黔东南锦屏平秋金矿床成矿流体来源研究

锦屏平秋金矿产出有层间石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型2种金矿类型,分别受新元古界青白口系番召组地层和层间滑脱断层或切层断层所控制,是黔东南极具代表性的金矿床之一。矿山目前开采的是层间石英脉型金矿,本文以该类型金矿作为研究对象,采集并挑选出矿石中的成矿期石英和共生毒砂,通过石英矿物O同位素、流体包裹体H同位素以及毒砂流体包裹体He、Ar同位素分析,对成矿流体来源进行研究。结果显示,石英矿物δ18O为17.2‰~17.7‰、流体δD为-66‰~-62‰,采用流体包裹体均一温度平均值和矿物-水的O同位素平衡方程计算获得成矿流体的δ18OH2O为7.17‰~7.67‰,显示成矿流体水来源于变质水;毒砂流体包裹体3He/4He为0.0483×10-6~0.1087×10-6、40Ar/36Ar为1046.3~6929.3,计算获得的R/Ra为0.0345~0.0776、4He/40Ar为4.4148~7.1754,表明平秋金矿床成矿流体中稀有气体来源于地壳。通过H-O和He-Ar同位素研究,本文认为锦屏平秋金矿床成矿流体起源于变质流体,很可能来源于赋矿番召组浅变质围岩。     

塔里木盆地热液流体活动及其对油气运移的影响

塔里木盆地奥陶系灰岩孔洞和裂缝中都可以见到大量的方解石充填,可以分为三种类型,即孔中方解石胶结物、CⅠ方解石脉和CⅡ方解石脉.CⅡ方解石脉具有较高的87Sr/86Sr比值,位于0.709103 ～0.710593之间,平均值为0.709538;较轻的碳氧同位素组成,其δ13CPDB值位于-5.67‰～-1.70‰之间,平均值为-2.95‰,δ18OPDB值位于-14.28‰～-7.88‰之间,平均值为-10.39‰.CⅡ方解石脉中的流体包裹体具有较高的均一温度,各样品平均值位于120.O～ 180.0℃之间.孔中方解石胶结物和CⅠ方解石脉在同位素组成和流体包裹体均一温度上较为一致,但都与CⅡ方解石脉有着显著的差别.综合比较各项分析测试结果,认为CⅡ方解石脉的形成与深部热液流体作用有关,而孔中方解石和CⅠ方解石脉则是从地层水中沉淀形成的.从热液流体中沉淀形成的CⅡ方解石脉中可见一定数量的油气包裹体,并且包裹体气相成分中除含有CO2外,还含有一定量的CH4和C2H6等有机组分.这些特征表明了热液流体在从深部向浅部活动过程中携带并促使了油气向浅部地层的运移.CⅡ方解石脉所具有的较轻的碳同位素组成是有机成因的CO2/CO32-在热液流体溶解携带油气时混入进了热液流体中的结果.热液流体主要通过降低原油粘度、减小油水界面张力来减小油气运移阻力,并能携带部分油气,从而促使油气沿断裂裂缝体系向浅部地层运移.     

河南银洞坡金矿成矿流体与矿床成因研究

银洞坡金矿位于桐柏县围山城金银矿带的中部,为一超大型金矿床,伴生银、铅锌。对金矿石中主要成矿阶段流体包裹体进行了详细的岩相学、显微测温及激光拉曼光谱成分研究,结果表明：金矿石中发育气液两相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含CO2三相包裹体,流体成分为H2O NaCl CO2体系,含少量N2、CH4、H2S和H2。流体不混溶是导致矿质沉淀的主要因素。3类包裹体的均一温度为1692～3992 ℃,流体盐度为18%～122%,其中含CO2三相包裹体的盐度明显小于气液两相包裹体的盐度。利用不混溶体系估算得到包裹体的捕获压力为62～1263 MPa,成矿深度为52 km左右。矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S为16‰~33‰,围岩中纹层状黄铁矿的δ34S为33‰～62‰,矿石中的δ34S小于围岩中δ34S值,表明成矿物质中的硫可能来源于地幔硫和围岩硫的混合。     

塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起北部中下奥陶统储层方解石脉成因及形成时间

塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆起北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层中发育多期方解石脉体,对流体活动历史和油气成藏过程都具有重要指示作用.本研究基于对方解石脉体薄片观察、阴极发光、微区原位元素、流体包裹体和锶同位素分析,划分方解石脉体发育期次,确定不同期次方解石脉体成因和形成时间.研究结果表明,顺托果勒低隆起北部碳酸盐岩储层中发育4期方解石脉（C1、C2、C3和C4）,不同期次方解石脉的Fe/Mn值和U/Th值均存在一定的差异.C1、C2、C3和C4方解石阴极发光颜色分别为暗红色、不发光-暗蓝色、橙黄色和亮黄色.C1方解石成脉流体来源于深部具有高87Sr/86Sr值流体,C2与C3方解石成脉流体相似,均来源于同地层具有海水性质的成岩流体.C1、C2和C4方解石脉体形成于偏还原环境,C3方解石脉体形成于相对偏氧化环境.通过不同期次脉体中发育的原生盐水包裹体均一温度,结合单井埋藏史和热史确定顺托果勒低隆起北部的C1方解石脉形成于距今约445 Ma,对应于加里东中期Ⅲ幕,C2和C3方解石脉分别形成于距今约430~428 Ma与418 Ma,对应于加里东晚期.      

田湾金矿成矿带成矿流体的同位素地球化学示踪

田湾金矿成矿带中 ,成矿流体同位素组成的复杂性 ,反映了成矿流体是多源的。石英流体包裹体氢氧同位素组成表明 ,成矿流体中的水主要来源于大气降水和岩浆水的混合。碳、氧同位素(δ13 C和δ18O)组成表明 ,既有沉积围岩中的碳 ,也有深部来源的碳 ,具有混合来源特征。成矿带内δ3 4S波动于 0‰～ 10‰之间 ,变化不大 ,具有深部来源硫的特征。大发沟矿段铅同位素组成变化较大 ,具有深、浅多源性。     

伏牛山构造带变质流体成分特征及构造意义

伏牛山构造带由多条韧性剪切带组成,剪切带中广泛发育同构造变质流体形成的脉体。脉体矿物成分以石英为主,石英脉中石英晶体内发育大量的流体包裹体和气液相包裹体。包裹体成分以含中高盐度水溶液、低CO2、低δ18O~δD以及少量有机质为特征,包裹体的均一温度为1706~3378℃,白云母压力计计算出的压力为027~087 GPa。整个伏牛山构造带变质流体成分和同位素均继承了原岩海底火山喷发的地化特征。伏牛山构造带变质程度以绿片岩相为主,压力较大,具有俯冲带的特性。包裹体的特点均反映了宽坪岩块和二郎坪岩块依次向华北板块下俯冲、汇聚时产生了强变形,弱变质的构造作用。     

江苏观山铜铅金矿床成矿流体地球化学和成因

观山铜铅金矿矿石中含有4种类型的流体包裹体:(Ⅰ)纯液相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅱ)富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅲ)富气相气液两相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅳ)纯气相包裹体。它们的气相分数变化较大,显示成矿过程中可能发生过沸腾作用。流体包裹体的显微测温结果显示,成矿流体的冰点温度为-0.3℃~-4.7℃,流体盐度w(NaCleq)变化范围为0.48%~7.39%,均一温度为133~304℃,对应流体密度为0.70~0.98g/cm3。同位素测定显示成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成分别为δD水=-81.0‰~-90.0‰,δ18O水=0.1‰~2.3‰,说明成矿流体主要为大气降水,但在矿体深部可能有少量岩浆水的加入。热液方解石碳同位素δ13C方解石=-1.2‰~2.9‰,显示其中的C主要来源于流体对流循环过程中对基底岩石中碳酸盐地层的溶解。综合成矿地质特征、成矿流体的证据与围岩蚀变类型,初步推断观山铜铅金矿为高硫型浅成低温热液金属矿床,沸腾作用可能是引起矿质发生沉淀富集成矿的重要因素之一。     

