Joint analysis of seismological data by the USSO and DSS stations in the Caucasus region

This paper deals with a procedure of a joint analysis of seismic data from earthquakes and those obtained by DSS. The DSS data are used as a first approximation to construct a two-dimensional model of the medium made up of individual blocks. These models serve as a basis when constructing specific three-dimensional travel-time curves. These travel-time curves are further used for the calculation of hypocenter parameters in a laterally inhomogeneous block medium.The hypocenter field and the travel times obtained are input data for the computation of three-dimensional fields of velocities in earthquake focal zones. Results of applying the proposed procedure to the Caucasus region are presented.     

Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Mediterranean area derived from surface-wave data

A summary of results based mainly on the inversion of available surface-wave dispersion data is given for the Mediterranean area both for crustal and upper mantle structure. The results are presented on maps outlining the regionalization of the crust and the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in the area. It is possible to distinguish several types of crust with average S-wave velocities in the range 2.8–3.8 km s⁻¹ and thickness varying from a minimum of about 10–16 km, in the Western Mediterranean, to a maximum of about 50 km (including a possible transitional layer) beneath the Ionian Sea. The average properties of the crust and of the lithospheric part of the mantle indicate a possible continuous structure extending from North Africa through the Ionian Sea to the Adriatic Sea, characterized by the presence of a transitional layer at the crust-mantle boundary. Strong lateral variations are present in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system both in thickness, from 30 km in the Western Mediterranean, to about 130 km, under the Alps, and in S-wave velocity, from 4.1–4.2 km s⁻¹ up to 4.7 km s⁻¹. The relatively high position of low resistivity material that seems to characterize the Mediterranean area agrees fairly well with the shallower average top of the asthenosphere found in this area from the study of the elastic properties. The usefulness of combining seismological and electromagnetic studies is stressed.     

Crustal structure of the Mizuho Plateau, East Antarctica from geophysical data

Various kinds of geophysical surveys have been carried out in the Mizuho Plateau, East Antarctica by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JARE). The correlation between the high-level gravity anomaly and the bedrock elevation is examined along a route where both data are sufficient to permit deriving a crustal model from gravity, radio-echo sounding and explosion seismic data. The bedrock elevation usually correlates well with the high-level gravity anomaly. However, along the traverse route S-H-Z from the Syowa to Mizuho stations, the bedrock elevation has a weak negative correlation with the high-level gravity anomaly. Such a weak negative correlation is attributed to the deeper part of the crust.The crustal structure between the Syowa and Mizuho stations is modeled from the gravimetric data and the radio-echo sounding of bedrock elevations, so as to fit the P-wave velocity structure derived from the data of explosion seismic experiments. Then the structure is extended from Syowa Station seaward across Lützow-Holm Bay and from Mizuho Station southeastwards inland, where only gravimetric data are available. Thus, a crustal section about 600 km long is obtained on a margin of East Antarctica. The depth of the Moho increases by about 7 km from Syowa Station to the point Y200 (71° 46′S, 48° 56′E), about 500 km from the coast. A graben-like structure is obtained along the line across Lützow-Holm Bay. This suggests that both sides of the bay are bounded by faults.     

Crustal structure beneath Beijing and its surrounding regions derived from gravity data

In this paper we use gravity data to study fine crustal structure and seismogenic environment beneath Beijing and its surrounding regions.Multi-scale wavelet analysis method is applied to separating gravity fields.Logarithmic power spectrum method is also used to calculate depth of gravity field source.The results show that the crustal structure is very complicated beneath Beijing and its surrounding areas.The crustal density exhibits laterally inhomogeneous.There are three large scale tectonic zones in ...     

Crustal structure beneath the eastern part of the Coast Ranges (Diablo Range) of central California from explosion seismic and near earthquake data

Seismic refraction and near earthquake data of the U.S. Geological Survey for central California have been compiled into record sections along profiles and interpreted in terms of crustal structure. The profiles are located northeast of the San Andreas fault of central California and run parallel to the general structures. For the explosion seismic line through the centre of the Diablo Range, an uppermost layer (Franciscan formation) with P velocities of 3.6–5.0 km s^?1 decreases in thickness towards the northwest. The lower boundaries of layers with constant velocities of 5.75 and 6.8 km s^?1 are found at almost constant depths of 12 and 21 km, respectively. Between 21 and 26 km depth a well-defined low-velocity zone appears whose velocity is estimated as ～ 5.3 km s^?1 with the aid of a hedgehog inversion and the calculation of amplitudes. This zone is underlain by a layer 3–5 km thick with a velocity of 7.6 km s^?1. The upper-mantle velocity beneath the Moho at 29–30 km depth is 8.2 km s^?1. The near earthquake profiles, located ～ 20 km southwest and parallel to the explosion seismic line, follow more or less the Hayward and Calaveras fault systems. The velocity-depth distribution derived for the earthquake data is very similar to that found beneath the Diablo Range. However, the low-velocity zone at 21–26 km depth does not seem to exist everywhere along the line. The Moho is not disturbed beneath the Calaveras, Hayward and Silver Creek faults; it rises slightly from the Diablo Range towards the southwest.     

