云南抚仙湖沉积物有机质来源与时空变化特征

为揭示抚仙湖沉积物总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的时空分布特征及其主要来源,对抚仙湖表层沉积物和沉积物柱芯的TOC、TN和有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)进行了分析。结果表明,表层沉积物的TOC和TN含量分别为2.02%~3.40%和0.16%~0.36%;沉积物柱芯的TOC和TN含量分别为0.41%~6.63%和0.08%~0.77%,呈现出北湖高南湖低、表层高底部低的分布特征。内源有机质是抚仙湖沉积物中有机质的主要来源,不同湖区外源有机质的输入差异明显,其中南湖沉积物有机质中陆源比例较高。沉积物柱芯C/N值从底部到表层逐步增大,表明抚仙湖沉积物有机质中陆源有机质所占比例持续增加。与内源有机质相比,外源有机质输入增加更快,指示流域内人为活动增强导致流域侵蚀和水土流失加剧。     

北部湾东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素组成及物源指示意义

对北部湾东部海域70个表层沉积物样品的稀土元素(REE)分析结果表明,研究区沉积物 REE 呈现轻稀土元素(LREE)富集、重稀土元素(HREE)平坦以及中等程度的 Eu 异常等特征.REE 组成受沉积物粒度和生物碳酸盐含量的制约,具有典型风化上陆壳 REE 特征,其源岩以上陆壳的长英质岩石为主.根据研究区沉积物 REE 分布规律,研究区可划分为4个地球化学分区,各区域上陆壳标准化曲线明显的不同.物源判别显示研究区的西部、海南岛西南侧(Ⅰ区)呈多源沉积特征,来自以下几个物源区:(1)海南岛西南侧河流沉积物和沿岸侵蚀物;(2)由南向北输入的外海沉积物(冬季);(3)夏季或冬季由北部湾西北部和西部搬运来的沉积物.研究区中部粗粒沉积区(Ⅱ区)与北部湾西部沉积物来源是相同的,主要来源于红河输砂.东北部砂质区(Ⅲ区)沉积物可能来源于雷州半岛西北部近岸基岩侵蚀.研究区东北部(Ⅳ区)沉积物主要来自北部湾北部沿岸侵蚀、琼州海峡和雷州半岛西部的沿岸侵蚀.此外,部分沉积物还可能来自珠江流域以及南海北部陆架区和北部湾西北部     

北部湾涠洲岛海滩砂物源特征:对从源到汇分析的启示

本次研究运用岩相学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄物源分析方法获得北海涠洲岛海滩砂的物源特征,从而揭示北部湾大陆边缘"源-汇"系统及其沉积搬运过程。涠洲岛海滩砂以棱角状-次圆状石英为主(70%～75%),生物碎屑次之(20%～25%),含少量玄武岩岩屑和橄榄石碎屑颗粒(约5%),反映碎屑沉积物经历了较短距离的搬运且沉积时间较短。涠洲岛海滩砂碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在288～210 Ma (峰值为236 Ma)和435～380 Ma,表明涠洲岛海滩砂主要来源于桂东南地区印支期花岗岩体以及加里东期和燕山期岩体。花岗岩来源的陆源碎屑经南流江、九洲江等河流快速地搬运至合浦-北海三角洲,在风暴作用下再扩散至北部湾中部海域。这一过程很好地记录了大陆边缘从陆到洋区域性"源-汇"系统。同时,涠洲岛是第四纪火山岛,是北部湾中部海域的隆起剥蚀区之一,其为海滩沉积物提供近源的基性岩碎屑组分,即存在盆地局部"源-汇"系统。因此,涠洲岛海滩砂沉积是大陆边缘区域性"源-汇"系统与盆地局部"源-汇"系统相互叠加的产物。本研究为理解大陆边缘从陆到洋"源-汇"系统与盆地局部"源-汇"系统的相互作用提供范例。     

