南海鸢乌贼3个地理群体形态差异与判别分析

根据2012年2月—2013年5月间在南沙群岛、中西沙群岛和东沙岛海域12个航次采集的3 245尾鸢乌贼样本,测量了胴长、腕长等12项形态参数,运用多元统计分析方法对南海鸢乌贼群体进行形态差异分析与判别。结果显示:南海3个海域均分布胴背有或无卵形光斑的鸢乌贼;3个地理群体的形态差异属于种内差异,各群体间在TCL(触腕穗长)/ML(胴长)、FL(鳍长)/ML、HW(头宽)/ML和MW(胴宽)/ML均数差异极显著;前6个主成分形态特征值的贡献率分别为30.1%、9.6%、9.2%、8.6%、8.2%、7.4%,合计73.1%;3个地理群体间形态差异显著(P0.01),所建立的鸢乌贼地理群体判别函数的判别准确率为61.7~78.1%,综合判别率为65.6%。多元分析结果表明,南海鸢乌贼可划分为东沙、中西沙及南沙3个地理群体。     

我国南海4个青蛤野生群体的形态差异分析

用8个形态性状比较我国南海4个野生青蛤群体间的形态变异。聚类分析表明,湛江群体和汕头群体的形态较接近,海口群体的趋异最大。主成分分析表明,主成分1、2、3的贡献率分别为26.441%、21.104%、15.884%,累计贡献率为63.428%。逐步判别分析结果显示,4个群体形态差异显著(P<0.01)。建立了4群体判别函数,其判别准确率P1为51.4%～71.4%,判别分析准确率P2为60%～75.8%,4群体的综合判别率为64.3%。Mantel-test检验结果表明,我国南海青蛤不同地理群体的欧式距离与地理距离没有明显的相关性(r=0.4227,P=0.3910)。     

南海北部海域中国枪乌贼耳石的形态学分析

2015年在南海北部海域采集中国枪乌贼样本102尾,测定个体以及耳石形态学参数,利用主成分分析法获得中国枪乌贼耳石主要形态特征参数,分析耳石特征参数与胴长(ML)、性成熟等的关系,建立主要形态参数与胴长和体质量的关系模型。结果表明,长度参数耳石总长(TSL)、吻区游离端长(RL)和宽度参数最大宽度(MW)、翼区宽(WW)可代表中国枪乌贼耳石的形态特征;TSL、RL与ML之间以线性模型为最佳,WW、MW与ML之间以幂函数模型为最佳;TSL、RL、WW、MW与体质量之间以线性模型为最适;性成熟对耳石形态参数特征MW/TSL影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

外形轮廓法识别南海沿岸4个文蛤地理群体

2013年10月至2014年3月在北海、防城港、海口和湛江4个海区分别采集35、34、35、37只文蛤样本,用外形轮廓法对各群体进行判别。通过SHAPE软件采集傅里叶函数解析出文蛤的外形轮廓参数,并对其进行主成分分析和判别分析。结果表明,前3个主成分共解释外形轮廓信息量的80.67%,其中第1主成分占49.72%。判别分析的逐步判定中,对4个海区文蛤的正确判定率为65.7%~94.6%,判定率最低的是海口群体,判定率最高的为湛江群体,平均正确判定率达到78%;交叉判定中,正确判定率为60.0%~94.6%,判定率最低为海口群体,判定率最高为湛江群体,平均正确判定率达为74.5%。研究认为,外形轮廓法可较好地判定4个海区的文蛤群体。     

印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼的触腕和腕足钓捕断裂强度

鱿鱼的腕足断裂强度是影响鱿钓脱钩率的重要因素。通过现场实测,分析了印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)的腕足断裂强度对手钓作业脱钩率产生的影响。结果表明,鸢乌贼的每根触腕仅能承受的拉力相当于体重的0.7倍,因此,钓捕过程中,因触腕断裂造成的脱钩率接近100%;而另外的第I-IV腕足的断裂强度分别是其体重的2.30、2.05、2.06和1.87倍;5对腕足整体的平均脱钩率接近10%。     

影响鸢乌贼手钓上钩率的因子探讨

根据印度洋西北部鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)作业渔场的现场调查数据,分析了作业水深、作业时段、摄食等级和月相等因子对手钓上钩率的影响。统计表明,晚上、午夜和凌晨3个不同时段和不同作业水深对手钓上钩率均有显著性影响。3个时段中,其摄食等级呈先低后高再低的现象。午夜和凌晨,上钩率的变化趋势与摄食等级的变化趋势呈显著的负相关。在月相的影响下,离朔日三四天之前,手钓产量呈上升趋势;离望日五六天之前,手钓产量呈明显的下降趋势。     

