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通过定义一个能客观定量描述大气环流四维时空变化的风向改变指数WI,用以研究大气环流的时空演变规律和季节转换。在对纬向平均的WI做了经验正交函数(EOF)分析后,得到了其前四个模态。第一模态揭示的是全年平均的WI空间分布的基态。第二模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现准调和变化的部分,热带、副热带、温寒带季风区在该模态中均有明显体现。第三模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现非调和变化的部分,该部分揭示了因南北半球海陆分布的差异和因大气、海洋流体的非线性效应,其所造成的从春到秋与从秋到春的季节变化的不对称性以及平流层的二月突变现象。第四模态反映的是全球各层盛行风反向区域从春到夏的北进和从夏到秋南撤的现象。 相似文献
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孟加拉湾低涡与南海季风爆发关系及其可能机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
客观定义并统计了孟加拉湾低涡,确定了30年(1980—2009年)中的34个季风爆发性低涡(MOV),分析其与南海夏季风爆发的关系。分析结果表明:季节转换期内(4—5月)低涡以东移型和北移型为主,这些低涡对南海季风爆发起指示作用,是南海季风爆发的前兆信号,故确定为MOV;气候态下,MOV发生在南海季风爆发前十天。MOV发生在高的海表温度、小的纬向风垂直切变、强的赤道西风的背景环境中;其生成位置与孟加拉湾各区海温演变有关,同一时段内,MOV总是倾向于在海温较高的海域上生成;MOV生成的早晚与赤道西风的增强和发展有密切联系,“亚澳大陆桥”对流和南印度洋海温是影响MOV生成时间的重要因子。这些结论可为南海季风的监测、预报及预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
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1998年南海夏季风建立前后的突变特征及爆发过程 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
利用南海季风试验所得到的最新资料分析了1998年南海夏季风建立前后的突变特征及其爆发过程,初步认定1998年亚洲夏季风最早(5月23日)在南海地区建立,它是亚洲冬季风形势向夏季风形势转换的最早体现。副高从南海地区连续东撤是南海地区夏季风建立的直接过程,它的撤出有利于不稳定能量的释放,形成南海夏季风的爆发性。提出赤道印度洋地区的西风和降水向中南半岛地区扩展、华南静止锋活跃南压,这种形式的中低纬相互作 相似文献
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夏季南海季风槽与印度季风槽的气候特征之比较 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
亚洲夏季风槽包括两大重要组成部分,即南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽.两个季风槽同属于热带夏季风系统,具有热带辐合带的性质.但由于所处地理位置、海陆分布、受到的影响系统不同等原因,两个季风槽有明显的异同点.利用气候平均资料分析,揭示南海夏季风槽和印度季风槽的结构特征和演变特征的异同点,有利于提高对亚洲夏季风系统的认识.作者首先讨论了结构特征方面的差异,从季风槽的对流特征、环流场配置特征、热力结构特征等方面探讨了两个季风槽的区别,分析结果表明南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽在结构特征方面区别不算很大,都具有热带季风辐合带的典型结构,低层辐合,高层辐散,有明显的季风经圈环流,热力结构特征均是低层偏冷,中高层偏暖.相对来说,印度夏季风槽比南海夏季风槽强且深厚.其次对南海夏季风槽和印度夏季风槽的演变的气候特征所进行的分析表明,季风槽建立时间与季风爆发时间是一致的.南海夏季风槽爆发早且突然,撤退缓慢,维持时间长;印度夏季风槽则是渐进式的爆发,撤退迅速,维持时间较短.两个季风槽的温湿演变特征也有所不同. 相似文献
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南海季风爆发的统计动力分析 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
作者对南海季风爆发作了统计动力分析,即将南海季风爆发前后的高低层风场看成一个整体,并以南海季风爆发日为基准,对风场作了经验正交函数(EOF)分析,得到了以下结论:偏差风场的第一模态反映了高低层东亚夏季风环流在南海季风爆发日前后有剧烈变化,这直接体现了南海季风的爆发,并表明此时大气环流有突变发生;第二、三模态则分别反映了具有5~7天振荡周期的中高纬大气长波活动和亚洲季风区中准双周低频振荡的主要活动区,以及中低纬度大气环流的相互作用;第二模态体现了偏差风场的幅散风部分而第三模态则体现了旋转风部分. 相似文献
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Yan Junyue 《大气科学进展》1997,14(2):277-287
ObservationalStudyontheOnsetoftheSouthChinaSeaSouthwestMonsoonYanJunyue(阎俊岳)NationalClimateCenter,Beijing100081ReceivedNovemb... 相似文献
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In this paper, a Wind Direction Change Index (WI), which can describe four-dimensional spatiotemporal changes of the atmospheric circulation objectively and quantitatively, is defined to study its evolution and seasonal variation. The first four modes can be obtained by EOF expansion of the zonally averaged WI. The first mode reveals the basic spatial distribution of the annually averaged WI. The second mode reflects the quasi-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. Tropical, subtropical and extratropical monsoon areas can be clearly reflected by this mode. The third mode reflects the non-harmonic parts of the WI deviations. It shows the so-called February reverse in stratospheric atmosphere as well as the asymmetric seasonal changes from spring to fall and from fall to spring due to both the land-sea distribution contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the nonlinear effect of atmospheric and ocean fluids. The fourth mode reveals the northward advancing of the global reversed wind fields from spring to summer and their southward withdrawal from summer to autumn. 相似文献
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Multi-scale climate variability of the South China Sea monsoon: A review 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Bin Wang Fei Huang Zhiwei Wu Jing Yang Xiouhua Fu Kazuyoshi Kikuchi 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,47(1-3):15-37