防城港海域沉积物中正构烷烃分布和来源解析

正构烷烃由于其化学性质稳定,在自然界中普遍存在,是表征有机质来源的良好标志物。利用气质联用仪(GC/MS)对2021年9月采集的防城港海域表层沉积物中的正构烷烃进行检测,对其含量、分布特征进行分析,运用特征参数对其来源进行解析。结果表明：正构烷烃含量在(67.51～850.08)×10^-9(干重)之间,均值为476.69×10^-9(干重),高值区主要分布在企沙半岛南部海域;主要由连续分布的n-C₁₄～n-C₃₅正构烷烃同系物组成,呈双峰分布,前峰群偶碳数优势,后峰群奇碳数优势;陆、海源烷烃比(∑T/∑M)、碳优势指数(CPI)和陆、海源烷烃优势比(TAR)均指示研究区正构烷烃受陆源影响明显;平均链长(ACL)、烷烃指数(AI)和Pmar-aq进一步表明其主要来源于陆源草本植物;T-ALK/C₁₆比值表明研究海域受到石油污染影响;姥鲛烷和植烷比值(Pr/Ph)表明研究海域沉积物中正构烷烃形成于氧化环境。     

长江口沉积物碳氮元素地球化学特征及有机质来源分析

根据对长江口水下三角洲上部(CJ16)和口门浅滩(CJ19)柱状样的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和有机碳同位素(δ13C)以及长江口表层样TOC的测定,得出其粒度及碳氮元素特征,利用C/N和δ13C分析有机质来源及不同来源的贡献率。研究结果表明:(1)沉积物中有机碳含量在0.19%～1.17%之间,CJ16柱中有机碳含量比CJ19柱略高;总氮含量均比较少,且变化幅度小;C/N比值在5～17间变化;CJ16柱的δ13C值在24.70‰～22.86‰间变化,CJ19柱为24.88‰～22.37‰,且CJ19柱δ13C值在36 cm以上段较下段明显增大,推测可能与南汇边滩互花米草(C4植物)的引种有关;(2)长江口表层沉积物TOC的含量范围为0.17%～1.16%,平均值为0.52%;(3)粒度特征显示长江口主要以粉砂和粘土为主,砂含量较少,粒度与长江口TN、TOC含量有较好的相关性;(4)C/N和δ13C值的特征均显示该区有机质为陆源和海洋混合,利用C/N比值估算出来自陆源的有机碳比例在CJ16柱约为40%,而在CJ19柱中约为60%;根据δ13C值估算出CJ16柱陆源和海源两种有机质来源几乎是各占一半的比例,CJ19柱来自陆源的有机碳占总有机碳的60%,与用C/N比值法测得的结果较一致。上述结果显示长江口的不同空间位置碳氮元素分布特征不同,沉积记录受到粒度、河口区物源的影响,还受到陆源和海源不同有机质来源输入的影响。     

福建近岸罗源湾沉积环境及表层沉积物物质来源探讨

东亚大陆边缘近岸泥质物源研究对于认识地球表生过程、物质循环以及气候变化等问题十分关键,但目前对沿岸半封闭型海湾的物质来源研究还尚不深入。本研究以东亚大陆边缘浙闽泥质区罗源湾为研究区,通过对罗源湾表层沉积物粒度组成的分析发现,罗源湾表层沉积物粒度组成以粉砂为主,各粒度参数分区明显,湾内西北部近岸潮滩颗粒较细,湾内顶部、东部潮汐通道附近和东南部大部分区域颗粒较粗。粒度参数也表明罗源湾大部分区域沉积环境较稳定,湾内顶部、潮流通道与东部潮滩连接处水动力较强。对罗源湾与闽江、起步溪以及长江表层沉积物的稀土元素特征参数、配分模式进行对比发现,罗源湾表层沉积物δEu、UCC配分模式与闽江和起步溪相差甚远,而与长江表层沉积物更为接近。结合判别函数（DF）、微量元素比值判别图以及La/Yb-REE关系图解分析结果表明,罗源湾表层沉积物主要来自浙闽沿岸流携带的包括长江沉积物、长江口杭州湾沉积物在内的泥质沉积物,以及波浪和潮汐对周边基岩的剥蚀产生的碎屑物质。此外,罗源湾顶部入港溪流在洪水期产生的洪冲积物对湾的顶部也有一部分的物质贡献。

     

海斗深渊沉积物组成特征及其物质来源研究进展

海斗深渊是海洋中最深的区域,由水深范围在6000～11000 m范围内的深部海沟组成,以极端的物理化学条件为特征,其沉积物以深海黏土为主。基于目前关于马里亚纳海沟及其沉积物的研究进展,总结了海斗深渊的地貌、物理化学和水动力等方面的特征;归纳了海斗深渊沉积物的粒度特征、矿物组成和古生物特征;探讨了海斗深渊沉积物的物质来源及主要分析方法。海斗深渊沉积物的物质来源具有多源性,综合多种方法示踪是准确揭示其物质物源的关键。     