翡翠贻贝三个野生种群形态性状的差异分析

运用差异系数检验、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等4种多元统计分析方法,采用5个比例性状,比较研究了广西北海、广东湛江和汕尾的3个翡翠贻贝野生种群的形态性状差异。结果表明:(1)3个种群间5个比例性状的差异系数在0.024～1.134之间,种群间尚未达到亚种差异水平;(2)主成分分析构建了3个主成分,PC1、PC2和PC3贡献率分别为40.134%、27.956%和20.614%,累计贡献率为88.704%;(3)利用逐步判别法选择3个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析,建立了3种群判别函数,判别准确率为P1为73.0%～88.0%,P2为74.6%～86.8%,综合判别率为79.7%;(4)聚类分析显示,北海种群与汕尾种群形态较为接近,湛江种群趋异程度最大。各种分析方法从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异,这种差异是环境和遗传共同作用的结果。     

6个不同鲤群体的形态差异分析

对黄河鲤、荷包红鲤、高背荷包红鲤、兴国红鲤、建鲤和黑龙江野鲤等6个鲤群体的12个形态比例性状进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。单因素方差分析结果表明,除眼后头长/头长外,各鲤群体间在其他比例性状上出现较明显的差异。主成分分析构建了3个主成分,其贡献率分别为35.316%、23.221%、10.146%,累计贡献率为68.683%,并明显可将6个鲤群体划分为2个簇,荷包红鲤和高背荷包红鲤明显与其他群体区分开。聚类分析结果与主成分分析一致。在体高/体长、头长/体长、体厚/体长和尾柄高/尾柄长等4个比例性状上,有些群体的差异系数大于1.28,说明这些群体在这4个指标上的差异可达到亚种水平。结果表明,6个鲤群体在形态上存在一定差异和分化,主要体现在体型和头部特征上。     

红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷种类和群体的矢耳石地标点法识别

【目的】探讨矢耳石地标法在笛鲷种内及种间中的判别作用。【方法】利用2017年购自广西北海、海南文昌、广东阳江的87尾红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythropterus)和76尾紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)成鱼的矢耳石样本,基于地标点法分析耳石的形态差异,运用判别分析检验耳石形态差异在2种笛鲷的种间和同种不同群体间的判别功效。【结果】位于听沟前中部交叉点的两个地标点10、11贡献较大,解释了耳石形态变异的64.88%～65.85%,表明两种笛鲷耳石形态的种间差异和种内群体差异主要集中于听沟前中部。基于耳石形态的地标点方法对2种笛鲷的种间判别成功率为97.4%和100.0%;红鳍笛鲷和紫红笛鲷的种内不同群体判别成功率分别为85.7%、83.3%、80.0%和94.1%、78.1%、81.5%。【结论】矢耳石地标点法可作为2种笛鲷种间和种内判别的有效工具。     

大刺鳅雌雄个体形态差异分析

【目的】研究大刺鳅(Mastacembelusarmatus)形态性状和雌、雄个体的形态差异。【方法】运用差异显著性分析、主成分分析、R-聚类分析和判别分析测量分析了248尾珠江流域野生大刺鳅3个可量性状和25个标准化形态性状。【结果】差异显著性分析结果,在方差均呈齐性(P>0.05)的性状中,下颚长/头长和L1-3/体长这两个标准化性状达到显著水平,L1-2/体长、L2-8/体长、L3-4/体长、L3-5/体长、L4-6/体长、L5-6/体长和L7-8/体长等12个性状达到极显著水平。在主成分分析中,提取3个主成分,累积贡献率达到87.169%,结合主成分分析和R-聚类分析的结果,表明大刺鳅个体的差异主要集中在头部、鱼体形态和尾部3个方面。通过逐步判别分析法从248尾大刺鳅的25个标准化形态性状中筛选出16个性状,建立性别判别方程,对雌、雄群体的综合判别准确率为69.2%。【结论】雌性与雄性比较,头部和躯干部较长,眼间距较宽,体高较高;而雄性与雌性比较,上下颚较长,尾部较长。     

