四川紫坪铺水库区水文地质与工程地质条件研究

分析了四川紫坪铺水库坝区和库区的水文地质和工程地质条件。由于库区内基岩山区为强烈上升区，地形切割深，高差大，各种不良工程地质现象发育，虽然不致于影响水库的正常工作，但也应引起充分注意。水库畜水后，渗漏问题对水库区和坝区影响较大，应采取相应措施解决；水库蓄水后，库水有可能下渗，应加强对该水库诱发地震的监测和研究。     

广西龙滩水库诱发地震环境影响评价

本文根据现有地震地质资料,尤其是近五百年来库区周围的历史地震活动情况,对龙滩水库诱发地震可能造成的环境影响作了初步评价.其结果表明,库坝区存在发生破坏性水库地震的风险,尤其库区周围岩溶的存在,为诱发岩溶塌陷型水库地震创造了条件,对于水库堤坝岸坡的稳定是不利的,对库区周围的环境亦有不利影响.     

从新丰江水库地震的环境条件讨论水诱发地震的研究及其预测

新丰江水库诱发6.1级地震与库区存在库水渗透(漏)—储积(存)及孕(诱)震的活动构造有关。水库诱发地震预测应重视库区总体环境条的研究。对比新丰江库及长江三峡水库的环境组合条件,认为三峡水库三斗坪坝址诱发水库地震的可能性很小,而庙河一香溪库段存在有利干诱震的环境因子,发震的可能性较大,但其震级将不超过5 1/2级。     

紫坪铺水库蓄水前天然地震活动

紫坪铺水库位于龙门山断裂带。了解和掌握水库蓄水前库坝区及其周围天然地震活动背景水平,可对水库诱发地震的危险性进行前期评价,可为蓄水后的诱发地震活动监测提供可靠的鉴别依据。紫坪铺水库地震台网在水库蓄水前运行逾1年,本文用这批资料提供表征库区及附近和库坝区蓄水前天然地震活动水平确切实用的各项指标。用全国和四川台网地震资料,给出含库区的较大区域地震活动背景和对库区的影响。     

江西省东津水库诱发地震可能性研究

本文从库区的地层岩性、断裂构造、水文地质条件和库水能起的作用'判断，认为拟建的东津水库蓄水后发生水库诱发地城的可能性很少。建立在相似地质构造背景和水文地质条件上的黄龙滩水库，至今未发生水库诱发地震就是一个很好的例证。     

按新的水库诱发地震分类探讨长江三峡水库诱发地震的可能性

提出了一种新的水库诱发地震分类方法，将水库地震分为断裂活动型、崩滑塌陷型、膨胀破裂型和岩溶气爆型四大类共十个亚类。指出评价水库诱发地震的危险性实际上主要是评估诱发断裂活动型水库强震的可能性。在分析了长江三峡水库区水库诱发强震的地质条件之后，按照上述观点着重分析了水库诱发断裂活动型强震的可能性。得出的基本结论是：对整个长江三峡水库区而言，水库诱发地震的最大震级不会超过５．５级；倘若仅就库首区而论，水     

丹江口库区本底地震与水库地震趋势分析

从丹江口库区地震地质构造着手,总结公元前143年至公元2008年本底地震活动情况,分析在初期蓄水阶段水库诱发地震活动情况、强度及成因。讨论丹江口水库增容后,新增库水对库区的应力状态影响,探讨库区及周缘地区可能诱发水库地震的区域及强度。结果发现,丹江口库区中的汉库诱发地震可能性不大。而丹库可能诱发地震,其强度应在M≤5.0。主要诱发地震危险区仍在丹库宋湾—关防滩峡谷地形库段和林茂山—凉水河地区。     