东海东北部海域表层沉积物黏土矿物来源及输运

利用X射线衍射,对东海东北部海域80个表层沉积物样品进行黏土矿物的相对含量分析.结果表明:东海东北部海域表层沉积物黏土矿物中伊利石（65.1%）含量最高,其次为绿泥石（26.6%）、高岭石（8.9%）和蒙皂石（4.3%）;矿物组合中伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石型占绝对优势,伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石型较少.由外陆架至冲绳海槽,伊利石含量分布呈低-高-低-高;绿泥石呈低-高-低;高岭石分布趋势明显异于伊利石和绿泥石,含量值分布出现由高到低的趋势;蒙皂石在个别区域缺失,高值区呈斑块状分布在水深小于100 m的外陆架.快速聚类分析显示,黏土矿物可分为“类长江”、“类黄河”和“类台湾”3种类型,呈4个区域相间展布.“类黄河”型黏土矿物主要由黄海沿岸流将黄河、废黄河等物质再悬浮搬运而来,分布于29.5°N以北、127°E以西的外陆架区,并未越过东海外陆架进入冲绳海槽.外陆架区“类长江”型黏土矿物主要为低海平面时期古长江物质,并混有少量现代长江源悬浮物质;冲绳海槽区“类长江”型黏土矿物主要来自低海平面时期古长江物质.“类台湾”型黏土矿物主要由黑潮控制,由台湾经冲绳海槽南部搬运而来,沿陆坡附近沉积.      

基于沉积物物质来源的地下水化学特征分析:以北京市平原区为例

沉积物物质来源不同,其沉积环境和沉积特征不同,其地球化学特征、水动力体系和地下水循环响应不同。文中以北京市平原区为例,通过沉积物物质来源分析,研究浅层地下水化学分布特征。首先根据地下水系统分区进行取样和实验,采用矿物组合、风化强度及相关分析等多种方法综合分析北京市平原区沉积物的物质来源及其组合特征,多种方法分析结论一致,即北京平原区的主要物质来源:一是流经燕山山地花岗岩变质岩区的潮白河系统,一是流经西山山地石灰岩区的永定河系统;而两系统中、下部是多期物源多层交叠、纵横交错沉积形成的。其次在物源分析基础上通过水质分析研究两系统剖面上地下水水化学特征,即两系统剖面地下水化学类型主要为HCO3--Ca.Mg型水;但永定河系统的溶解性总固体、阴阳离子浓度均大于潮白河系统,这与两剖面所在系统物源分析的结果相吻合,即分析结果表明物源的沉积环境及沉积组合特征决定了系统的地下水化学特征。     

崇明岛H12孔百年来长江入海沉积物来源变化及原因

地质历史时期长江入海沉积物的来源和组成特征是探讨东亚边缘海地区沉积物“从源到汇”过程的核心问题之一。崇明岛H12钻孔沉积物元素与同位素地球化学分析揭示,Nd同位素、Eu异常、Cr/Th、Sc/Th等指标在1858—1906年间明显波动,波动的年份与文献记载的洪水事件发生时间基本一致;而在1906年之后沉积物中以上各地球化学指标趋于稳定。结合长江不同支流的沉积地球化学组成特征,运用物源混合模型进行判别,结果显示过去150年来长江入海沉积物主要来自上游支流及汉江,不同支流的洪水信号可以通过入海沉积物通量和化学组成来提取。20世纪以来H12钻孔沉积的各物源指标波动明显减小,推测与崇明岛当地的人类活动逐渐增强有关,防护堤、海塘等工程修建改变了长江入海沉积物在崇明岛的沉积方式,使得洪水时期沉积物无法在岛上淤积,因而钻孔记录中很难再发现洪水事件信号,沉积地球化学物源指标趋于稳定。     

Genesis of the Xuebaoding W–Sn–Be Crystal Deposits in Southwest China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions,Stable Isotopes and Ore Elements

