The August 27, 2008, M w = 6.3 Kultuk earthquake (South Baikal): The stress-strain state of the source area from the aftershock data

We consider the results of reconstructing the stress-strain state of the Earth’s crust in South Baikal from the focal mechanism data for the Kultuk earthquake of August 27, 2008 (M _w = 6.3) and its aftershocks. The source parameters of the main shock were determined by calculating the seismic moment tensor. The focal mechanism solutions of 32 aftershocks (M _w ≥ 2.3) were obtained through the deployment of a local seismic network at South Baikal. It is found that the main shock and first aftershocks (August–September) gave rise to the activation of latitudinal fragments of the segmented near-edge fault, and the sources of the consequent aftershocks were dominated by the NW-striking planes related to the small intrabasin structures. The calculations of seismotectonic deformations based on the data on the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes show that the area of activation is dominated by the transtension regime (with deformation in the form of extension with shear). The epicentral and hypocentral fields of the aftershocks and the mechanisms of their sources reflect the complex tectonic structure of the source zone of the Kultuk earthquake, which exhibits a clear subvertical zonality of the local seismically active volume and a wedge-shaped area of crustal destruction.     

新西兰2010年M7.1地震与2011年M6.3地震活动和灾害分析

本文对新西兰.2010年9月4日M7.1地震(国际标准时间)与2011年2月22日(国际标准时间)M6.3地震活动和灾害情况进行了分析,用同震位移方法计算了两次地震的地震烈度,结果表明尽管两次地震震级相差较大,但由于M6.3地震震源深度较浅,两次地震在地表的烈度相同.本文用主余震序列方法计算了两次地震的断层滑动参数,结...     

A deep-focus earthquake with M w = 8.3 felt at a distance of 6500 km

A deep-focus (H = 609 km) earthquake with M _w = 8.3 occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk on May 24, 2013. This earthquake was felt in Moscow at a distance of about 6500 km from the epicenter but barely felt on the western coast of Kamchatka, which is located within 200 km of the source. In this paper, an attempt is made to discover the probable causes of this phenomenon in the instrumental records of the earthquake. It is most probable that the anomalously high amplitudes in the group of SSS phases, which are observed in the vertical component, appear as the result of their superimposition on the surface waves. Different mechanisms can be suggested to interpret the formation of the observed wave pattern.     

The August 27, 2008, <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript> = 6.3, Kultuk earthquake effects in the Nearepicenter zone: Macroseismic survey results

In this work, the macroseismic effects of the Kultuk earthquake (M _W = 6.3), which took place on August 27, 2008 in the southwestern closure of the Baikal Lake, are under consideration. The intensity of shocks in inhabited localities located in the epicentral zone reached 7–8 points on the MSK-64 scale. The earthquake was named after the local settlement of Kultuk, which was the mostly damaged area by the earthquake. The considered seismic event caused significant material damage (about 250 million rubles according to preliminary estimates). In inhabited localities of Southern Pribaikalie thousands of cases of damaged ovens and chimneys were registered. Some buildings were highly damaged and, accordingly, they are unfit for further use. The earthquake was the cause of numerous rockslides, rockfalls, and landslides on steep natural and artificial slopes. A macroseismic survey allowed us to establish the asymmetrical distribution of the intensity of shocks relative to the epicenter.     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

The geography information system of the 1303 Hongton M=8 earthquake has been established. Using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of damage and isoseismal of the earthquake are studies. By comparing with the standard earthquake intensity attenuation relationship, the abnormal damage distribution of the earthquake is found, so the relationship of the abnormal distribution with tectonics, site condition and basin are analyzed. In this paper, the influence on the ground motion generated by earthquake source and the underground structures near source also are studied. The influence on seismic zonation, anti-earthquake design, earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency responding produced by the abnormal density distribution are discussed. Foundation item: National important fundamental research “The Basic Research of Important Project in Damage Environment” and The important project “The Seismic Hazard Assessment Research and Anti-earthquake Structure Research” from China Earthquake Administration during the 10th Five-year Plan. Contribution No. 04FE1008, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