东胜铀矿流体包裹体同位素组成与成矿流体来源研究

东胜铀矿与典型的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床特征明显不同。矿物流体包裹体分析表明东胜铀矿成矿流体温度主要为150～160℃。流体包裹体的3He/4He值为0.02～1.00R/Ra,是地壳比值的5～40倍,其40Ar/36Ar同位素比值高达584～1243,明显偏离大气氩的同位素组成(40Ar/36Ar=295.5)。流体包裹体的δ18OH2O在-3.0‰～-8.75‰之间,δD在-55.8‰～-71.3‰之间,具有大气降水与岩浆水混合流体的特点。铀矿底板高岭石δ18OH2O为6.1‰,δD为-77‰,具有岩浆水的特点。铀矿方解石脉的δ13CV-PDB为-8.0‰,δ18OH2O为5.76‰,显示出地幔来源的特征。东胜铀矿成矿流体He-Ar同位素和碳、氢和氧同位素组成特征一致表明,成矿流体具有地壳与深部混合流体的特征。结合区域地质分析认为,侏罗—白垩纪鄂尔多斯盆地北部隆起区大面积分布的富铀变质岩和花岗岩遭受风化剥蚀,被大气降水搬运到当时地貌较低的东胜地区沉积。中生代鄂尔多斯盆地构造热事件和岩浆活动,促使地下深部流体和浅部油气沿断裂带和活化的裂隙上涌,充注到含铀碎屑砂岩中,为铀的活化和成矿作用提供了重要的能量。     

甘肃-新疆北山成矿带典型矿床成矿流体研究进展及成矿作用探讨

北山地区典型金矿床中常见H2O溶液包裹体、富CO2多相包裹体和富CH4包裹体, 成矿流体的挥发分主要为H2O-CO2-CH4。包裹体测温结果显示各类型金矿经历了多期流体活动, 属于中高-中低温、中-低盐度流体成矿。CO2和CH4的δ13C值表明前者来自岩浆脱气, 后者来自围岩地层。氢、氧同位素组成指示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆流体和大气降水来源的地下水, 但部分矿床渗入了少量变质水。大部分矿床成矿物质来源具有多元性, 壳源和幔源均存在, 根据成矿物理化学条件壳幔成分有差别。金属硫化物具岩浆硫和地层硫混合特点, 主要受赋矿围岩控制; 铅同位素组成反映主要来源于造山带或成熟弧环境, 上地壳铅也不同程度地提供了成矿物质。综合北山地区典型金矿床的包裹体测温、成矿流体组分以及成矿流体C、H、O同位素和成矿物质的S、Pb同位素特征, 我们认为各类型金矿床具有不同的成因控制因素。马庄山、南金山、金窝子和210矿床都以不同组成流体混合作用控制成矿; 小西弓、新金厂及老金厂金矿成矿早期, 热液流体围绕着岩浆侵入体作对流循环, 成矿晚期, 流体在围岩中作大面积的渗透淋滤。     

新疆东准噶尔南明水金矿床成矿流体特征：流体包裹体及氢氧同位素证据

新疆东准噶尔南明水金矿床位于卡拉麦里成矿带东段,矿体受NW—NWW向韧-脆性断裂控制,赋矿围岩为下石炭统姜巴斯套组的浅变质海相火山碎屑-沉积岩。以流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素为研究手段,查明了矿床成矿流体性质、来源及其演化特征与金成矿的关系。其热液成矿过程可划分早、中、晚3个阶段,石英中原生包裹体主要有CO2-H2O包裹体、水溶液包裹体和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。早阶段石英中以CO2-H2O包裹体和纯CO2包裹体为主,均一温度变化于257~339 ℃,盐度为04%~22%;中阶段石英中3种类型包裹体均发育,CO2-H2O包裹体和水溶液包裹体均一温度为196~361 ℃,盐度为04%~60%;晚阶段石英中仅见水溶液包裹体,均一温度相对较低,为174~252 ℃,盐度为14%~32%。由CO2-H2O包裹体计算的早、中阶段捕获压力分别为214~371 MPa、236~397 MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为81~140 km、89~150 km。成矿流体由早、中阶段的CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4体系演化至晚阶段贫CO2的H2O-NaCl体系,成矿温度和流体密度呈逐渐降低趋势,盐度变化不大。流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素研究表明,主成矿阶段成矿流体主要来源于变质水,CO2-H2O-NaCl流体的不混溶是导致Au富集成矿的重要机制,南明水金矿属于中深成造山型金矿床。     

Fluid generation, vein formation and the degree of fluid–rock interaction during decompression of high-pressure terranes: the Schistes Lustrés, Alpine Corsica, France