Reprocessing and reinterpretation of COCORP southern Appalachian profiles

Reprocessing of COCORP southern Appalachian data was focused on basic seismic evidence for continuation of sediments beneath a master decollement. The most important evidence is a nearly continuous series of subhorizontal reflections extending from the Valley and Ridge province into the Piedmont province. Continuity of subhorizontal reflections becomes tenuous in the Inner Piedmont. Careful reprocessing has yielded evidence for termination of strong reflections beneath the allochthon and the beginning of a relatively weak and complex series of “events”. Termination of sedimentary rocks beneath the Piedmont is interpreted from true amplitude seismic data. A zone of detachment continues southeast of the sediment termination as far as the master decollement root zone. Research on stacking velocities has indicated that complex velocity structures could create apparent low stacking velocities. This phenomenon may occur in the Charlotte belt of Georgia. Bouguer gravity can be modeled as a former craton of normal density with an accreted margin of very slightly higher density. Variation in crustal thickness also contributes to the Bouguer gravity gradient. No continuous large-scale overthrust is needed southeast of the interpreted master decollement root zone located beneath the Kings Mountain belt and Charlotte belt.     

地球物理剖面揭示大兴安岭域壳幔结构及其地质意义

大兴安岭域,包括大兴安岭及其两侧盆地,穿过额尔古纳地块、兴安地块、松嫩地块和辽源地体.本文在东北地区已有的近东西向的全球地学断面（GGT）资料基础上,在大兴安岭两侧补充了2条近南北向的地球物理剖面,组构了综合地球物理栅状图;又结合区域内其他7条经综合解译的地球物理剖面,分析讨论了研究区壳幔结构特征及其地质意义.论文得到如下初步结果：（1）研究区莫霍界面以大兴安岭重力梯级带为分界,西部和东部深度有明显差异;以索伦山-西拉木伦河缝合带为界的南北岩石圈-软流圈界面（LAB）深度、软流圈有明显差异.呈现出地壳东西分带、岩石圈地幔南北分块的特征.（2）额尔古纳-兴安微板块具有较稳定的岩石圈地幔组构,与南部的中朝板块的岩石圈地幔具有较大差别;额尔古纳地块与西伯利亚板块的岩石圈特征更为接近.（3）获得古缝合带位置线索.林西以南的翁牛特下方存在明显的LAB南北向抬升,这是古亚洲洋闭合在岩石圈尺度上留下的遗迹;索伦山缝合带东延至西拉木伦河,是古亚洲洋闭合的场所.（4）大兴安岭域跨过两条板块缝合带,该区域北部与中部岩石圈组构特征相近,但它们的岩石圈地幔基底并不相同,这是在塔源-喜桂图缝合带于早古生代的拼合之后由数亿年的长期壳幔物质横向均衡作用所致.

     

The structure of the Baltic Shield region on the basis of DSS and earthquake data

The lithospheric models obtained for the Baltic Shield by using deep seismic soundings are discussed and results from different parts of the shield are compared with models achieved by the investigation of surface waves and of P to S converted waves. The results are found to agree rather well with each other particularly with regard to the first interface (at a depth of 10–15 km) and the whole thickness of the crust (c. 40 km). The macroseismic focal depth determinations of regional earthquakes are correlated with lithospheric structure. The main maximum in the focal depth distributions of Finnish earthquakes occur at a depth of 10–12 km. The geographical distribution of the earthquake epicentres suggests several seismo-active zones in the northern Baltic Shield. One new finding in this field concerns the Lapland zone, which runs in a north-westerly direction.     