澜沧江小湾水库诱发地震的断裂构造条件分析

分析了小湾水库库区的断裂构造条件和地质结构特征,在此基础上划分了4个易于产生诱发地震的危险库段。并对各危险库段诱发地震的震级进行了初步预测。     

三峡水库地震孕震机理与未来地震趋势初探

以三峡库区区域地质构造、活动断裂及库区水文地质特点为基础,借鉴老一辈地震工作者对三峡地区地震地质活动的勘察与科研成果,阐述了蓄水后岩石的库水与地质相互作用对该区水文地质及构造的影响,浅释了三峡库区水库地震孕震机理;用三峡遥测台网及宜昌台定点地壳形变手段在蓄水前后的监测资料,对三峡宜昌库区水库诱发地震作了初步探讨及趋势分析。研究显示,库区地震活动的时空强频随着库区水体的变化而增强,并与活动断层空间分布呈一致性,具备水库地震的明显特征。预测认为:未来三峡宜昌库区的巴东-黔江与高桥断裂带、仙女山、九湾溪及天阳坪断裂交汇带,是诱发ML4.0～4.5水库地震的危险区。     

清江隔河岩水库区地壳表变与诱发地震的可能性

隔河岩水库蓄水前即开始地穿越库区的主要断裂进行监测，并设立了地震观测台网，蓄水后库尾区诱发一系列微震，形成几次水库诱发地震高潮期，本文通过库区近４年的形变观测资料的初步分析，论述了蓄水后库区地壳的稳定性及诱发地震与断层活动的关系，探讨了今后诱发较大地震的可能性。     

中国东部四个水库震例的诱震环境因素研究

本文通过对我国东部四个诱震水库的地质调查及其资料分析,探讨了水库地震诱发过程中所涉及的诸环境因素。研究表明:水库地震的诱发因素很多,但大体上可归纳成库水渗透条件和发震构造条件两类;这些环境因素只有在它们按一定方式恰当地组合成一个统一体存在于同一库区(段),水库地震才有可能诱发产生。因此,预测水库地震一个很重要的工作就是要查明库区诱发地震的环境因素及其总体组合条件。     

Assessment of soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio using remote sensing and GIS： a case study of upstream Chaobaihe River catchment, north China

Soil erosion in catchment areas reduces soil productivity and causes a loss of reservoir capacity. Several parametric models have been developed to predict soil erosion at drainage basins, hill slopes and field levels. The well-known Universal Soil Loss Equation （USLE） represents a standardized approach. Miyun reservoir, which sits on Chaobaihe River, is the main surface source of drinking water for Beijing, the capital of China. Water and soil loss are the main reasons for sediment to enter a reservoir. Sediment yield is assessed using a version of the universal soil loss equation modified by Chinese researchers. All year 2001 and 2002 data for factors in the equation are obtained from remote sensing or collected to form an analysis database. These factors are computed and mapped using Geographic Information System tools. Based on the complex database, the modified model is developed. Through pixel-based computing the sediment yield per hydrological unit is calculated. The model does not consider sediment deposition occurring on hillslopes. Gross soil loss is often higher than the sum of those measured at catchment outlets. The sediment delivery ratio （SDR） per hydrological unit is also computed. This study analyzes the main contributions of sediment yields on sub-basins of the Chaobaihe River to the Miyun Reservoir, and discusses the possible reasons for the difference between SDRs in 2001 and 2002 at different outlets. The result shows that in the upper basin of the Miyun Reservoir, in 2001 the area of erosion that could be neglected was 8,202.76 km^2, the area of low erosion 3,269.59 km^2, the area of moderate erosion 3,400.97 km^2, the area of high erosion 436.89 km^2, the area of strong erosion 52.19 km^2 and the area of severe erosion 3.13 km^2. The highest soil loss was 70,353 t/km^2. yr in Fengning County in 2001, followed by 64,418 t/km^2. yr by Chicheng County in 2001. The SDR in 2002 was lower than that in 2001. The main reasons are the decreasing rainfall erosivity and total runoff.     