Centimetre‐ to decimetre‐wide quartz+calcite veins in schistes lustrés from Alpine Corsica were formed during exhumation at 30–40 Ma following blueschist facies metamorphism. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of the veins overlap those of the host schistes lustrés, and the δ¹⁸O values of the veins are much higher than those of other rocks on Corsica. These data suggest that the vein‐forming fluids were derived from the schistes lustrés. Fluids were probably generated by reactions that broke down carpholite, lawsonite, chlorite and white mica at 300–350 °C during decompression between c. 1400 and 800 MPa. However, the δ¹⁸O values of the veins are locally several per mil higher than expected given those of their host rocks. The magnitude of oxygen isotope disequilibrium between the veins and the host rock is inversely proportional to the δ¹⁸O value of the host rock. Additionally, calcite in some schists is in isotopic equilibrium with calcite in adjacent veins, but not with the silicate fraction of the schists. Locally, the schists are calcite bearing only within 1–20 cm of the veins. The vein‐forming fluids may have been preferentially derived from calcite‐bearing, high‐δ¹⁸O rocks that are common within the schistes lustrés and that locally contain abundant (>15%) veins. If the fluids were unable to completely isotopically equilibrate with the rocks, due to relatively rapid flow at moderate temperatures or being confined to fractures, they could form veins with higher δ¹⁸O values than those of the surrounding rocks. Alteration of the host rocks was probably inhibited by isolation of the fluid in ‘quartz‐armoured’ veins. Overall, the veins represent a metre‐ to hectometre‐scale fluid‐flow system confined to within the schistes lustrés unit, with little input from external sources. This fluid‐flow system is one of several that operated in the western Alps during exhumation following high‐pressure metamorphism.     

Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian (Givetian) carbonates from the Guilin area, South China

Pervasive dolomites occur preferentially in the stromatoporoid biostromal (or reefal) facies in the basal Devonian (Givetian) carbonate rocks in the Guilin area, South China. The amount of dolomites, however, decreases sharply in the overlying Frasnian carbonate rocks. Dolostones are dominated by replacement dolomites with minor dolomite cements. Replacement dolomites include: (1) fine to medium, planar‐e floating dolomite rhombs (Rd1); (2) medium to coarse, planar‐s patchy/mosaic dolomites (Rd2); and (3) medium to very coarse non‐planar anhedral mosaic dolomites (Rd3). They post‐date early submarine cements and overlap with stylolites. Two types of dolomite cements were identified: planar coarse euhedral dolomite cements (Cd1) and non‐planar (saddle) dolomite cements (Cd2); they post‐date replacement dolomites and predate late‐stage calcite cements that line mouldic vugs and fractures. The replacement dolomites have δ¹⁸O values from ?13·7 to ?9·7‰ VPDB, δ¹³C values from ?2·7 to + 1·5‰ VPDB and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0·7082 to 0·7114. Fluid inclusion data of Rd3 dolomites yield homogenization temperatures (T_h) of 136–149 °C and salinities of 7·2–11·2 wt% NaCl equivalent. These data suggest that the replacive dolomitization could have occurred from slightly modified sea water and/or saline basinal fluids at relatively high temperatures, probably related to hydrothermal activities during the latest Givetian–middle Fammenian and Early Carboniferous times. Compared with replacement dolomites, Cd2 cements yield lower δ¹⁸O values (?14·2 to ?9·3‰ VPDB), lower δ¹³C values (?3·0 to ?0·7‰ VPDB), higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (≈ 0·7100) and higher T_h values (171–209 °C), which correspond to trapping temperatures (T_r) between 260 and 300 °C after pressure corrections. These data suggest that the dolomite cements precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal fluids, derived from underlying siliciclastic deposits, and were associated with more intense hydrothermal events during Permian–Early Triassic time, when the host dolostones were deeply buried. The petrographic similarities between some replacement dolomites and Cd2 dolomite cements and the partial overlap in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ¹⁸O values suggest neomorphism of early formed replacement dolomites that were exposed to later dolomitizing fluids. However, the dolomitization was finally stopped through invasion of meteoric water as a result of basin uplift induced by the Indosinian Orogeny from the early Middle Triassic, as indicated by the decrease in salinities in the dolomite cements in veins (5·1–0·4 wt% NaCl equivalent). Calcite cements generally yield the lowest δ¹⁸O values (?18·5 to ?14·3‰ VPDB), variable δ¹³C values (?11·3 to ?1·2‰ VPDB) and high T_h values (145–170 °C) and low salinities (0–0·2 wt% NaCl equivalent), indicating an origin of high‐temperature, dilute fluids recharged by meteoric water in the course of basin uplift during the Indosinian Orogeny. Faults were probably important conduits that channelled dolomitizing fluids from the deeply buried siliciclastic sediments into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization (i.e. Rd3, Cd1 and Cd2).     