西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼摄食与繁殖生物学初步研究

鸢乌贼是南海重要的渔业资源之一,是大型光诱罩网渔船的主要捕捞对象。以2011年4个季度西沙海域光诱罩网船作业随机采集的542尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)为样本,研究其摄食与繁殖生物学特性。结果表明:鸢乌贼雌雄比为1∶1,雌性成熟高峰期为冬季,平均性成熟指数(gonad somatic index,GSI)为2.97,雄性成熟高峰期为夏季,平均GSI为1.89;胴长171 mm以上雌性个体出现一次性腺发育高峰期,GSI达到8.59,111～140 mm胴长组雄性个体出现一次性腺发育高峰期,GSI为1.92,雌、雄GSI随胴长变化均较显著(p值<0.05);雌、雄初次性成熟胴长分别为159 mm和83 mm;同一胴长组中雌、雄个体的平均饵料质量差异性不显著(p值>0.05),但雌性个体最大饵料质量大于雄性个体;雌雄鸢乌贼摄食强度随胴长增加呈现总体上升的趋势,摄食等级除夏季以2级和3级为主外,其余各季度均以3级和4级为主,其中,3、4级在春季和冬季分别占71.02%和79.02%;空胃率(摄食等级为0)在秋季所占比例较高,为16.22%,其余3个季度空胃率均不超过5%,摄食对象以鱼类、头足类和甲壳类为主,且有同类相残现象。     

Estimation of Age,Growth and Maturation of Purpleback Flying Squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in Bashi Channel,Central Pacific Ocean

The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.     

中国南海绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)线粒体DNA序列分析

测定了南海海域绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)线粒体DNA的细胞色素b(Cyt b,EU918367、EU918368)和控制区(D-loop,EU918363、EU918364、EU918365、EU918366)的全序列以及细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ,EU600157、EU600158)5’端DNA标签序列。Cyt b基因全序列和COⅠ标签序列(DNA barcode)与GenBank中的相应序列比对,确认样本均为绿海龟。D-loop区序列聚类分析显示中国南海绿海龟分别与中东太平洋、西南太平洋和印度洋的绿海龟存在较近的亲缘关系。     

Natural mortality estimation and rational exploitation of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the southern South China Sea

Based on the biological data of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)collected by light falling-net in the southern South China Sea(SCS) during September to October 2012 and March to April 2013,growth and mortality of 'Medium' and 'Dwarf' forms of squid are derived using the Powell-Wetherall,ELEFAN methods and length-converted catch curves(FiSAT package).Given a lack of commercial exploitation,we assume total mortality to be due entirely to natural mortality.We estimate these squid have fast growth,with growth coefficients(k) ranging from 1.42 to 2.39,and high natural mortality(M),with estimates ranging from 1.61 to 2.92.To sustainably exploit these squid stocks,yield per recruitment based on growth and natural mortality was determined using the Beverton-Holt dynamic pool model.We demonstrate squid stocks could sustain high fishing mortality and low ages at first capture,with an optimal fishing mortality 3.0,with the optimal age at first capture increased to 0.4-0.6 years when fishing mortality approached optimal levels.On the basis of our analyses and estimates of stock biomass,we believe considerable potential exists to expand the squid fishery into the open SCS,relieving fishing pressure on coastal waters.     

Evaluation of the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) in the South China Sea

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The daily regional reanalysis product of the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) product was released in website in 2018. Using in situ observational data including...     

Current Model Analysis of South China Sea Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) Decomposition and Prototype Monitoring Data

Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.     

北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)资源渔场研究进展

分析柔鱼的资源现状、种群结构、洄游和集群分布等,介绍其渔场形成、类型、分布以及影响渔场时空分布的海洋环境因子,并以柔鱼早期生活史为线索,分析了影响柔鱼资源补充量的环境因子、气候条件,并归纳了柔鱼渔场预报模型及资源评估常用模型。研究认为,今后应开展国际合作,加强对北太平洋柔鱼生活史过程的研究,了解其产卵场和索饵场的范围,以及洄游路线及时空变化规律,分析大尺度范围气候变化、捕捞作业、被捕食压力等对其资源的影响,结合海洋遥感、地理信息系统、物理海洋学等学科,开展多学科合作,对其种群动力学过程进行系统研究。     

Planaxidae (Mollusca,Gastropoda) from the South China Sea

Planaxidae is a family of tropical and subtropical marine gastropods that are adapted to an intertidal, rocky environment. The present study deals with three species in the family Planaxidae from the South China Sea: P lanaxis sulcatus(von Born, 1778), Angiola longispira(Smith, 1872), and S upplanaxis niger(Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), based on specimens deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of the South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The taxonomic status, main morphological characteristics of the shell and radula, distribution, and habitat of these three planaxid species are presented. We also briefly discuss their morphological dif ferences and the biogeographic distribution.