Introduction The 1303 Hongtong earthquake is an important earthquake in the eastern China. There is a lot of information in historical documents about the earthquake and many traces destroyed by the earthquake in the southern Shanxi Province. Many scholars have studied the earthquake from dif-ferent aspects, but mainly limited the definitions of the isoseismal and three factors of the earth-quake. Owing to being limited by the analysis technique, many useful damage information of the earthqu…     

2008年青海大柴旦Mw6.3地震地面运动模拟

2008年11月10日在青海柴达木盆地北缘发生了大柴旦M_W6.3地震,为了研究该地震的区域地震波传播与地面运动特征,本文利用地质资料和地壳速度结构研究成果,构建了柴达木盆地及周边区域三维传播介质模型,采用有限差分方法模拟了大柴旦地震波场传播过程以及地面运动分布特征.结果表明,柴达木盆地对波场传播有明显影响,表现为地震波传入盆地后在边界产生次生面波,盆地沉积物对地震波具有围陷作用,地震地面运动在盆地内振幅增大、持时延长.模拟结果给出的地震地面运动峰值速度分布以及理论地震图均和观测结果符合较好,反映数值模拟较好地给出了观测地面运动的主要特征以及传播介质模型的合理性.     

2008年青海大柴旦6.3级地震及发震背景研究

2008年11月10日青海省大柴旦地区发生6.3级地震,打破了青海省境内55个月的6级地震平静,该次地震可能是对2008年5月12 日汶川8.0级地震在青藏块体内部应力调整的响应.通过该次地震及其发震断裂周缘地震震源机制解的分析认为,本次地震发震断裂活动性主要以逆冲为主并兼有走滑特性.对本次地震的发震断裂大柴旦-宗务隆山断裂带开挖探槽,探槽剖面揭露该断裂带在晚更新世-全新世早期有过明显活动;断裂带周缘历史地震的分布特征表明断裂带新的活动明显向南迁移;这与野外调查结果断层活动不断向山前迁移相一致.根据对青藏块体内部地震活动性分析认为,青藏高原内部中强震活动有顺时针螺旋迁移的特征,这一活动特征与GPS观测的青藏块体内部应力顺时针调整相一致,这一特征可能代表了青藏块体内部地震活动的一种新规律.基于对这种规律的认识和祁连地震带的大震构造孕育条件,祁连地震带东南部地区应倍受关注.     

Amplitude and frequency characteristics of the 2001 Southern Peru, M w = 8.4 earthquake records

The Departments of Civil Engineering and Geophysics of the University of Chile, together with international institutions, deployed strong-motion stations in the northern Chile seismic gap. These instruments recorded the June 23, 2001 M _w = 8.4 earthquake that occurred in Southern Peru. This earthquake exhibited at stiff deep soil sites in northern Chile, relatively large maximum accelerations although the recording stations are located more than 400 km away from the epicentral region and 200 km from the southern edge of the rupture. Typical accelerations at these distances are in the order of 0.30 g, consIDerably larger than those expected from recently presented attenuation formulae. Frequency and Wavelet Decomposition of the signals are presented from which the evolution of the amplitude, as a function of selected frequency bands, is analyzed. Typical Central Frequency varies from 3 to 4.8 Hz for horizontal records and 4.5 to 9.5 Hz for vertical records. Ninety five percent of the record energy is concentrated below 11 Hz. Evolution of energy for bands higher than the average record frequency is relatively smooth, and for low frequency, the energy shows abrupt changes as a function of time. The sudden changes are associated to dominant large amplitude motions observed in most of the records. The high frequency content of the motion observed for this earthquake is correlated with the heterogeneities of the interplate contact. To statically characterize the energy evolution with time a smooth three-parameter envelope adjusted for each frequency band is used, therefore, comparison is possible and results could be applied for synthesis studies.     