Evolution of palaeofluids at the Variscan thrust front in eastern Belgium

The geochemical evolution of the fluids migra- ting at the Variscan thrust front in eastern Belgium has been investigated by a petrographic, mineralogical and geoche-mical study of ankerite, quartz and ferroan calcite veins hosted by lower Devonian rocks. Three vein generations have been recognized. The first generation consists of quartz, chlorite and ankerite filling pre- to early Variscan extensional fractures. The second generation is present as shear veins of Variscan age, and contains quartz, chlorite and ferroan calcite. The third generation consists of ankerite filling post-Variscan fractures. The oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of the two ankerite phases and of the ferroan calcites are respectively between –16.4 and –11.4‰ PDB between –17.8 and –1.7‰ PDB. This range is greater than that of calcite nodules in the lower Devonian siliciclastic sediments (δ¹⁸O= –15.6 to –11.1‰ PDB and δ¹³C= –13.4 to –10.2‰ PDB). This suggests precipitation of the carbonate veins from a fluid which was at most only partly isotopically buffered by the calcite nodules in the host rock. The calculated oxygen isotopic composition of the ambient fluid from which the calcite veins formed is between +7.8 and +10.0‰ SMOW. Two main fluid types have been recognized in fluid inclusions in the quartz and carbonates. The first fluid type is present as secondary fluid inclusions in the first and second vein generations. The fluid has a salinity of 0.5–7.2 eq. wt.% NaCl and a high, but variable, homogenization temperature (Th=124–188°C). Two origins can be proposed for this fluid. It could have been expelled from the lower Devonian or could have been derived from the metamorphic zone to the south of the area studied. Taking into account the microthermometric and stable-isotope data, and the regional geological setting, the fluid most likely originated from metamorphic rocks and interacted with the lower Devonian along its migration path. This is in agreement with numerical simulations of the palaeofluid and especially the palaeotempera-ture field, which is based on chlorite geothermometry and vitrinite reflectance data. The second fluid type occurs as secondary inclusions in the shear veins and as fluid inclusions of unknown origin in post-Variscan ankerite veins. Therefore, it has a post-Variscan age. The inclusions are characterized by a high salinity (18.6–22.9 eq. wt.% CaCl₂). The composition of the fluid is similar to that which caused the development of Mississippi Valley-type Pb–Zn deposits in Belgium.     

扬子陆块北缘马元铅锌矿床成矿物质来源探讨: 来自C、O、H、S、Pb、Sr同位素地球化学的证据

呈层状、似层状产于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中的马元铅锌矿床是近年来在扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。文章通过碳、氧、氢、硫、铅和锶同位素地球化学特征研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿金属来源。研究结果表明:矿石中热液脉石矿物的δ13CPDB为-4.24‰~0.93‰,δ18OSMOW为15.92‰~23.24‰,表明成矿流体中的CO2为震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解成因。矿石中硫化物的δ34S变化于12.94‰~19.4‰之间;硫酸盐矿物的δ34S为32.2‰~33.48‰,表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原。矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成均一,206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为17.62~18.02、15.49~15.63和37.57~38.35,成矿金属可能主要来源于震旦系—志留系。脉石矿物石英流体包裹体的δDFI为-92‰和-113‰,如果取成矿温度200℃,根据δ18O石英值计算的相应流体包裹体的δ18O水为6.03‰~12.73‰,推测成矿流体可能起源于大气降水为主的盆地卤水,或为其他来源的流体与有机质反应形成。成矿流体87Sr/86Sr为0.70967~0.71146,高于赋矿围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩锶同位素比值(0.70890~0.70945),表明成矿流体流经了古生代地层(及基底),并与其中具有高锶同位素比值的碎屑岩、页岩和泥岩等进行了水岩反应及同位素交换。     