This review recapitulates climate variations of the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon and our current understanding of the important physical processes responsible for the SCS summer monsoon's intraseasonal to interannual variations. We demonstrate that the 850 hPa meridional shear vorticity index (SCSMI) can conveniently measure and monitor SCS monsoon variations on a timescale ranging from intraseasonal to interdecadal. Analyses with this multi-scale index reveal that the two principal modes of intraseasonal variation, the quasi-biweekly and 30–60-day modes, have different source regions and lifecycles, and both may be potentially predicted at a lead time longer than one-half of their corresponding lifecycles. The leading mode of interannual variation is seasonally dependent: the seasonal precipitation anomaly suddenly reverses the sign from summer to fall, and the reversed anomaly then persists through the next summer. Since the late 1970s, the relationship between the SCS summer monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significantly strengthened. Before the late 1970s, the SCS summer monsoon was primarily influenced by ENSO development, while after the late 1970s, it has been affected mainly in the decaying phase of ENSO. The year of 1993 marked a sudden interdecadal change in precipitation and circulation in the SCS and its surrounding region. Over the past 60 years, the SCS summer monsoon's strength shows no significant trend, but the SCS winter monsoon displays a significant strengthening tendency (mainly in its easterly component and its total wind speed). A number of outstanding issues are raised for future studies. 相似文献
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On the onset of the south china sea summer monsoon in 1998 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
1.IntroductionChinesescientistshavepointedoutsincethe1980sthattheAsiansummermonsooniscomposedoftheSouthAsian(Indian)monsoonsystemandtheEastAsianmonsoonsystem,whichhavetheirparticularcharacteristicsrespectivelybutalsointeractoneachother;andtheAsiansummermonsoonbreaksoutintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)regionatfirst,thenspreadsnorthwestwardandnorthwardrespectively,finallytheSouthAsiansummermonsoonandtheEastAsiansummermonsoonaresetup(TaoandChen,1987;JinandChen,1985;Zhuetal.,1986).Muchattentionhasbe… 相似文献
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南海海平面高度年循环的特征 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
根据 TOPEX/ POSEIDON-ERS高度计提供的海平面高度异常资料和并行海洋气候模式(POCM)模拟海平面高度资料,分析了南海海平面高度年循环特征。结果表明:l月,3月和5月海平面高度的异常值分别与7月,9月,11月的异常值相反。l月(7月),深水海区与吕宋海峡的海平面高度为负(正)异常,在大部分陆架区和南海的西和南部,海平面高度为正(负)异常。在3月(9月),除海平面高度异常的量级已减少,且较小的SSH正异常(负异常)出现在南海的中部以外,海平面高度异常的分布型与 1月(7月)类似; SSH的年循环的最大振幅出现在吕宋岛的西北海域;风的季节变化是南海SSH季节变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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根据热带西太平洋(130°-160°E,10°-20°N)上空对流的年际变化,对表面温度、向外长波幅射、850 hPa纬向风进行了合成分析。合成分析结果表明,热带西太平洋上空的弱(强)对流对应着前冬和春季厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)型的海温异常。与以前的研究结果进行了比较,说明上述海温异常的时空分布也与热带西太平洋和南海季风的爆发早晚相关联。合成分析结果还表明,热带西太平洋上空的弱(强)对流对应着从热带西太平洋向西伸展到盂加拉湾的东风(西风)异常。数值模拟也得到类似的结果。此外,在对流弱(强)的夏季,热带西太平洋上空的对流和南海低层纬向风均表现出弱(强)的季节演变特征。 相似文献
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利用1958-1997年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,以南海夏季风爆发日为临界日,分析了季风爆发前后全球平均环流和扰动环流的演变.结果显示,季风爆发前后气候平均场的环流形势是完全不同的,且这一变化是全球性的.从扰动场的演变看,伴随季风的爆发,扰动环流的变化不仅是全球的,而且具有突发性.分析还指出了南海西南季风的来源和三支越赤道气流的作用,特别是南半球环流的变化以及其对南海夏季风爆发的影响. 相似文献
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The present study analyzes the differences in spatial and temporal variations of
surface temperatures between early and late onset years of the South China Sea summer monsoon
(SCSSM). It is found that when the land surface temperature north of 40oN is lower (higher)
and the sea surface temperature over the South China Sea-western North Pacific (SCS-WNP) is
higher (lower) in winter, the onset of the SCSSM begins earlier (later). When the land surface
temperature north of 40oN is higher (lower) and the sea surface temperature over the SCS-WNP
is lower (higher) in spring, the onset of the SCSSM occurs earlier (later). The reason why the
anomalies of the land surface temperatures north of 40oN can influence the atmospheric circulation
is investigated by analysis of the wind and temperature fields. In order to verify the mechanisms
of influence over the land and sea surface temperature distribution patterns and test the ability
of the p-σ regional climate model (p-σ RCM9) to simulate the SCSSM onset, three types
of years with early, normal, and late SCSSM onset are selected and the SCSSM regimes are numerically
simulated. According to the results obtained from five sensitive experiments, when the land surface
temperature is higher in the eastern part, north of 40oN, and lower in the western part, north
of 40oN, and it rises faster in the eastern coastal regions and the Indian Peninsula, while the
sea surface temperatures over the SCS-WNP are lower, the early onset of the SCSSM can be expected. 相似文献