福建紫金山铜金矿床铜矿物及其主要特征

<正>位于福建省上杭县的紫金山铜金矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床,具有"上金下铜"的垂直矿化分带特征。金矿体之下为垂直厚度超过1000米的巨大铜矿体,铜矿石以蓝辉铜矿-铜蓝-硫砷铜矿-明矾石矿物组合为主,铜矿物种类多样化。1铜矿物的种类在紫金山铜金矿区内铜矿物种类丰富,目前     

西藏斯弄多浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态研究

斯弄多银铅锌矿床是冈底斯成矿带林子宗群火山岩中发现的首例低硫化型浅成低温热液型中-大型多金属矿床。矿区矿物组合多样,矿石组构复杂,具有热液成矿作用的典型特征,成矿阶段可划分为(I)闪锌矿-黄铜矿-硫砷铜矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、(Ⅱ)方铅矿-闪锌矿-银矿物阶段、(Ⅲ)黄铁矿-石英-方解石三个成矿阶段。通过野外调查、地质编录、显微观察和电子探针(EPMA)微区分析,本文对该矿床中银的赋存状态进行了详细的研究。结果表明,银主要以独立银矿物形式存在,方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等金属矿物中不可见银极少。银矿物种类主要为硫砷铜银矿、辉银矿、深红银矿、螺状硫银矿和自然银,呈裂隙银或粒间银形式赋存于矿区碧玉、铁锰碳酸盐和早期金属硫化物中,次以包裹银形式赋存于早期硫化物中。另,在硫砷铜矿中发育极少的类质同象不可见银。银矿化主要形成于成矿阶段Ⅱ,银主要以硫的络合物形式运移,随着成矿流体物理化学条件的变化而发生沉淀,形成银矿物。     

紫金山高硫型金铜矿的矿床地质研究进展

随着紫金山金铜矿露天采矿规模的不断扩大,许多与矿床成因密切相关的地质现象被剥露出来,露采场成为进行矿床地质研究的最佳场所。本文对紫金山金铜矿露采场的构造、矿化及蚀变分带特征进行了详细研究,研究表明:在自北向南靠近火山机构的过程中,蚀变带依次为绢云母+地开石化带、地开石+明矾石化带、地开石+褐铁矿化带和强硅化带,各个蚀变带内的主要金属矿物组合变化依次为黄铁矿+斑铜矿±硫砷铜矿±蓝辉铜矿,黄铁矿+蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+硫砷铜矿±斑铜矿,褐铁矿+针铁矿+自然金+次生铜蓝+孔雀石,黄铁矿+斑铜矿+硫砷铜矿+蓝辉铜矿。在空间分布上,主要的矿石矿物在水平方向上从斑铜矿渐变为蓝辉铜矿,垂直方向上从上部的自然金+褐铁矿向下变为蓝辉铜矿+斑铜矿,深部变为铜蓝±蓝辉铜矿。蚀变分带与金属矿物组合的空间分布都体现出在靠近火山机构及深度增加的过程中成矿热液的硫逸度和氧逸度越来越高。矿石中还出现了具有指示意义的含锡矿物。这些特征都表明紫金山金铜矿是含矿热液多期次叠加的结果。金的富集成矿和金铜的矿化分带受北西向与北东向密集节理交汇带的控制。     

紫金山铜金矿床铜蓝垂向变化特征探讨

<正>1研究背景及意义福建省上杭县的紫金山铜金矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床,具有"上金下铜"的垂直矿化分带特征,铜矿体主要分布在+928~-400 m,铜金属量丰富,大于300万t。该矿床目前已发现Cu-S体系8种矿物[1],硫砷铜矿、块硫砷铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿等21种铜矿物。铜矿物中蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝、块硫砷铜矿、硫砷铜矿占99%以上。前人对铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿的矿物成分和矿物组合分布特征有较深     

广东梅县玉水铜多金属矿田矿床矿物学特征

着重研究梅县玉水铜多金属矿体中矿石的产出特征,黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、锌黔铜矿、锌砷黔铜矿、硫铜银矿、新发现的矿物硫铜铜矿等矿石矿物的矿物学特征和银的赋存状态。     