Crustal structure beneath Tien Shan orogenic belt and its adjacent regions from multi-scale seismic data

As one of the world's most active intracontinental mountain belts, Tien Shan has posed questions for researchers regarding the formation of different tectonic units and active shallow seismicity. Here, we used a huge data set comprising of 7094 earthquakes from local, regional and teleseismic seismic stations. We used waveform modeling and multi-scale double-difference earthquake relocation technique to better constrain the source parameters of the earthquakes. The new set of events provided us with better initial earthquake locations for further tomographic investigation. We found that reverse-faulting earthquakes dominate the whole study area while the fault plane solutions for earthquakes beneath the northwestern Tarim Basin and the Main Pamir Thrust are diverse. There is a low-velocity anomaly beneath Bashkaingdy at depth of 80 km, and high-velocity anomalies beneath central Tien Shan at shallower depths. These observations are the keys to understand the mechanism of Tien Shan's formation because of Tarim Basin northward and Kazakh Shield's southward subduction in the south and north respectively. Velocities beneath western Tien Shan are relatively high. We thus infer that the Western Tien Shan is relatively less deformed than the eastern Tien Shan primarily due to a relatively brittle mantle.     

Crustal velocity structure in the southern edge of the Central Alborz (Iran)

Inversion of local earthquake travel times and joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity measurements were used to derive a simple model for the velocity crustal structure beneath the southern edge of the Central Alborz (Iran), including the seismically active area around the megacity of Tehran. The P and S travel times from 115 well-located earthquakes recorded by a dense local seismic network, operated from June to November 2006, were inverted to determine a 1D velocity model of the upper crust. The limited range of earthquake depths (between 2 km and 26 km) prevents us determining any velocity interfaces deeper than 25 km. The velocity of the lower crust and the depth of the Moho were found by joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity data. The resulting P-wave velocity model comprises an upper crust with 3 km and 4 km thick sedimentary layers with P wave velocities (V_p) of ～5.4 and ～5.8 km s^?1, respectively, above 9 km and 8 km thick layers of upper crystalline crust (V_p ～6.1 and ～6.25 km s^?1 respectively). The lower crystalline crust is ～34 km thick (V_p ～ 6.40 km s^?1). The total crustal thickness beneath this part of the Central Alborz is 58 ± 2 km.     

华北克拉通地壳结构及动力学机制分析

本文对布设在华北克拉通三个陆块的199个宽频带台站记录的远震数据进行了接收函数计算.利用H-κ迭代方法获得了该区域基岩地区的地壳结构,平滑处理后作为背景结构模型中的基岩地区地壳结构;利用相邻算法对沉积层地区的接收函数进行了波形拟合计算,获得了沉积层结构,平滑后作为背景结构模型中的沉积层结构;结合前人的研究成果,完善了研究区域的背景结构模型.以此模型为基础,对接收函数进行了CCP（Common Conversion Point,共转换点）叠加成像,获得了Moho面成像结果,对比沉积层的成像结果发现：西部陆块中鄂尔多斯块体东部地区地壳厚度较大,约为42 km,泊松比较低,小于0.24,为长英质含量较多的地壳层;位于中部陆块的山西地堑地壳厚度小于鄂尔多斯块体,且变化较大,西侧地壳厚度约为40 km,东侧重力梯度带附近地壳厚度迅速减薄至36 km左右,张家口-怀来-大同一带出现了地壳的局部抬升,地壳厚度等值线基本以北北东方向为主,与构造带方向基本一致,地堑内泊松比约为0.26~0.28,前人对此区域的层析成像研究结果表明太行山隆起和阴山隆起存在壳内低速层,推测为地壳部分熔融以及上地幔物质上涌造成的;东部陆块中渤海湾盆地的地壳厚度较薄,约为32 km,部分地区小于30 km,其中冀中坳陷带地壳厚度最薄,约为28 km,沉积层基底分布与Moho面分布呈镜像对称趋势,沉积层较厚地区的地壳较薄,推测东部陆块在太平洋板块俯冲作用下,存在北西-南东向的拉张作用,使其内发育了大量断陷盆地.

     

渤海湾地区壳幔结构重磁综合研究

渤海湾盆地是华北克拉通破坏的中心,其东部渤海海域深部结构研究对认识华北克拉通破坏范围及动力学过程具有重要意义.为此,本文选取自河北新城经天津静海沿东南方向进入渤海海域的剖面进行重磁反演,研究其地壳结构特征.通过对该地区文献调研及2010年渤海海陆联测初步结果建立初始模型,结合本地区密度、磁化率特征进行二度半体重磁异常反...     

Crustal structure along the coast of California from Rayleigh waves

The dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves is obtained for the path San Fernando Valley-Berkeley, using the single-station surface wave method. The crustal model obtained from dispersion data is in excellent agreement with seismic refraction results. Dispersion data enable the rejection of one of the models previously proposed on the basis of refraction data.     

