位场向下延拓组合滤波器的设计和应用

一 重、磁异常向下延拓能将水平方向迭加的异常分开,并能突出异常细节,从而丰富异常的解释内容,提高异常解释的可靠性.本文从对引起向下延拓不稳定的各种因素的讨论入手,结合对一些向下延拓方法在频率域的分析,提出了一种与已知资料频谱特征相“匹配”的组合滤波器。经理论模型和实例考核,说明该滤波器既能保证向下延拓有较高的精度,又有较强的抗干扰能力。     

位场向下延拓组合滤波器的设计和应用

一 重、磁异常向下延拓能将水平方向迭加的异常分开,并能突出异常细节,从而丰富异常的解释内容,提高异常解释的可靠性.本文从对引起向下延拓不稳定的各种因素的讨论入手,结合对一些向下延拓方法在频率域的分析,提出了一种与已知资料频谱特征相“匹配”的组合滤波器。经理论模型和实例考核,说明该滤波器既能保证向下延拓有较高的精度,又有较强的抗干扰能力。     

A METHOD FOR INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA*

The application of automatic methods to the processing of potential field survey results has led to the need for the development of special procedures for the interpolation and extrapolation of such data. A method is proposed which utilizes the mathematical properties of potential field data to achieve a minimum distortion solution to the interpolation/extrapolation problem. The proposed method is suitable for use with any data point distribution. Digital computer programs have been prepared using the method; results obtained through the use of the programs are presented.     

CONSTRAINED INVERSION OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA*

For constrained inversion of potential field data within the framework of generalized inversion an analysis of data error variances leads to confidence limits for the model parameters. For that purpose Pseudo-hyper-ellipsoids can be used to describe the nonlinear behaviour of the given inverse problem, and upper and lower bounds can be added to those parameters of which some independent knowledge is available. A gravity example is treated to show the application of the method.     

二维Wiener滤波器及在物探中应用的一些问题

本文结合二维随机场函数z（x,y）及其统计特征、平稳性和各态遍历性的概念,导出了二维Wiener滤波器的两个波数响应Hopt（u,v）和 opt（u,v）,并详细地讨论了导出它们的条件。为了正确地应用Wiener滤波技术,我们提供了检验物探观测数据的平稳性和各态遍历性的简单而适用的方法。最后还指出,当应用Wiener滤波的不相关技术时,将在区域异常的谱函数中引入一个非线性畸变因子,这个区域异常是从具有局部干扰的观测数据中提取的。于是,所提取的区域异常必然会产生某种程度的失真。     

二维Wiener滤波器及在物探中应用的一些问题

本文结合二维随机场函数z（x,y）及其统计特征、平稳性和各态遍历性的概念,导出了二维Wiener滤波器的两个波数响应H_opt（u,v）和 _opt（u,v）,并详细地讨论了导出它们的条件。为了正确地应用Wiener滤波技术,我们提供了检验物探观测数据的平稳性和各态遍历性的简单而适用的方法。最后还指出,当应用Wiener滤波的不相关技术时,将在区域异常的谱函数中引入一个非线性畸变因子,这个区域异常是从具有局部干扰的观测数据中提取的。于是,所提取的区域异常必然会产生某种程度的失真。     

THE STABILITY OF THE SOLUTIONS OF THE POTENTIAL FIELD TRANSFORMATIONS *

The quantitative analysis of the potential fields leads to the solution of some operational equations which sometimes have unstable solutions representing fictitious anomalies. A general method to find numerically stable solutions of such problems is presented in this paper. The subject of the downward analytical continuation is also discussed. The method has been checked on a theoretical model and applied to a gravity map.     

A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF UPWARD CONTINUATION OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA *

A spatial analysis of both continuous and discrete operators for upward continuation help us realize the problems and limitations which have been encountered before (Henderson 1960, Kontis 1971) but remained unsolved in practical application of upward continuation computation due to the finite length of data and operator in spatial domain. Various numerical examples show that an improvement of accuracy of continuation computations can be achieved through proper sampling and sufficient length of data.     

INTERPRETATION OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA A GENERALIZED INVERSE APPROACH*

The interpretation of potential field data from two-dimensional structures with a single interface of density or susceptibility contrasts is solved in terms of generalized matrix inversion. The model equations are derived, and important features of generalized matrix inversion are treated. The method is subsequently used to solve two gravity problems, an artificial one where the solution is known, and a geophysical one related to the crust-mantle interface. The solution is shown to compare well with the FFT results of Oldenburg. The method is also used to solve two magnetic problems, an artificial one with the solution known, and a geophysical one from the continental shelf of Greenland. The advantages and limitations of the method are finally discussed.     