硫铟铜矿在福建紫金山铜金矿床的发现及深部找矿意义

硫铟铜矿(CuInS2)是一种罕见的铟独立矿物,在中国未曾报道过。在研究福建紫金山铜金矿床深部矿石矿物组成时,首次发现了硫铟铜矿。硫铟铜矿通常见于中高温热液矿床,紫金山铜金矿床东南矿段铜矿体中出现了硫钨锡铜矿、硫钼锡铜矿、硫铁锡铜矿、硫砷锡铜矿、锡砷硫钒铜矿、似黄锡矿、辉钼矿等高温矿物,指示紫金山矿床深部成矿温度较高,成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo、W含量较高,具有斑岩型等中高温热液成矿系统的找矿潜力。     

紫金山金铜矿床深部成矿作用研究和找矿前景评价的关键

紫金山铜金矿床是典型的高硫化浅成低温热液矿床, 发育巨厚的热液蚀变帽, 多孔状石英和高级泥化蚀变带等标志性特征; 特别是在金矿体之下出现垂直厚度超过1000米的巨大铜矿体, 属于蓝辉铜矿－铜蓝－硫砷铜矿－明矾石矿物组合的高硫化型浅成低温热液铜矿床类型, 铜硫化物的矿物学研究预示着深部可能变为斑岩型铜矿床。     

吉林山门银金矿床地质特征

山门银金矿床为浅成低温热液型矿床,贫硫化物型矿石.银矿物有自然银、辉银矿、锌银黝铜矿、深红银矿、硫砷铜银矿、硫锑铜银矿、马硫铜银矿、硫铜银矿.矿化分6个阶段.成矿温度为110~160℃.成矿时代燕山晚期.     

呷村银多金属块状硫化物矿床银的赋存状态

通过大量岩石、矿石光（薄）片观察鉴定、电子探针分析、首次查明呷村海相火山岩型银多金属状块硫化物矿床有硫砷铜银矿和硫砷铜矿两种硫盐矿物。研究表明，除硫化物外（主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿，其次为黄铜矿，毒砂，斑铜矿，铜铜银矿，螺硫银矿，磁黄铁矿等），硫盐矿物十分发育，主要有黝铜矿、车轮矿、硫砷铜矿、硫砷铜银矿等。该矿床中的银主要在喷流-沉积成矿阶段富集。     

基于XRF的紫金山铜矿床硫地质特征

福建紫金山铜矿床属高硫浅成中低温热液矿床,矿石中主要含铜矿物为蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝和硫砷铜矿等,且铜矿物与黄铁矿密切共生。由于铜矿石中硫含量较高,导致铜精矿中硫含量超标,w(S)/w(Cu)比值为2.0~2.1,远高于冶炼要求的1.15~1.20,影响其经济价值。使用X射线荧光(XRF)光谱分析对紫金山铜矿中S元素的分布进行数字化研究,查明硫的空间分布规律和赋存状态,划分铜矿石类型,为紫金山铜矿今后的采选工作提供参考。     

浙江安吉多金属矿床金银赋存状态及银矿物特征研究

安吉矿区是以热液型铅锌铜为主的多金属矿床,工程样化验结果显示,各类矿石均含有高品位的银,可以独立划分银矿体。岩矿显微鉴定、SEM/EDS及EPMA分析结果表明,矿区中的Pb、Zn和Cu主要以方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿形式存在,银与这些硫化物有密切的依存关系。对数十个典型矿石光薄片进行了研究,发现矿区多数铅锌铜矿石中金、银主要以类质同像形式存在于方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等硫化物中,金、银含量分别达0.03%~0.57%和0.02%~3%。而热液脉型铅锌矿石中的银主要以两种独立银矿物(硫锑铜银矿和银锑黝铜矿)的形式,在方铅矿之中呈粒状、短柱状、叶片状、树枝状、不规则状发育,单颗粒粒度多在10~60μm之间,少数可达100μm,集合体粒度可达200μm。另外这两种独立银矿物之中还存在类质同像形式的金,据统计,金、银含量分别达0.14%~0.35%和10.98%~69.12%。因此,方铅矿为银独立矿物的主要载体之一,且富方铅矿的矿石中更容易发现独立银矿物。     

