地规划和部署矿产勘查工作提供依据。中国菱镁矿主要成矿时代为古元古代,成矿类型以沉积变质型为主,全国共有累计查明资源储量（矿石量）36.42亿t,主要分布于辽宁、山东和新疆。全国共圈定菱镁矿最小预测区129个,获2 000 m以浅预测资源量（矿石量）131亿t。全面总结并建立了菱镁矿典型矿床预测模型及区域预测模型,共划分菱镁矿成矿区带11个。     

中国石墨矿成矿特征及成矿区带划分

石墨广泛应用于冶金、机械、航空、航天、电子信息、新能源汽车等领域,已成为高新技术领域中的重要原料。近年来陆续发现了内蒙古查汗木胡魯、四川南江等大型区域变质型石墨矿,尤其在新疆黄羊山地区发现了特大型岩浆岩型晶质石墨矿,为石墨成矿规律研究提供了新的方向。本文在广泛收集和研究以往石墨成果的基础上,结合野外实地调研和最新石墨勘查成果,系统总结了石墨时空分布规律、成矿地质作用,划分了石墨成矿区带。中国石墨矿矿床类型以区域变质型为主,成矿期以前寒武纪为主,其形成的石墨鳞片大,结晶程度高,经济意义大;岩浆岩型晶质石墨矿赋矿围岩为海西期碱性花岗岩,成矿时代与岩浆侵入时代一致;接触变质型石墨矿赋矿层位较集中在二叠—侏罗纪,其成矿作用与燕山期—海西期中酸性岩浆活动密切相关。稳定隆起区的大型复式褶皱构造翼部及转折端是石墨成矿有利的构造单元。初步划分了石墨成矿区带21个,提出佳木斯—兴凯(地块)石墨成矿带、华北陆块北缘中段石墨成矿带、胶北隆起石墨成矿带、准噶尔地块石墨成矿带、华北陆块南缘—秦岭等石墨成矿带较为重要。本次石墨成矿规律总结及成矿区带初步划分对指导石墨找矿勘查部署具有一定意义。     

Boron-polymetallic metallogeny of the north and northeast of the Sino-Korean Craton

Based on published data and original investigations, it has been shown that the combination of widely known Ag, Fe, and Fe-Mn ore deposits, as well as boron and Pb-Zn world-class deposits, is typical for metallogenic zones in the north and northeast of the Sino-Korean Craton. The ore genesis was spatially inherited and lasted from the Archean to Mesozoic. The Archean metallogenic zones are related to the protocontinental margin terranes of the craton basement and they comprise banded iron ore and Cu-Zn sulfide deposits. The proterozoic-Early Paleozoic metallogenic zones are related to rift basins, where the ore-bearing Archean folded basement is overlain by volcanic and sedimentary complexes. The Proterozoic metallogenic zones host quartz veins and schistosity zone-related Au deposits, banded iron and Cu-Zn ore deposits, large sedimentary-metamorphogenic borate and magnesite deposits, Cu-W deposits in tourmalinites, exhalation-sedimentary Pb-Zn ore deposits, and large polygenic REE-Fe-Nb ore deposits. The Riphean-Cambrian terrigenous-carbonate strata are represented by stratiform Pb-Zn and fluorite deposits. Mesozoic metallogenic zones related to volcano-plutonic complexes of intraplate series coincide with zones where the folded basement is made of Precambrian ore-bearing series. Gold deposits are typical of all the metallogenic zones, but most of them are related to Mesozoic volcano-plutonic complexes.     

南盘江-右江Sn- Sb- Mn- Zn- Al- Au多金属成矿区主要地质特征及资源潜力

"南盘江-右江"成矿区地处我国西南,是我国重要的金属矿产资源的富集区。在新的研究成果和找矿突破基础上,结合新的理论发展,本文新设定并命名了"南盘江-右江Sn-Sb-Mn-Zn-Al-Au多金属成矿区",即重新划(修)定的25片重点成矿区(带)之一。通过区域成矿地质背景研究,成矿区内划分了6个III级成矿带,初步建立了南盘江-右江Sn-Sb-Mn-Zn-Al-Au多金属成矿区成矿谱系。综合研究认为,区内矿产以锡、锰、锌、铝土矿、金、钨矿等为主,资源潜力巨大。主攻矿床类型为卡林型金矿、沉积型和堆积型铝土矿、沉积型锰矿、深水沉积-改造型铅锌矿、岩浆热液型钨锡矿,并总结了重要矿床类型的成矿模式。成矿区内圈定了14个远景区,其中10个为重点远景区,4个为远景调查区,远景区的划分指明了下一步的找矿方向和工作部署重点,为国家部署公益性地质调查评价工作提供依据和建议。     

非洲锰矿床成因类型、地质特征及表生富集作用

[研究目的]非洲锰矿资源丰富,储量3.1亿t、资源量6.6亿t排名在世界上均列第一,加强非洲锰矿床的研究和认识对推动锰矿找矿工作具有重要的指导意义.[研究方法]通过对重要成矿带典型矿床的解剖总结了非洲锰矿床的成因类型、地质特征.[研究结果]非洲锰矿成因类型主要有前寒武系条带状铁建造(BIF)型、海相沉积型、陆相(三角洲...     

中国矽卡岩矿床找矿新进展和时空分布规律

近年来,中国矽卡岩矿床找矿取得了很大的新进展:西藏冈底斯成矿带和班公湖-怒江成矿带发现和探明了十余个大中型矽卡岩铜、金多金属矿床;在青海西部祁漫塔格成矿带发现和探明了不少铁多金属矽卡岩矿床;在东部地区发现和探明了一批大型隐伏的矽卡岩矿床,如河北白涧铁矿床、江西朱溪钨多金属矿床、湖南锡田锡钨矿床、福建上房钨矿床等。在新疆西天山发现和探明了一批大(中)型与火山-侵入活动有关的矽卡岩铁矿床。另外,在新疆发现白干湖、沙沟等大型钨矿床,在甘肃也发现和探明了大型钨矿床。学者们对上述矿床进行了较详细的研究。中国主要矽卡岩矿床最新同位素测年资料表明,矽卡岩矿床的生成时代从元古宙、古生代、中生代到新生代都有,但最重要的成岩成矿期是中生代的燕山期。在空间分布上,赵一鸣等(1990)曾划分出14个重要的矽卡岩成矿带,通过广大地质工作者的努力,在西藏、新疆和青海等省(区)找矿工作的重大进展,又新增4个矽卡岩成矿带,即西藏冈底斯成矿带、班公湖-怒江成矿带、青海祁漫塔格成矿带和新疆西天山成矿带。