Coseismic Slip from the 6 October 2008, M w6.3 Damxung Earthquake, Tibetan Plateau, Constrained by InSAR Observations

Coseismic deformation fields of the 6 October 2008 M _w6.3 Damxung earthquake were obtained from interferometric synthetic aperture radar by using three descending and two ascending Envisat images. Significant coseismic surface deformation occurred within 20?km?×?20?km of the epicenter with a maximum displacement of ~0.3?m along the satellite line of sight. We model a linear elastic dislocation in a homogeneous half space and use a nonlinear constraint optimized algorithm to estimate the fault location, geometry and slip distribution. The results indicate a moment magnitude M _w6.3, and the earthquake is dominated by oblique normal and right-lateral slip with a maximum slip of 2.86?m at depth of 8?km. The rupture plane is about 15?km?×?14?km with strike S190°W and dip 55° to NW, located at a secondary fault of the Southeastern Piedmont of the Nyainqentanglha Mountains. Slip on normal faults in the Tibetan Plateau contributes to the rift evolution.     

On the seismic regime of the Japan region before the Tohoku mega-earthquake (M w = 9)

The seismic regime taking place before the Tohoku mega-earthquake was studied using the catalog of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). We show that the Tohoku earthquake was preceded by a 6–7-year period of regional reduction in the b-value and in the rate of main shocks. The space-time regions that involved precursory activation were nearly identical with the predictive phenomena that were previously detected by A.A. Lyubushin from an analysis of seismic noise based on data from the Japanese F-net. We discovered a previously unknown effect of correlation between the number of main shocks and the b-value. Both the ordinary foreshock activation and the longer weaker tendency, which consist in a precursory increase in the seismicity rate, were identified in the vicinities of M ≈ 7 Japanese earthquakes (similarly to the seismicity in the Generalized Vicinities of large earthquakes based on worldwide data).     

包头西6.4 级地震前显著中等地震活动增强和丛集异常

1996 年包头西6.4 级地震前, 在震中西部临河盆地出现了显著的中等地震活动增强和丛集异常, 而且中等地震活动在时间上也表现出了集中的特征。其中5 次中等地震强烈有感, 引起了地震学者高度的重视, 这是一次显著的地震活动中期异常。但是, 主震是在距离异常区200 km 以外的地方发生, 造成了震前地点预测误差较大的问题。文中详细描述了这次中等地震活动异常的情况, 并且通过震区地震地质构造条件分析, 探讨了主震发生在距离异常区较远的原因, 这对今后地震预测有一定的指导意义。     

宜宾北4.7级地震活动背景、特征及其与鲁甸5.6级强震呼应成因分析

通过对宜宾北4．7级地震震中及附近地区地震地质、地震活动背景、区域地震活动性、水位资料的分析，表明宜宾北4．7级地震震前经历了区域地震活跃至平静、再发震的过程，其部分地震学参数存在异常，川12井水位也出现较大异常，并对宜宾北所处的华蓥山断裂带上的中强震与川滇交界附近地区南北地震带上的强震存在较高的对应关系成因进行了分析，认为华蓥山断裂带上中强地震活动对川滇交界地区南北地震带上强震的发生存在中短期预报意义。     

Application of the ESI-2007 Scale for Estimating the Intensity of the Kultuk Earthquake,August 27, 2008 (South Baikal)

The paper deals with issues related to the testing of the ESI-2007 scale by using as an example the real seismic event that occurred on August 27, 2008 in South Baikal. The main objective of the paper is to carry out a comparative assessment of the earthquake’s intensity based on traditional macroseismic scales and environmental seismic intensity (ESI-2007) scales. The results of the macroseismic survey served as the initial data. Analysis has been made on the ESI-2007 scale in conformity with the requirements for seismic scales. Particular emphasis has been placed on the type (or rank) of the ESI-2007 scale. Such an investigation is one of the first cases of the application of a new scale by the example of a regional seismic event.     