江西冷水坑矿田下鲍Ag-Pb-Zn矿床地质特征及银的赋存状态研究

下鲍大型Ag-Pb-Zn矿床位于江西冷水坑矿田西南部。矿床地质研究表明,成矿作用可以分三个阶段:(Ⅰ)闪锌矿-黄铁矿阶段;(Ⅱ)方铅矿-闪锌矿-银矿物阶段;(Ⅲ)黄铁矿-石英(方解石)阶段。岩矿石光薄片鉴定和电子探针分析表明,下鲍矿床主要金属硫化物为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿及银矿物。电子探针分析显示,银主要以独立银矿物形式存在,金属硫化物中不可见银极少。银矿物种类主要为螺状硫银矿和自然银,呈裂隙银赋存于铁锰碳酸盐中或呈粒间银分布于铁锰碳酸盐粒间和早期硫化物晶隙间;另有少量硫银锡矿、含银黝铜矿、淡红银矿、金银矿及深红银矿、硫砷铜银矿等银矿物,呈亚显微粒状赋存于铁锰碳酸盐粒间或呈固溶体分离结构赋存于方铅矿、闪锌矿等硫化物中。主要银矿物大量赋存于铁锰碳酸盐中,表明银矿化与铁锰碳酸盐可能存在成因联系。     

云南官房铜矿床矿石矿物特征及银的赋存状态

通过显微镜鉴定、电子探针(EPMA)及扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM/EDS)等方法,首次对官房铜矿的矿物组合和银的赋存状态进行了研究。初步查明,矿石矿物为中-低温热液成因,并受火山机构及断裂构造的控制;银矿物主要为碲银矿和辉银矿。矿石中银与铜呈明显正相关关系,而方铅矿中不含银。银主要以类质同象的形式赋存于含铜矿物或黄铁矿中;银的独立矿物含量低,且多呈包裹体的形式存在于黄铜矿、斑铜矿及黄铁矿中,或以微细粒状赋存于矿物颗粒间和斑铜矿的表面。     

黔东南坑头金矿床热液蚀变特征及成矿过程研究

黔东南金成矿区位于江南造山带金成矿省的西南端,成矿条件优越。坑头金矿床是黔东南金成矿区的一个中型矿床,在其深部找矿中,发现除石英脉型矿体外,还存在蚀变岩型矿体。然而,这种蚀变岩型矿体的构造形态、蚀变类型、与石英脉型矿体之间关系和金的赋存状态尚不清楚。本研究与当前的勘查工作紧密结合,围绕石英脉型矿体和新发现的蚀变岩型矿体为研究切入点,借助微区分析技术(扫描电镜和电子探针)进行系统的“流体-蚀变-成矿”研究。蚀变矿物金红石矿物化学显示为热液成因,具有典型造山型金矿床的金红石标型特征。围岩的沉积-成岩过程(包括低级变质作用过程),主要形成了草莓状黄铁矿和含铁碳酸盐岩,为后期含金硫化物(黄铁矿和毒砂)的形成提供物质基础(如Fe)。金的成矿富集过程主要经历了绢云母+毒砂+黄铁矿+石英(Ser+Apy+Py+Qtz)阶段、黄铁矿+毒砂+石英(Py+Apy+Qtz)阶段和自然金+石英(Au⁰+Qtz)阶段。在Ser+Apy+Py+Qtz阶段,主要表现为含矿流体与围岩的初级交代,形成大量浸染状黄铁矿+毒砂的硫化带;Py+Apy+Qtz阶段主要为流体沿着剪切带再交代,形成蚀变岩型矿...     