The crust and upper mantle structure beneath southern Italy by earthquakes and DSS data

This paper describes a travel—time analysis performed for the Italian seismic stations, in particular those operating in southern Italy, in order to study the crust and upper mantle properties in the region. Average P-wave residuals of teleseisms in the distance range 30°–95° with respect to Jeffreys-Bullen tables, at thirteen permanent and temporary stations of southern Italy, are coherent with a high velocity zone beneath Calabria and northern Sicily and low velocity material in the mantle beneath the Eolian Islands. Travel—time residuals from Tyrrhenian intermediate earthquakes show a high velocity structure which extends in a NW direction from a depth of at least 200 km down to 450 km.A damped least-squares inversion applied to DSS data confirms the existence of low velocity zones in the crust beneath the Eolian Islands, at 8–12 km depth, that agrees with previous results and with the lack of S waves from local earthquakes.Publication No. 193, Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica, CNR-Roma.     

Crustal structure of the Peninsular India

Summary Earthquake parameters for the forty aftershocks of the main Koyna earthquake of 10 December, 1967, have been determined. Depths of the foci of the earthquakes have been found to vary between 2 to 17 km. The velocities for the phasesP _g ,P ^*,P _n have been observed to be 5.78±0.00, 6.58±0.04, 8.19±0.02 km/sec, and forS _g ,S ^*,S _n to be 3.42±0.00, 3.92±0.01 and 4.62±0.01 km/sec respectively. A two-layered crustal model has been interpreted for the Peninsular shield with the average thickness of the granitic layer as 20 km and that for the basaltic layer as 18.7 km. A plot of the epicenters suggests a NNE to SSW orientation of the fault.     

Crustal structure from spectral ratio of short-period P waves

This study examines the method of spectral ratio response and verifies a structure beneath Umeå from short-period P waves of teleseismic events. Previously, researchers reported difficulty in interpreting observed ratios of short-period waves in terms of realistic models. Compatible results are returned here by restricting the length of analysis to a short duration (about 12 s) with the understanding that only the gross features of the crust may be modelled. Our results indicate a 42-km two-layer shield structure similar to that derived from long-period P waves. The structure so inferred is attributed to considerations of the observed and theoretical model truncated ratios in the frequency range 0.9–1.3 Hz, the dominant periods of the signals analysed, a short data window, analysis of records with a well-developed beat character and a relatively simple crust beneath the recording station.     

Crustal structure and the Godavari Valley earthquake

Summary This paper is an attempt to study the dependence of constantsb ona, of the Gutenberg-Richter's frequency-magnitude relation logN = a – bM which seems to be linear. Further it is found that the maximum magnitude observed in a particular region can be approximated by the ratioa/b.     

Crustal structure beneath Qiangtang and Lhasa terrane from receiver function

To determine the crustal structure in central Tibet, we used teleseismic waveform data recorded by 18 stations in the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array across the central Tibet from the central Lhasa terrane to the central Qiangtang terrane. The S-wave velocity structures beneath stations are determined by inverting the stacked radial receiver function using the GA method. The first order features in the receiver function are modeled. Our results show that the Moho in Qiangtang is about 8 km shallower than that in Lhasa terrane along the INDEPTH-Ⅲ profile. It maybe suggests the northward subduction of the Lhasa mantle lid beneath the Qiangtang terrane is affected by the India-Asia collision. We conclude that there exist low velocity zone in the middle crust across the northern Lhasa and Qiangtang terrane, which can be related to the high temperature upper mantle beneath that.     

Crustal structure of the eastern Mediterranean inferred from Rayleigh wave dispersion

Rayleigh wave group velocity data from paths crossing the Levantine Sea are presented. We have derived a suite of models for the crustal structure of the Levantine Sea for extreme values of data errors and of the data corrections which were applied in order to account for lateral heterogeneity.We conclude that models with a crustal thickness less than 30 km are not consistent with the data. Our preferred models are characterized by a crustal thickness of 35–40 km. These results and the presence of an extremely thick sedimentary sequence point to a passive continental margin type of structure underlying the Levantine Sea. Additional data from the path Sicily-Jerusalem suggest that this type of structure is representative of the whole of the eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Sea and Ionian Sea).     

黑龙江地区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像

本文选取黑龙江省台网及吉林、内蒙古部分台站共44个固定地震台站连续2年的地震数据,利用两个台站间互相关方法获得瑞利面波经验格林函数,再用自适应时频分析方法提取群速度频散曲线,最后利用传统面波层析成像方法反演获得黑龙江地区周期为8～40 s范围内群速度分布图像.反演结果揭示黑龙江地区地壳及上地幔群速度结构存在明显横向不均...