四川天宝山矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr年代学、稳定同位素及地质意义

四川天宝山铅锌矿床是赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中的大型铅锌矿床,一直以来缺乏精确的成矿年龄数据,致使其成矿构造环境存在争议.获取了闪锌矿Rb-Sr年龄,联合H-O、C-O同位素数据,以确定其成矿年代、成矿物质来源及成矿构造环境.闪锌矿Rb-Sr年龄为348.5±7.2 Ma(MSWD=1.10),表明矿床形成于早石炭世.热液矿物δD_H2O、δ18O值分别为-19.3‰~-58.1‰、-1.4‰~0.6‰,沿海水与地层有机质反应线分布,并有向雨水线漂移的趋势,说明成矿流体中水是海水与地层有机质反应并加入雨水的混合体.热液方解石δ13C、δ18O值明显分为两群,分别为-1.7‰~-1.6‰、12.9‰~15.2‰和-6.5‰~-4.9‰、19.3‰~20.2‰,暗示成矿流体中C、O可能来源于赋矿围岩溶解作用和有机质脱羧基作用.闪锌矿(87Sr/86Sr)_i值为0.710 42 ±0.000 13,高于赋矿围岩Sr同位素值而明显低于基底Sr同位素值,指示成矿物质主要来源于赋矿围岩与基底.结果表明川滇黔地区存在两期铅锌成矿作用,分别形成于晚泥盆世-早石炭世与古特提斯洋张开有关的伸展构造环境和晚三叠世-早侏罗世与古特提斯洋闭合有关的收缩构造环境.      

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学

利用连续流动质谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对黔西北天桥铅锌矿床原生矿石中脉石矿物热液方解石C、O同位素组成和稀土元素含量进行了分析,结果表明热液方解石C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同标高方解石C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB和δ18OSMOW分别为-3.4‰～-5.3‰和14.7‰～19.5‰,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上介于原始碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间。热液方解石总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=6.80×10-6～49.1×10-6),表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的"M"型,其Eu/Eu*变化范围为0.30～0.55,与硫化物具有相似的稀土配分模式。根据热液方解石与蚀变围岩、远矿围岩及不同时代地层碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成和REE含量特征对比结果,结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床成矿流体具"多来源混合"特征,其中围岩碳酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的C和REE来源,地层中膏岩海相硫酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的S来源,而成矿流体中的水则主要为变质基底昆阳群等提供的变质水,并受到大气降水的影响。     

黔西南紫木凼金矿床成矿物质来源:S⁃C⁃O⁃Pb⁃Sr同位素制约

紫木凼金矿床是黔西南卡林型金矿区一个重要的大型金矿床,其成矿物质来源尚不明确.对紫木凼金矿床不同类型矿石和赋矿围岩进行了S、C、O、Pb和Sr同位素组成对比研究.矿石中硫化物的δ34S值为-13.49‰~17.91‰（主要为-0.99‰~3.58‰）,赋矿围岩的δ34S值为-26.23‰~-19.63‰,矿床成矿期硫主要来源于岩浆,部分来源于赋矿地层中成矿前黄铁矿.热液期方解石的δ13C和δ18O分别为-9.10‰~0.59‰和15.65‰~23.82‰,与赋矿围岩、区域地层的碳、氧同位素组成差别较大,成矿流体的碳、氧部分来源于碳酸盐岩溶解,部分可能来源于岩浆.矿石中硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.064~18.973、15.585~15.670和38.219~39.054,赋矿围岩的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.136~18.650、15.574~15.656和38.423~38.812,矿石铅的来源较复杂,赋矿地层和岩浆可能都为其提供了部分铅.矿石中石英和方解石（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值为0.707 26~0.708 11,赋矿围岩的（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值为0.707 28~0.707 31,成矿流体中的锶主要来源于赋矿地层.紫木凼金矿床成矿物质具壳幔混合来源特征,成矿物质主要来自矿床深部隐伏岩浆岩,部分来自二叠系-三叠系赋矿地层.      

Strontium and Lead Isotopic Study of the Carbonate‐hosted Xujiashan Antimony Deposit from Hubei Province,South China: Implications for its Origin