桂西那弱银金矿床矿物组合特征及银和金的赋存状态研究

广西天峨那弱银金矿床以银矿为主,共/伴生金及铅、锌、锑等金属,矿物组合在右江盆地内为首次发现。矿体受那弱背斜及其轴向断层控制,赋矿层位为中三叠统百逢组含钙质浊积岩系。矿石矿物以硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、黄铁矿、毒砂和方铅矿为主;脉石矿物主要有石英、方解石、绢云母等。主要矿石矿物由早到晚的生成顺序为:毒砂→黄铁矿→铁闪锌矿→硫锑铅矿→方铅矿。单矿物化学分析显示硫锑铅矿含Ag最高,其次为闪锌矿;黄铁矿含Au相对较高。EPMA测试结果表明Ag于方铅矿中含量最高,其次为硫锑铅矿;主要矿石矿物中毒砂含Au相对较高,其余矿物中Au含量均偏低。因矿石中的铅矿物主要为硫锑铅矿,可以认为那弱银金矿床的Ag主要赋存于硫锑铅矿中,Au主要赋存于毒砂与黄铁矿中,二者均以显微-次显微状态赋存于载体矿物中。根据矿物组合及其相互交代、切割关系等特征,将矿床划分为2个成矿期共4个成矿阶段。其中,第一成矿期为金的成矿期,矿物组合为黄铁矿和毒砂,由于后期成矿作用的叠加,仅保留一个成矿阶段;第二成矿期为银铅锌成矿期,矿物组合为方铅矿-闪锌矿-硫锑铅矿;包含第二至第四共3个完整的成矿阶段。该矿床Ag、Au共生是不同期次成矿作用叠加的结果。     

福建武平悦洋银多金属矿床特征及成因探讨

武平悦洋银多金属矿床受基底与火山岩系不整合面附近发育的一组铲式断裂裂隙带控制,以独特的石英 冰长石 银(金)和绢云母 银铜蚀变矿化组合区别于紫金山矿区石英 明矾石 铜(金)组合,与紫金山地区五子骑龙铜矿床、罗卜岭斑岩型铜矿床共同构成与中酸性次火山斑岩有关的浅成低温斑岩铜金银矿成矿(亚)系列。     

Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t^?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO₂‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO₂‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.     

Mineral and geochemical compositions,regularities of distribution,and specific formation of ore mineralization of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (northeastern Russia)

New data on the mineral composition and the first data on the geochemical composition of ores of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (Omsukchan ore district, northeastern Russia) have been obtained. Study of the regularities of the spatial distribution of ore mineralization shows that the deposit ores formed in two stages. Epithermal Au-Ag ores of typical poor mineral and elemental compositions were generated at the early volcanic stage. The major minerals are low-fineness native gold, electrum, acanthite, silver sulfosalts, kustelite, and pyrite. The typomorphic elemental composition of ores is as follows: Au, Ag, Sb, As, Se, and Hg. The content of S is low, mostly < 1%. Silver ores of more complex mineral and elemental compositions were produced under the impact of granitoid intrusion at the late volcanoplutonic stage. The major minerals are high-Hg kustelite and native silver, silver sulfosalts and selenides, fahlore, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The typomorphic elemental composition of ores is as follows: Ag, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and B. The content of S is much higher than 1%. The ores also have elevated contents of Mo, Ge, F, and LREE (La, Ce, and Nd). At the volcanoplutonic stage, polychronous Au-Ag ores formed at the sites of the coexistence of silver and epithermal gold-silver mineralization. Their specific feature is a multicomponent composition and a strong variability in chemical composition (both qualitative and quantitative). Along with the above minerals, the ores contain high-Hg gold, hessite, argyrodite, canfieldite, orthite, fluorapatite, and arsenopyrite. At the sites with strongly rejuvenated rocks, the ores are strongly enriched in Au, Ag, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ge, Se, La, Ce, Nd, S, and F and also contain Te and Bi. The hypothesis is put forward that the late silver ores belong to the Ag-complex-metal association widespread in the Omsukchan ore district. A close relationship between the ores of different types and their zonal spatial distribution have been established. In the central part of the Rogovik deposit, epithermal Au-Ag ores are widespread in the upper horizons, Ag ores are localized in the middle horizons, and rejuvenated polyassociation Au-Ag ores occur at the sites (mostly deep-seated) with ore-bearing structures of different ages.     