Estimation of the seismic assessment of residential and public buildings based on the data on the earthquake of August 27, 2008 in South Baikal

The intensity of the earthquake of August 27, 2008 registered 7–8 points on the MSK-64 scale at its epicenter. It was the strongest earthquake in the Pribaikalie in the last 50 years. The main causes of damage in buildings were the considerable depreciation of their construction and the low quality of the construction. The most typical macroseismic characteristics were the failures of brick chimneys and of ovens in one- and two-story wooden buildings.     

辽宁海城M4.3地震强震记录分析

2008年辽宁海城M 4.3地震,辽宁省强震动台网12个强震台站记录到地面运动,是辽宁省自开展强震动观测以来同时获取强震记录最多的一次,记录的最大加速度为167.5 cm·s-2,初步展现了辽宁省强震动台网建设的成效.     

灯塔5.1级及通辽5.3级地震前兆异常特征

利用铁岭地震台数字水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪观测数据,对2013年1月23日灯塔5.1级地震和2013年4月22日通辽5.3级地震进行分析,发现两次地震前铁岭地震台前兆数据出现高频抖动、日变形态畸变,异常特征明显。     

2008年10月当雄MW6.3级地震断层参数的InSAR反演及其构造意义

2008年10月6日在西藏当雄发生了M_W6.3地震.我们从一对降轨ENVISAT ASAR资料获得了这次地震的同震位移场,通过同震位移场的反演确定了发震断层参数.并且应用一维变异理论评估了InSAR结果中的误差协方差矩阵,直接用于评价断层反演参数的不确定性水平.结果表明,此次地震发生于羊易盆地东缘的次级断层,走向178°,倾角58°,倾向近正西,以正断层运动为主,兼具少量右旋走滑分量,且资料的误差水平对反演结果的影响不大.这次地震引起震中位置地表下沉至少30 cm,似乎是亚东-谷露裂谷带北段的羊易地堑下沉的表现.     

汶川大地震前非台风扰动现象的研究

为了区分汶川大地震的震前扰动现象中的台风因素和非台风因素,本文研究了中国大陆宽带地震仪在汶川大地震前记录到的异常扰动信号的时频特征.研究结果表明汶川大地震的震前扰动主要由两种扰动构成,二者动态特征完全不同.其中优势频率为0.2～0.25 Hz的扰动主要与台风Rammasun有关.这种台风扰动在沿海地区较强,在内陆地区较弱,其震动源在靠近台风运动路径的海底.另一种优势频率为0.1～0.18 Hz的扰动与台风无关,这种非台风扰动在地震发生前约10 h突然急剧增强,其最大值出现在地震爆发时刻.非台风扰动在靠近震中的地区较强,在沿海和西部地区较弱.震源扰动扫描算法计算初步定位的结果显示其震动源不在海底,而是分散在震中附近的内陆地区.汶川大地震前的非台风扰动是否与汶川大地震有关,值得进行更深入的研究.     

汶川地震区地壳速度相对变化的环境噪声自相关研究

2006年中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室在川西地区(100°E～105°E, 26°N～32°N)布设了由297个宽频带地震台组成的密集流动地震观测台阵.本文利用川西流动地震台阵29°N以北地区的137个台站2007年1月至2008年10月的连续三分量地震环境噪声记录,研究了汶川地震震前震后地壳速度变化特征.借助川西台阵的密度优势,我们针对单台三分量噪声自相关函数和单台不同分量间的互相关函数,利用互谱移动窗技术,在0.33～1 Hz频带范围内测量了经过50天滑动平均的相关函数与长时间平均参考相关函数的走时变化率,进而求得地壳浅部速度随时间的相对变化,并得到其空间分布特征.本文结果表明,利用环境噪声自相关方法可以得到与互相关方法基本一致的同震速度变化分布图像,同震速度变化分布与同震体应变具有明显相关性.具有更高空间分辨率的噪声自相关研究进一步发现,在鲜水河断裂和龙门山断裂交汇区存在同震速度增加区,这个区域与同震库伦应力变化和地表形变观测预测的周边断层库伦应力增加区一致.我们的研究发现,同震库伦应力增加效应的持续时间大约为2个月左右,在此之后,区域应力场逐渐恢复为普遍的应力下降.