The Xuebaoding crystal deposit, located in northern Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China, is well known for producing coarse‐grained crystals of scheelite, beryl, cassiterite, fluorite and other minerals. The orebody occurs between the Pankou and Pukouling granites, and a typical ore vein is divided into three parts: muscovite and beryl within granite (Part I); beryl, cassiterite and muscovite in the host transition from granite to marble (Part II); and the main mineralization part, an assemblage of beryl, cassiterite, scheelite, fluorite, apatite and needle‐like tourmaline within marble (Part III). No evidence of crosscutting or overlapping of these ore veins by others suggests that the orebody was formed by single fluid activity. The contents of Be, W, Sn, Li, Cs, Rb, B, and F in the Pankou and Pukouling granites are similar to those of the granites that host Nanling W–Sn deposits. The calculated isotopic compositions of beryl, scheelite and cassiterite (δD, ?69.3‰ to ?107.2‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O, 8.2‰ to 15.0‰) indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were mainly composed of magmatic water with minor meteoric water and CO₂ derived from decarbonation of marble. Primary fluid inclusions are CO₂? CH₄+ H₂O ± CO₂ (vapor), with or without clathrates and halites. We estimate the fluid trapping condition at T = 220 to 360°C and P > 0.9 kbar. Fluid inclusions are rich in H₂O, F^‐ and Cl^‐. Evidence for fluid‐phase immiscibility during mineralization includes variable L/V ratios in the inclusions and inclusions containing different phase proportions. Fluid immiscibility may have been induced by the pressure released by extension joints, thereby facilitating the mineralization found in Part III. Based on the geochemical data, geological occurrence, and fluid inclusion studies, we hypothesize that the coarse‐grained crystals were formed by: (i) the high content of ore elements and volatile elements such as F in ore‐forming fluids; (ii) occurrence of fluid immiscibility and Ca‐bearing minerals after wall rock transition from granite to marble making the ore elements deposit completely; (iii) pure host marble as host rock without impure elements such as Fe; and (iv) sufficient space in ore veins to allow growth.     

Genesis of the Bangbu Orogenic Gold Deposit,Tibet: Evidence from Fluid Inclusion,Stable Isotopes,and Ar-Ar Geochronology

The Bangbu gold deposit is a large orogenic gold deposit in Tibet formed during the AlpineHimalayan collision. Ore bodies(auriferous quartz veins) are controlled by the E-W-trending Qusong-Cuogu-Zhemulang brittle-ductile shear zone. Quartz veins at the deposit can be divided into three types: pre-metallogenic hook-like quartz veins, metallogenic auriferous quartz veins, and postmetallogenic N-S quartz veins. Four stages of mineralization in the auriferous quartz veins have been identified:(1) Stage S1 quartz+coarse-grained sulfides,(2) Stage S2 gold+fine-grained sulfides,(3) Stage S3 quartz+carbonates, and(4) Stage S4 quartz+ greigite. Fluid inclusions indicate the oreforming fluid was CO_2-N_2-CH_4 rich with homogenization temperatures of 170–261°C, salinities 4.34–7.45 wt% Na Cl equivalent. δ~(18)Ofluid(3.98‰–7.18‰) and low δDV-SMOW(-90‰ to-44‰) for auriferous quartz veins suggest ore-forming fluids were mainly metamorphic in origin, with some addition of organic matter. Quartz vein pyrite has δ~(34)SV-CDT values of 1.2‰–3.6‰(an average of 2.2‰), whereas pyrite from phyllite has δ~(34)SV-CDT 5.7‰–9.9‰(an average of 7.4‰). Quartz vein pyrites yield 206Pb/204 Pb ratios of 18.662–18.764, 207Pb/204 Pb 15.650–15.683, and ~(208)Pb/204 Pb 38.901–39.079. These isotopic data indicate Bangbu ore-forming materials were probably derived from the Langjiexue accretionary wedge. 40Ar/39 Ar ages for sericite from auriferous sulfide-quartz veins yield a plateau age of 49.52 ± 0.52 Ma, an isochron age of 50.3 ± 0.31 Ma, suggesting that auriferous veins were formed during the main collisional period of the Tibet-Himalayan orogen(~65–41 Ma).     

川滇黔地区天宝山、会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体来源初探:来自流体包裹体及氦氩同位素的证据

为限定川滇黔地区大型铅锌矿床成矿流体来源,选择天宝山大型铅锌矿床和会泽超大型铅锌矿床中热液矿物进行流体包裹体及氦氩同位素研究.结果显示:（1）天宝山矿床为中低温、中等盐度流体成矿,成矿流体主要来源于盆地卤水;会泽矿床为中高温、中等盐度流体成矿,成矿流体也主要来源于盆地卤水,但具有不同性质流体混合特征;（2）两矿床硫化物3He/4He值范围介于0.02~0.32 Ra,证明成矿流体以地壳流体为主,但混有少量（< 5.3%）地幔成分,40Ar/36Ar值（345.0~1 698.8）表明成矿流体以饱和大气水为主;（3）综合两个矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及氦氩同位素研究认为天宝山矿床和会泽矿床的形成与右江盆地演化及峨眉山大火成岩省的岩浆活动有关.      

