底拖网网目长度和网线粗度的确定

提出了“网衣理论总强度”、“网衣相对强度”两个概念,解决了底拖网设计中根据平型网或设计参考网初步确定设计网口网线粗度的问题。并根据“网衣理论总强度”和“网衣相对强度”概念统计出我国沿海各种渔船主机功率的底拖网各部位网衣理论总强度和网衣相对强度数字范围,为我国底拖网设计网目长度与网线粗度之间关系的处理提供了理论依据。     

中国沿海底层拖网网具设计：网衣设计参数探讨

根据中国沿海现有五十多种具有先进性、代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网网具资料，统计出大量的网具设计参数。除了介绍九种拖网网衣设计参数的符号及其意义外，还分别论述了中国沿海四种底层拖网网型的网衣设计参数，并对其不同的设计参数之间作了分析比较。     

2×339KW综合节能渔船底拖网试验报告

根据农牧渔业部水产局下达的“294.2千瓦综合节能渔船”项目网具节能课题的要求,新设计了一项低阻底拖网,并进行了网模水池试验和海上实测及一周年商业性捕鱼生产,获得了很好的效果。试验和捕鱼生产结果充分证明:新设计的拖网网口高、阻力小、渔获量高,是一种较为理想的节能型双船底拖网网型,具有增产节能兼优的经济效益和社会效益。     

拖网渔具节能述评

70年代以来 ,石油价格的上涨强烈地冲击着全球各个行业。在海洋渔业中 ,以拖网 (尤其底拖网 )渔业所受影响最大 ,所以渔船节能问题引起了世界各渔业国家的特别关注。渔具节能是渔船综合节能的一个重要组成部分。对于拖网渔船来说 ,能源主要消耗于拖网系统 ,因为拖网的网衣、网板、纲索、浮子、沉纲装置等在快速拖曳时产生很大阻力 ,需要消耗渔船的燃油也相当多。不论是国内还是国外 ,拖网渔法消耗燃油均为各类渔具之冠 (表 1 )。可见 ,在拖网渔船综合节能研究中 ,致力研制节能型拖网渔具对提高拖网渔船的生产经济效益起着重大作用 ,对发展我…     

拖网网具大小与渔船马力的配合

网具大小与渔船马力的配合，是拖网设计中的重要而复杂的问题。由于渔船主机的指示马力虽然相同，但其用于曳网的拖曳马力，则因渔船类型、主机类型和推进器类型等的不同而异，又由于网具阻力的大小，因网型和网衣、纲索、属具等规格的不同而有很大变化，     

拖网网具大小与渔船马力的配合

网具大小与渔船马力的配合,是拖网设计中的重要而复杂的问题。由于渔船主机的指示马力虽然相同,但其用于曳网的拖曳马力,则因渔船类型、主机类型和推进器类型等的不同而异;又由于网具阻力的大小,因网型和网衣、纲索,属具等规格的不同而有很大变化,很难用统一标准     

底拖网配纲设计计算

根据疏目拖网逐目和逐个编结周期或剪裁循环地装配的要求,提出了先计算口门每目和网翼或网缘的每编结周期或剪裁循环的配纲长度,然后再计算出整段口门和网翼或网缘的配纲长度之设计计算方法。     

底拖网浮沉力配备设计计算

本文提出了一套底拖网浮沉力配备的计算式子，并根据中国沿海现有几十种较有代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网网具资料，统计了大量的浮沉力配备生产经验数据ｆｆ、ｆｑ和Ｆｆｑ，举例介绍了这些浮沉力配备生产经济数据的统计以及根据生产经验数据或根据动力相似原理的两种浮沉力配备设计的计算方法。     

基于栖息地指数模型的摩洛哥底拖网渔场研究

根据2012—2015年上海某远洋渔业公司的底拖网渔船收集的生产统计数据,结合卫星遥感获得的表温、叶绿素浓度和海面高度距平均值以及实地调查的水深数据,用栖息地指数方法,以几何平均模型(GMM)和算术平均模型(AMM)对摩洛哥底拖网渔场进行比较研究。结果表明,各月基于表温、海面高度距平值、叶绿素和海底水深的适应性指数不一致,各月适宜的海洋环境范围有差异。AMM模型中HSI大于0.6的作业网次占总数的65.92%,作业产量占总数的67.57%;GMM模型中HSI大于0.6的作业网次占总数的只有44.78%,作业产量占总数的49.60%。AMM模型比GMM模型更适合于摩洛哥底拖网渔场的预报。     

水库拖网及其技术性能的探讨

随着我国水库渔业的发展，近年来高效率的捕鱼工具“拖网”在东北及中南的一些水库先后投入生产。据了解目前水库的拖网类型计有底拖网、浮拖网和中层拖网等三种。     

无囊围网缩结系数研究

通过对缩结系数与网衣用量、下纲沉降速度的关系之分析，结合我国围网生产实际，提出了围网主网衣上、下边缘水平缩结系数的合理参考范围及其选取方法；通过对我国围网缩结系数统计资料的综合分析，提出了上缘网衣、下缘网衣、网头网衣或侧缘网衣的水平缩结系数等的选取参考范围。     

Effect of twine thickness on size-selectivity of driftnet for the yellow croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larimichthys polyactis</Emphasis> in southwestern Sea of Korea

In order to determine the effect of twine thickness on the size-selectivity of the driftnet used for the yellow croaker, size-selectivity tests were conducted with three different twine thicknesses (monofilament diameters of 0.279 mm (number’s method; No. 3), 0.321 mm (No. 4), and 0.360 mm (No. 5)) of driftnets for the yellow croaker in the seas around Chooja-do, Jeju Islands. The selectivity curve was estimated by using Kitahara’s method. In order to determine the physical properties of the twine used in the experimental fishing nets, we measured the breaking load, elongation, and stiffness under both dry and wet conditions. In terms of physical properties, the thinnest twine (No. 3) had the strongest breaking strength per unit cross-sectional area, along with good elongation and excellent flexibility. The thickest twine (No. 5) had the lowest flexibility. In terms of selectivity, the net of No. 3 twine showed the broadest selection range and, thus, a relatively low selectivity compared with the other nets, while the less flexible net of No. 5 twine showed the narrowest selectivity range and high selectivity. In addition, it was found that a thicker twine resulted in a smaller haul of small fish. Therefore, it can be inferred that the thickness of the twine affects the size of the catch and selectivity, and thus the size composition of the catch as well.     

