海域使用动态地面监视监测内容探析

海域使用动态监视监测是《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》确立的一项重要制度,也是提升海域管理信息化、规范化和科学化水平的重要手段。笔者依据东海分局《填海项目海域使用动态监测技术规程》(试行)和《国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统总体实施方案》,结合近年来从事填海工程海域使用动态监视监测工作经验,探讨施工期海域使用动态地面监视监测工作内容,为依法、规范开展海域使用动态监视监测提供参考。     

航空遥感在海域动态监视监测工作中的应用

本文立足于烟台市海域使用动态监视监测实际情况,通过分析航空遥感在海域动态监管工作中的优缺点,将航空遥感技术应用于海域使用动态监测中。监测结果表明:航空遥感可以实现海域空间资源监测、区域建设用海规划监测和重点项目监测等海域使用动态监测,可以满足海域动态监管的各类型监视监测工作要求。     

浅谈上海市海域动态监视监测管理系统设计

建设海域动态监视监测管理系统是贯彻实施《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》的重要工作内容,对提高各级海洋管理部门科学决策和办公自动化水平有重大作用。在研究上海市海域动态监视监测管理业务需求的基础上,初步探讨上海市海域动态监视监测管理系统的总体架构,设计海域使用业务管理、海域巡查管理、重点海域海岛监视、海底管线管理等功能,从而促进本市海域使用的科学管理、海域资源的可持续利用和海洋经济的健康发展。     

海域动态监视监测业务分析研究

海域动态监视监测业务是实施海域综合管理精细化、科学化、规范化的重要手段。文章从海域使用现状监测、海域空间资源监测、综合评价与决策支持和监视监测业务管理等方面对海域动态监视监测业务进行了梳理,以期为国家海域动态监视监测管理系统的深入运行和业务拓展提供参考。     

江苏海域动态监管业务运行现状及分析

海域动态监管业务是实施海域管理精细化、科学化的重要手段。文章从海域监管工作模式、海域使用动态监测、海域资源调查、分析评价与决策支持成果等方面对江苏海域动态监视监测业务进行梳理,以期为全国海域动态监管业务化拓展提供参考。     

海域海岛监视监测体系研究及在南沙区的应用

海域海岛动态监视监测业务是加强海域海岛管理的有效手段。文章对海域海岛监视监测业务体系进行研究梳理,分析无人机低空遥感技术在监视监测工作中的优势,设计建立无人机监视监测业务管理系统,应用于南沙区海域海岛监视监测工作,并介绍了监视监测工作中的几个实际应用。采用无人机低空遥感技术为主并建立无人机监视监测平台的办法,拓展和丰富了监视监测成果,有效促进了海域海岛监管能力提升。     

国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统数据传输网络设计

数据传输网络系统是国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统的重要组成部分,文中简要介绍了国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统数据传输网络的设计思想,描述了网络拓扑结构、网络管理和网络安全的技术框架。     

江苏省海域动态监视监测技术支撑体系探析

自2006年国家海洋局启动海域动态监视监测管理系统以来,江苏省按照"全覆盖、立体化、高精度"的目标,努力构建海域使用动态监视监测体系,并基于航空遥感、卫星遥感以及现场监测等手段开展了围填海项目精细化监视监测等,为海域管理和海监执法提供技术支撑。     

低空遥感系统在海域监视监测方面的应用初探

针对低空遥感系统在海域使用动态监视监测中的应用初步探索,我们尝试在山东海阳核电厂利用无人机低空遥感系统获取高分辨率遥感影像。通过对遥感影像进行分析处理,提取研究区域填海信息并进行研究,为海域使用监视监测提供数据支持。结果表明,无人机低空遥感系统具有机动灵活、响应迅速、分辨率高等优点,且能够到达载人飞行器无法到达的复杂或危险地区空域,在海域使用监视监测中的应用具有很高的可行性,今后可进一步搭载光谱仪等专业设备进行监测相关信息采集与分析,对海域监管有目标有选择地重点跟踪监测和保护,更好地辅助海域监管等保障工作。     

浅谈海域使用动态地面监视监测工作的技术方法

海域使用动态监视监测对实现海域开发管理规范化有着重大意义,而地面监视监测是其重要的数据采集手段,是海域管理的基础工作。介绍了海域使用动态地面监视监测在用海测量实施中的技术方法与步骤,总结归纳了其在界址定位的方式方法及应注意的问题,阐述了监测方法要求、方案的设计、制定测量数据处理的过程和报告编写的主要内容和重点等,并给出了报告的主要目录结构,为完善相关的技术规程提供参考。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.