Nature and Genesis of the Xiaobeigou Fluorite Deposit,Inner Mongolia,Northeast China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

The recently discovered Xiaobeigou fluorite deposit is situated in the southern part of the Southern Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. Fluorite‐bearing veins are rather common over the whole area. So far, 11 mineralized veins have been delineated at the Xiaobeigou deposit. Orebodies of the deposit are mainly hosted in Permian and Jurassic volcano‐sedimentary rocks. The orebodies in this mining district exhibit a well‐developed vertical zonation: from top to bottom, the orebodies can be divided into upper, central, and lower zones. The central zone is the most important part for mining operations, and it shows lateral zonation of fluorite mineralization. Rare earth element (REE) contents of the investigated samples are relatively low (less than 30.2 ppm). Furthermore, the REE contents of the fluorite grains from early to late ore stages exhibit a decreasing trend. All the fluorite samples show no or slightly positive Eu anomalies. Three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) are distinguished in the quartz and fluorite samples, including pure‐liquid single‐phase (PL‐type), liquid‐rich two‐phase (L‐Type), and vapor‐rich two‐phase (V‐type) FIs. The FIs hosted in early‐stage quartz were homogenized at 159.5–260.7°C (mainly 160–240°C); their salinities range from 0.18 to 1.22 wt.% NaCl eqv. The FIs hosted in early‐stage fluorite yield slightly lower homogenization temperatures of 144.4–266.8°C (peaking at 140–220°C), which correspond to salinities of 0.18–0.88 wt.% NaCl eqv. Homogenization temperatures and salinities for the late stage are 132.5–245.8°C (mainly 160–180°C) and 0.18–1.40 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. Laser Raman spectroscopy of FIs shows that both the vapor and liquid compositions of the inclusions are dominated by H₂O. The H–O isotopic compositions at Xiaobeigou suggest that the ore‐forming fluids are predominantly of meteoric water origin. The Xiaobeigou deposit can be classified as a typical low‐temperature hydrothermal vein‐type fluorite deposit. Combined with regional data, we infer that the fluorite mineralization occurred during the Late Mesozoic in an extensional setting.     

宁夏卫宁北山金场子金矿床流体来源及矿床成因:来自流体包裹体和C⁃H⁃O同位素证据

卫宁北山地区是宁夏境内最有望实现找矿突破的多金属矿成矿区之一,已发现众多Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Co等矿点或矿化点.金场子金矿是该地区已发现的最大的金矿床,矿体主要赋存在前黑山组及中宁组内的层间断裂破碎带中,呈东西向带状分布,产状与地层近乎一致.区域上除少量闪长玢岩脉出露外,岩浆岩不发育.为了探讨金场子金矿...     

白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造地球化学特征及成因：元素及同位素新证据

通过野外地质观察和室内镜下研究,利用XRF和ICP-MS对白云岩及其周围的板岩的主、微量元素进行分析,同时对硫化矿化的样品开展硫同位素测试。元素测试结果显示白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造白云岩既具有部分火成碳酸岩的地球化学特征,也具有部分沉积碳酸岩的地球化学特征,表明白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造赋矿白云岩不是典型的火成碳酸岩或沉积碳酸盐岩。硫同位素的测试结果表明,全岩的硫同位素组成不呈塔式模型分布,出现两个比较明显的峰值,一个在0‰左右,具有深源特征;另一个在+8‰左右,明显高于幔源硫,这个结果说明其来源可能有两个:地幔和海水。赋矿白云岩中Nb随着稀土的富集也发生富集作用,但是Ta的富集作用却十分微弱,显示了成矿热液强烈富REE和Nb及贫Ta的元素地球化学特征。据元素和硫同位素结果,我们认为白云鄂博赋矿白云岩是沉积碳酸盐受地幔碳酸岩岩浆及派生的流体交代的产物,而非直接源于火山碳酸岩喷发成因。地幔深部碳酸岩岩浆及其派生的富稀土流体沿区域性深大断裂上涌与沉积碳酸盐岩进行交代作用,形成了白云鄂博独特巨大的Fe-REE-Nb矿床及区域性的稀土矿床。     

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床成矿物质来源探讨——来自硫、铅、碳和氢氧同位素地球化学特征的证据