Silver-Bearing and Associated Minerals in El Zancudo Deposit, Antioquia, Colombia

The occurrence and the chemical compositions of ore minerals (especially the silver‐bearing minerals) and fluid inclusions of the El Zancudo mine in Colombia were investigated in order to analyze the genetic processes of the ore minerals and to examine the genesis of the deposit. The El Zancudo mine is a silver–gold deposit located in the western flank of the Central Cordillera in Antioquia Department. It consists mainly of banded ore veins hosted in greenschist and lesser disseminated ore in porphyritic rocks. The ore deposit is associated with extensive hydrothermally altered zones. The ores from the banded veins contain sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, Ag‐bearing sulfosalts, Pb‐Sb sulfosalts, and minor chalcopyrite, electrum, and native silver. Electrum is included within sphalerite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite, and is also partially surrounded by pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite. Native silver is present in minor amounts as small grains in contact with Ag‐rich sulfosalts. Silver‐bearing sulfosalts are argentian tetrahedrite–freibergite solid solution, andorite, miargyrite, diaphorite, and owyheeite. Pb‐Sb sulfosalts are bournonite, jamesonite, and boulangerite. Two main crystallization stages are recognized, based on textural relations and mineral assemblages. The first‐stage assemblage includes sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and electrum. The second stage is divided into two sub‐stages. The first sub‐stage commenced with the deposition and growth of sphalerite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. These minerals are characterized by compositional growth banding, and seem to have crystallized continuously until the end of the second sub‐stage. Tetrahedrite, Pb‐Cu sulfosalts, Ag‐Sb sulfosalt, and Pb‐Ag‐Sb sulfosalts crystallized from the final part of the first sub‐stage and during the whole second sub‐stage. However, one Pb‐Ag‐Sb sulfosalt, diaphorite, was formed by a retrograde reaction between galena and miargyrite. The minimum and maximum genetic temperatures estimated from the FeS content of sphalerite coexisting with pyrite and the silver content of electrum are 300°C and 420°C, respectively. These estimated genetic temperatures are similar to, but slightly higher than the homogenization temperatures (235–350°C) of primary fluid inclusions in quartz. The presence of muscovite in the altered host rocks and gangue suggest that the pH of the hydrothermal solutions was close to neutral. Most of the sulfosalts in this deposit have previously been attributed as the products of epithermal mineralization. However, El Zancudo can be classified as a xenothermal deposit, in view of the low pressure and high temperature genetic conditions identified in the present study, based on the mineralogy of sulfosalts and the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions.     

藏东芒康县巴达铜金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

巴达铜金矿位于藏东富碱斑岩带南段,是藏东地区近年来新发现的大型铜金矿。虽然对巴达铜金矿开展了大量勘查工作,但对该矿床的成因尚未取得共识。本文基于详细的野外调研、岩心与坑道编录及系统的镜下鉴定,对巴达铜金矿床地质特征进行研究。巴达矿床主要产于石英二长斑岩中,局部产于斑岩和砂岩地层的接触带内。矿床发育的围岩蚀变主要为青磐岩化、钾化、绢英岩化,高岭土化、蛋白石化、蒙脱石化次之,蚀变分带从内向外依次为钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化带、青磐岩化带、高岭土化带,铜金矿体主要赋存于钾硅酸盐化和绢英岩化带内,铜矿化主要以黄铜矿形式产出,金矿化主要以银金矿形式产于白云石±石英+细粒黄铁矿±黄铜矿脉中,铜矿化与金矿化呈正相关,矿体的产出受北西向逆冲断层的控制。与典型斑岩和浅成低温热液矿床不同,巴达铜金矿化主要产于白云石±石英+黄铁矿脉中;矿床内既发育碳酸盐、伊利石、绢云母和黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿、低FeS闪锌矿等一套中硫型浅成低温热液矿床的蚀变矿物组合,又发育符合碱性斑岩系统的特征矿物赤铁矿。基于以上特征判断,巴达铜金矿矿床成因类型应为与富碱斑岩有关的浅成低温热液矿床,巴达铜金矿矿床成因的厘定,为下一步找矿提供了理论指导。