POTENTIAL FIELD CONTINUATION BETWEEN GENERAL SURFACES*

The theory of potential field continuation is studied with a view of extending it to include continuation between non-linear surfaces. This theoretical extension is regarded as useful in reducing observed potential fields along one general surface to another general surface. It is demonstrated that the continuation operators considered in past geophysical literature are special cases of the generalized operators. In view of the tremendous growth in the art of high-speed computing it is possible to consider applications of the generalized operators. In worked examples upward continuation between a general surface and a datum is considered for the gravity field due to geometrically simple sources; this in order to test the accuracy of the digital applications. It is indicated that for observations on an undulating surface it is possible to account for considerable errors when, during interpretation, the observation locations are taken to be along a datum. For aids to profile interpretation in areas of considerable topographic relief some simple convolution operators for continuation between linear, non-parallel surfaces are proposed.     

END CORRECTIONS IN POTENTIAL FIELD MODELING*

A general treatment of end corrections in gravity and magnetic modeling is presented. The well-known 2-D formulae of Talwani and Talwani and Heirtzler become slightly changed to represent a 2 1/2–D body, i.e. a body of polygonal cross section with the tails In the strike direction cut off.     

THE SOLUTION OF THE STATIONARY ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH AND POTENTIAL OF A POINT CURRENT SOURCE IN A 2 1/2- DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT*

A method is given for solving the dc electric field problem of a point current source in an anisotropic 2 1/2-dimensional structural model. The surface integral equation of the field strength is given. Parallel to the strike the field strength is represented by a Fourier series. On the plane perpendicular to the strike each term of the field strength series is solved by means of the method of sub-sections, where linear behaviour of field strength over the sub-sections is assumed. Some numerical examples for different galvanic effects are given.     

二维频率测深边界单元法正演计算

在二维层状介质中含有横向非均匀体的地电断面情况下,对电偶源的偶极长度作了延长,并选取了适当的基本解及无穷远边界条件,因而将相应的含源谐变电磁场的边值问题转化为较简单的边界积分方程．用边界单元法求出了相应的电磁场分量,进而计算阻抗视电阻率,并对这一算法作了相应的检验．     

二维频率测深边界单元法正演计算

在二维层状介质中含有横向非均匀体的地电断面情况下，对电偶源的偶极长度作了延长，并选取了适当的基本解及无穷远边界条件，因而将相应的含源谐变电磁场的边值问题转化为较简单的边界积分方程．用边界单元法求出了相应的电磁场分量，进而计算阻抗视电阻率，并对这一算法作了相应的检验．     

ON THE UPWARD CONTINUATION OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA BETWEEN IRREGULAR SURFACES*

The potential field and its derivatives at points above an irregular surface can be approximately obtained from the sampled potential field data acquired on that surface. A method of minimizing the truncation effect, which appears when gravity and magnetic maps are processed with the aid of surface integrals, is derived. The results are compared with those of the most relevant similar methods by using a theoretical, but realistic, model.     

场位解析延拓的稳定化算法

本文讨论场位解析延拓的稳定化算法。首先叙述问题的古典提法,并且为以后作准备,将它化成另一类不适定问题。接着建立问题解的连续依赖性估计。然后根据这个估计式,将问题化成求解一个条件变分问题。最后利用正则化方法解这个变分问题,得到问题解的一个稳定化的计算公式。     

场位解析延拓的稳定化算法

本文讨论场位解析延拓的稳定化算法。首先叙述问题的古典提法,并且为以后作准备,将它化成另一类不适定问题。接着建立问题解的连续依赖性估计。然后根据这个估计式,将问题化成求解一个条件变分问题。最后利用正则化方法解这个变分问题,得到问题解的一个稳定化的计算公式。     

位场DFT算法研究

本文推广了经典的抽样定理,并据此导出了函数有限离散傅里叶变换误差方程（简称DFT误差方程,下同）。该方程把有限离散傅里叶变换中固有的离散效应和有限效应表示为确切的数学形式。离散效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数;有限效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数的DFT。 基于DFT误差方程和位函数特点,作者提出了两种位场数值傅里叶变换新算法——移样法和等效源续尾叠样法。移样法可近百倍地提高位场数值傅里叶反变换的精度,等效源续尾叠样法可数十倍地提高正变换精度。两种算法都不需要增加资料长度和取样密度,因而基本不需要增加计算机时间和内存。文中给出了算例。     

位场DFT算法研究

本文推广了经典的抽样定理,并据此导出了函数有限离散傅里叶变换误差方程（简称DFT误差方程,下同）。该方程把有限离散傅里叶变换中固有的离散效应和有限效应表示为确切的数学形式。离散效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数;有限效应被表示为一个含整参变量（参变量取0,1,…,N-1）的复无穷级数的DFT。 基于DFT误差方程和位函数特点,作者提出了两种位场数值傅里叶变换新算法--移样法和等效源续尾叠样法。移样法可近百倍地提高位场数值傅里叶反变换的精度,等效源续尾叠样法可数十倍地提高正变换精度。两种算法都不需要增加资料长度和取样密度,因而基本不需要增加计算机时间和内存。文中给出了算例。