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床位于班公湖—怒江成矿带西段,是近年来发现的一个大型镁质矽卡岩型铜金矿床。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过S-Pb-C-H-O同位素分析,对嘎拉勒铜金矿床的物质来源进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)矽卡岩型矿石中黄铜矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值在硫同位素直方图上呈塔式分布,变化范围为–4.4‰~6‰,有少许样品值变化范围较大,表明嘎拉勒矿床硫同位素主要以幔源硫为主,有少量壳源的混染;(2)~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为38.427‰~39.008‰,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为15.588‰~15.701‰,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为18.330‰~18.871‰,显示矿区铅同位素来源以造山带铅为主,少量上地壳铅相结合的特征;嘎拉勒矿床形成于碰撞的造山带环境;(3)含辉钼矿石英脉中δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值范围为12.2‰~12.8‰,平均值12.5‰,δD_(V-SMOW)范围为–103.3‰~–95.3‰,平均值为–99.3‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)值范围为–18.1‰~–17.6‰,平均值为–17.85‰,显示受到大气降水加入明显;(4)矽卡岩中方解石C-O同位素测试结果δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为–2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)为–15.1‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为15.4‰,显示嘎拉勒铜金矿床碳酸盐为海相碳酸盐并经历了溶解作用。综合表明,嘎拉勒铜金矿床是由幔源成矿流体作用形成的,成矿过程中有大气降水的加入,成矿流体与碳酸盐岩发生接触交代作用形成矽卡岩型铜金矿床。     

Holocene Climate in the Northern Great Plains Inferred from Sediment Stratigraphy, Stable Isotopes, Carbonate Geochemistry, Diatoms, and Pollen at Moon Lake, North Dakota

Seismic stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, pollen stratigraphy, diatom-inferred salinity, stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C), and chemical composition (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) of authigenic carbonates from Moon Lake cores provide a congruent Holocene record of effective moisture for the eastern Northern Great Plains. Between 11,700 and 9500¹⁴C yr B.P., the climate was cool and moist. A gradual decrease in effective moisture occurred between 9500 and 7100¹⁴C yr B.P. A change at about 7100¹⁴C yr B.P. inaugurated the most arid period during the Holocene. Between 7100 and 4000¹⁴C yr B.P., three arid phases occurred at 6600–6200¹⁴C yr B.P., 5400–5200¹⁴C yr B.P., and 4800–4600¹⁴C yr B.P. Effective moisture generally increased after 4000¹⁴C yr B.P., but periods of low effective moisture occurred between 2900–2800¹⁴C yr B.P. and 1200–800¹⁴C yr B.P. The data also suggest high climatic variability during the last few centuries. Despite the overall congruence, the biological (diatom), sedimentological, isotopic, and chemical proxies were occassionally out of phase. At these times the evaporative process was not the only control of lake-water chemical and isotopic composition.     

自生绿泥石对储集层质量影响的定量评价:以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲组三段为例*

为了定量研究自生绿泥石对储集层质量的影响,在限定控储因素前提下,通过常规岩心分析、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、激光粒度分析和黏土矿物X衍射等资料,以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷涠洲12-X油田古近系涠洲组三段碎屑岩储集层为例,探讨了自生绿泥石对石英次生加大、孔隙结构及储集层物性的影响,并提出了综合得分评价法,定量评价自生绿泥石对储集层物性的控制作用。研究结果表明,当溶蚀作用积极意义大于绿泥石沉淀的消极影响时,石英加大和方解石含量较高(7.3%)及自生绿泥石相对含量较低(20%~30%)的细砂“控孔喉”作用,等同于石英加大和方解石含量较低(2.4%)及自生绿泥石含量较高(30%~40%)的细砂,二者的“控孔喉”作用具有互补性。自生绿泥石的“控孔、控渗”作用与碎屑颗粒粒度、分选、胶结物及泥质含量等因素的“控孔、控渗”作用相互制约,存在互补性和差异性,绿泥石相对含量较低的中砂“控孔、控渗”作用等同于绿泥石相对含量较高的细砂(互补性);泥质含量较低的细砂岩中绿泥石“控孔、控渗”作用弱于泥质含量较高的细砂岩(差异性)。总之,在岩相一定的情况下,包膜或衬里状绿泥石与孔渗呈正相关关系,孔隙充填状绿泥石与孔渗呈负相关关系。     

Evolution of Ore-forming Fluid of the Bafangshan-Erlihe Pb-Zn-Cu Deposit in the Fengtai Ore Cluster, West Qinling, China: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Fluid Inclusions

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