The Xujiashan antimony deposit is hosted by marine carbonates of the Upper Sinian Doushantuo and Dengying Formations in Hubei Province, South China. Our Sr isotopic data from pre‐ and syn‐mineralization calcites that host the mineralization show that the pre‐mineralization calcite displays a narrow range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7096 to 0.7097), similar to the ratios of the Sinian seawater, and high Sr concentrations (2645 to 8174 ppm). In contrast, the syn‐mineralization calcite exhibits low Sr concentrations (785 to 2563 ppm) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7109 to 0.7154), which is interpreted as the result of addition of radiogenic strontium during the antimony mineralization. The study of Sr isotopes suggests that their Sr component to the pre‐mineralization calcite derived directly from the host rocks (i.e. the Sinian marine carbonates), while radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr for the syn‐mineralization calcite derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement through hydrothermal fluid circulation along the major fault that hosts the mineralization. The Pb isotopic ratios of stibnite are subdivided into two groups (Group A and Group B), Group A is characterized by higher radiogenic lead, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.874 to 19.288, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.708 to 15.805, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.642 to 39.001. Group B shows lower lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.882 to 18.171, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.555 to 15.686, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.950 to 38.340). The single‐stage model ages of Group A are mainly negative or slightly positive values (‐258 to 3 Ma), while those of Group B range from 636 to 392 Ma, with an average of 495 ± 65 Ma. In addition, there are positive linear correlations among Pb isotopic ratios. These results suggest that the lead of Group A stibnite was mainly derived from the Sinian marine carbonates, and that of Group B stibnite from the underlying Lengjiaxi Group basement. This conclusion is consistent with the results of the Sr isotopes. These results indicate that the Xujiashan deposit is not syngenetic sedimentary and in situ reworked origin as previously considered. The metal (mainly Sb) of this deposit was not only derived from the Sinian host rocks, but also partly derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement.     

靖边潜台南部奥陶系马家沟组古岩溶储层地球化学特征

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组由于受加里东运动影响而隆起抬升遭受风化,其顶部形成了良好的岩溶油气储层。本文通过对可溶岩的溶蚀孔充填物、角砾间的胶结物和碳酸盐原岩进行δ13C、δ18O的分析,结果表明:（1）研究区的各类岩石的δ18O比奥陶纪海水的要偏负,而岩溶作用微弱的原岩其δ13C则与奥陶纪海水的相当;（2）随岩溶作用的加强,岩石中的δ13C、δ18O降低,且δ18O对岩溶作用反应更灵敏;（3）岩石溶孔中的充填物与原岩的δ13C和δ18O含量相当,表明其与原岩形成于同一流体源,应属同期沉积的岩溶产物,即形成于沉积物形成之后不久,成岩环境属于近地表环境。另外,通过对研究区各种岩石Sr含量的研究,以及Sr/Ca、Sr/Ba和B元素对成岩流体盐度的反应分析,结果显示研究区曾经有大量的淡水注入,低Sr含量和高Fe2+/Fe3+值则说明了沉积物曾经历过深部岩溶作用。      

Controls on the mechanisms of fluid infiltration and front advection during regional metamorphism: a stable isotope and textural study of retrograde Dalradian rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands

Vein-controlled retrograde infiltration of H₂O-CO₂ fluids into Dalradian epidote amphibolite facies rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands under greenschist facies conditions resulted in alteration of calcite-rich marble bands to dolomite and spatially associated ¹⁸O enrichment of about 10%. on a scale of metres. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the retrograde fluid was an H₂O-salt mixture with a low CO₂ content, and that the temperature of the fluid was about 400d? C. Detailed petrographic and textural (backscattered electron imaging) studies at one garnet-grade locality show that advection of fluid into marbles proceeded by a calcite-calcite grain edge flow mechanism, while alteration of non-carbonate wall-rock is associated with veinlets and microcracks. Stable isotopic analysis of carbonates from marble bands provides evidence for advection of isotopic fronts through carbonate wall-rocks perpendicular to dolomite veins, and fluid fluxes in the range 2.4–28.6 m³/m² have been computed from measured advection distances. Coincidence of isotope and reaction fronts is considered to result from reaction-enhanced kinetics of isotope exchange at the reaction front. Front advection distances are related to the proportion of calcite to quartz in each marble band, with the largest advection distance occurring in nearly pure calcite matrix. This relationship indicates that fluid flow in carbonates is only possible along fluid-calcite-calcite grain edges. However, experimental constraints on dihedral angles in calcite-fluid systems require that pervasive infiltration occurred in response to calcite dissolution initiated at calcite-calcite grain junctions rather than to an open calcite pore geometry. The regional extent of the retrograde infiltration event has been documented from the high δ¹⁸O of dolomite-ankerite carbonates from veins and host-rocks over an area of least 50 × 50 km in the SW Scottish Highlands. Isotopically exotic ¹⁸O-rich retrograde fluids have moved rapidly upwards through the crust, inducing isotopic exchange and mineral reaction in wall-rocks only where lithology, pore geometry or mineral solubilities, pressure and temperature have been appropriate for pervasive infiltration to occur.