Effect of twine thickness on size-selectivity of driftnet for the yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in southwestern Sea of Korea

In order to determine the effect of twine thickness on the size-selectivity of the driftnet used for the yellow croaker, size-selectivity tests were conducted with three different twine thicknesses(monofi lament diameters of 0.279 mm(number's method; No. 3), 0.321 mm(No. 4), and 0.360 mm(No. 5)) of driftnets for the yellow croaker in the seas around Chooja-do, Jeju Islands. The selectivity curve was estimated by using Kitahara's method. In order to determine the physical properties of the twine used in the experimental fi shing nets, we measured the breaking load, elongation, and stiffness under both dry and wet conditions. In terms of physical properties, the thinnest twine(No. 3) had the strongest breaking strength per unit cross-sectional area, along with good elongation and excellent fl exibility. The thickest twine(No. 5) had the lowest fl exibility. In terms of selectivity, the net of No. 3 twine showed the broadest selection range and, thus, a relatively low selectivity compared with the other nets, while the less fl exible net of No. 5 twine showed the narrowest selectivity range and high selectivity. In addition, it was found that a thicker twine resulted in a smaller haul of small fi sh. Therefore, it can be inferred that the thickness of the twine affects the size of the catch and selectivity, and thus the size composition of the catch as well.     

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Characteristics of a Metal Net for Deep-Sea Aquaculture

The investigation on hydrodynamic characteristics of a cage is important for its application in the deep-sea aquaculture in our country. With finite element method, the beam element is used to simulate a three-dimensional metal chain net, and the connector element is introduced as the interaction between metal net lines. A mechanical model for the metal net is constructed to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a metal net subjected to fluid current forces. The static simulation results show that the relative errors of the displacements are 2.13%, 4.19%, 6.64%, and 11.35% compared with static concentrated load tests under concentrated forces of 20, 40, 60, and 80 N, respectively. Both the transient hydrodynamic deformations and drag forces of the netting structures under different current velocities are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equation of the netting structure. The average relative error of the current forces obtained by numerical simulations shows an 8.13% deviation from the drag tests of the metal nets in the tank under five current velocities. The effectiveness and precision of the simulation approach are verified by static and dynamic tests. The proposed simulation approach will provide a good foundation for the further investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of deep-sea aquaculture metal cages and the parameter design for the safety of such cage systems.     

变水层大网目拖网试验与推广

报道了 2 86 .0 0m× 14 4.4 0m( 99.50m)变水层大网目拖网生产和网模试验情况 ,对网目尺寸、网口周长、配纲系数、网位调整、拖速与捕捞对象等方面进行适渔性分析 ,并分析了该网具的捕捞效果。结果表明 ,变水层大网目拖网具有阻力小、网型轻巧、网口扩张性能良好、网口高、破网率低等优点。试验船与对比船相比 ,产量增长 2 4 .53% ,产值增长 2 8.35% ,日创值增长 2 3.83% ,平均网产增长 19.2 3%。生产对比期间 ,试验船产量 131.5t ,产值 2 7.6 2万元 ,日创值 0 .95万元 ,平均网产 1.55t ,分别比对比船增长 2 4 .53%、2 8.35%、2 3.83%和 19.2 3%。该网型已在茂名市大面积推广 ,推广面达 10 0 %。     

北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成

利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。     

Application of Numerical Simulation for Analysis of Sinking Characteristics of Purse Seine

This study applies the mass-spring system to model the dynamic behavior of a submerged net panel similar to the shooting process in actual purse seine fishing operation. Modeling indicates that there is insufficient stretching with the net panel under the floatline in the prophase of the shooting process. Sinkers at different locations along the leadline descend successively after submergence, and the sinking speed decreases gradually with elapsed time until attainment of a stable state. Designs with different current speeds and sinker weights are executed to determine the dimensional shape and sinking characteristics of the net. The net rigged with greater sinker weight gains significantly greater sinking depth without water flow. Compared with the vertical spread of the net wall in static water, the middle part of the netting presents a larger displacement along the direction of current under flow condition. It follows that considerable deformation of the netting occurs with higher current speed as the sinkers affected by hydrodynamic force drift in the direction of current. The numerical model is verified by a comparison between simulated results and sea measurements. The calculated values generally coincide with the observed ones, with the former being slightly higher than the latter. This study provides an implicit algorithm which saves computational loads for enormous systems such as purse seines, and ensures the accuracy and stability of numerical solutions in a repetitious iteration process.     

相对于一组稳定点的位移的确定方法

在分析地壳变形时,除了要确定各构造块体间的相对运动外,常常还需要确定各构造块体本身的变形状态,为此介绍了确定某一个构造块体内的变形监测点相对于该块体内一组相对稳定点位移的几种方法,并用一个例子证明这些方法可得到基本相同的结果,因而可根据资料处理不同的需要加以选用。得到的这种位移可作为各块体变形分析的基础。