APPLICATION OF 3D HIGH PRECISION GRAVITY METHOD TO THE EXPLORATION OF DEEP BURIED HILL

Due to the influence of volcanic rock or weathering crust coverage, the quality of deep seismic data is often not reliable and it is difficult to identify small deep buried hill structure beneath the cover. However, the gravity exploration technology can use the remarkable density differences between the object and the overlying strata to identify this special geological reservoir. Although recently several rounds of seismic exploration have been carried out in Raoyang depression, Huabei Oilfield, North China to determine the existence of Hu 8 north deep buried hill, whether the buried hill really exists or not as well as its scale is still in controversial. In this paper, based on the information of seismic data and formation density, deep processing of 3D high precision ground gravity data has been carried out for 3D forward and inversion computation. The dimensional gravity forward calculation results show that the density of the deep anomaly body forms a relatively low gravity anomaly in the earth's surface. By using the potential processing method of vertical second derivative, and sliding filtering, the residual anomaly is separated from regional or background field, which illustrates the existence of a local high gravity anomaly at Hu 8 north area. According to the amplitude of residual gravity anomaly and formation density difference modeling, through a number of 3D forward calculations and 3D inversion of gravity data, the existence of Hu 8 north buried hill and its possible scale are basically determined. The results prove that the 3D high precision gravity method is effective in determining the deep buried hill structure in case that seismic data is not reliable.     

福建水口库区地震性质讨论

水口水库建成蓄水后,库区出现了频繁的地震活动,这可能是原有构造地震的进一步活动,也可能是水库诱发的。因此,有必要对水口水库蓄水后发生的地震性质进行判断。本文根据国内外已发生水库诱发地震震例资料和以往经验,结合水口库区具体情况,用定性判断法、概率法、扩散系数判别法等,对水口库区地震性质进行验证和判断,结果认为：水口库区蓄水后发生的地震属诱发地震。     

A water balance approach for quantifying subsurface exchange fluxes and associated errors in hill reservoirs in semiarid regions

Hill reservoirs are rain water‐harvesting structures that have been increasingly adopted in arid and semi‐arid regions, such as North Africa, to capture and conserve runoff water and for use as alternative water resources in agricultural development. Currently, process‐based information on reservoir hydrology is needed to improve reservoir management practices. The study aims to develop an approach to estimate the reservoir–subsurface exchange flux and its associated error at the annual, monthly, and intra‐monthly time scales to better understand the hydrological functioning and dynamics of hill reservoirs. This approach is based on a hydrological water balance of the hill reservoir by considering all water input and output fluxes and their associated errors. The results demonstrate the ability and relevance of the approach in estimating the net reservoir–subsurface exchange flux and its error estimations at various time scales. Its application on the Kamech catchment (Northern Tunisia) for the 2009–2012 period demonstrates that the net reservoir–subsurface exchange flux is positive, i.e. the infiltration from the hill reservoir to the aquifer dominates over the discharge from the aquifer to the reservoir. Moreover, reservoir–subsurface exchange constitutes the main output component in the water balance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大连三道沟山体预裂爆破降震效果

大连东北路工程三道沟路段山体爆破点距净水厂蓄水池很近，为了确保蓄水池安全和施工进度，在微差爆破的基础上，采用预裂爆破降震技术，收到了良好效果。     

统计预测模型对三峡库区诱发地震预测的应用

通过实地考察并结合前人的研究成果,在地震地质背景研究的基础上,将长江三峡工程坝址至巫山库段划分为5个预测区共12个预测单元,选用8个诱震因素,运用统计预测模型预测了水库诱发地震的可能性及诱发地震震级。结果表明,库水蓄至最高水位,三峡工程坝址至巫山库段中多数预测单元诱发微震和不发生地震的概率值高,无震可能性较大。但九湾溪断层沿线、仙女山断层库段具备诱发3.0～4.5级或4.5～6.0级地震的可能;考虑到龙会观5.1级地震与高桥断裂的关系,预测结果显示高桥断裂沿线具有诱发强烈水库地震(≥6.0级)的可能性,其预测概率值为0.23     

气爆型水库诱发地震的分析

气爆可能为水库诱发地震的一种成因。本文讨论了气爆机理。通过弹性理论分析和能量计算,讨论了它产生的条件,估计了其一般震级。 岩溶区的一些中小水库曾出现过气爆现象。但曾被作为典型气爆成因的乌江渡水库诱发地震却不属于气爆型     

基于人工边坡稳定性的降雨型滑坡预警预报模型设计与应用

由削坡建房遗留的人工边坡存在大量滑坡隐患问题,在降雨引发土质边坡自身动力变化分析条件下,以稳定性评价建模为基础,提出降雨型滑坡动力学预警预报模型.文中以广东省梅州市花岗岩地区为例,使用GIS技术构建了1727个预警分析单元,并进行关键地质环境因子赋值及与气象站点数据关联;按坡高、坡度等参数,分别构建16个边坡失稳动力学...