南海北部竹筴鱼的生长、死亡及合理利用

根据1997年12月至1999年6月在南海北部进行的大规模底拖网渔业资源调查中8个航次4个季节的竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)生物学测定资料,运用FAO开发的最新体长频率数据分析软件FiSATⅡ对竹筴鱼的生长、死亡参数进行估算,并进一步应用Beverton-Holt模式对南海北部竹筴鱼的最新资源状况进行研究.结果表明:(1) 竹筴鱼的叉长和体重的关系式为:W=2.282 8×10-5L2.915 4.(2) 其von Bertalanffy生长方程的各参数为:渐近叉长L∞=31.2 (cm),渐近体重W∞=426.5 (g),生长系数K=0.42,t0=-0.376.(3) 总死亡系数Z=2.15,自然死亡系数M=0.91,捕捞死亡系数F=1.24,开发率E=0.58.在估算结果的基础上,进一步提出南海北部竹筴鱼的最佳可捕规格为叉长14.8 cm.     

酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽的工艺研究

以蓝圆鲹为原料,酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽。运用响应面试验设计优化蓝圆鲹蛋白酶解的工艺条件,探讨了酶种类和添加量、液固比、酶解温度、酶解时间对多肽提取率的影响。结果表明:选用木瓜蛋白酶,添加量为0.10%,液固比2∶1,酶解温度54.4℃,酶解时间3.18 h下,多肽提取率为32.35%。     

Feeding ecology of hairtail Trichiurus margarites and largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus in the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea

We evaluated the feeding ecology of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and hairtail (T. margarites). We collected specimens from fishing ports in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) from October 2008 to September 2009 and analyzed their gut contents. We collected 857 T. lepturus and 666 T. margarites samples. The number of stomachs examined in this study was sufficient to describe the monthly and ontogenetic diet shifts for the two species, as indicated by the trophic diversity curves. T. lepturus was a general omnivore, feeding primarily on Bregmaceros rarisquamosu, Decapterus maruadsi, and Acetes chinensis. Conversely, T. margarites preyed primarily on D. maruadsi, B. rarisquamosus, B. nectabanus, and A. chinensis. Both species exhibited distinct ontogenetic diet shifts. Although the two hairtail specie fed on similar sources in the same habitat, the diet overlap was relatively low. Our results suggest that hairtail play an important role in controlling small pelagic and benthic fish populations in the gulf. This trophic correlation shall be used for developing a marine ecosystem model for the Beibu Gulf.     

Population parameters and dynamic pool models of commercial fishes in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea

Length-frequency data of eight commercial fish species in the Beibu Gulf (Golf of Tonkin), northern South China Sea, were collected during 2006-2007. Length-weight relationships and growth and mortality parameters were analyzed using FiSAT II software. Five species had isometric growth, two species had negative allometric growth, and one species had positive allometric growth. Overall, the exploitation rates of the eight species were lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999: for four species (Saurida tumbil, Saurida undosquamis, Argyrosomus macrocephalus, and Nemipterus virgatus) it was lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999, for two species (Parargyrops edita and Trichiurus haumela) it remained the same, and for the other two species (Trachurus japonicus and Decapterus maruadsi) it was higher in 2006-2007 than in 1997-1999. The exploitation rates might have declined because of the decline in fishing intensity caused by high crude oil prices. The optimum exploitation rate, estimated using Beverton-Holt dynamic pool models, indicated that although fishes in the Beibu Gulf could sustain high exploitation rates, the under-size fishes at first capture resulted in low yields. To increase the yield per recruitment, it is more effective to increase the size at first capture than to control fishing effort.     

北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成

利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。     

Nutrients distribution and trophic status assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf,China

Using historical and 2010 field data, the distribution of nutrients in the northern Beibu Gulf of China is described. There was a decreasing trend in the concentration of nutrients from the north coast to offshore waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, reflecting the influence of inputs from land-based sources. High concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and phosphate （PO4-P） occurred mainly at Fangchenggang Bay, Qinzhou Bay, and Lianzhou Bay. Four different methods were used to assess eutrophication. The trophic status of the Beibu Gulf was characterized using the single factor, Eutrophication index （El）, Trophic index （TRIX） and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status （ASSETS） methods. Based on nutrient concentrations, 73.9% of DIN and 26.7% of PO4-P samples exceeded the fourth grade Seawater Quality Standard of China. Eutrophication index values varied widely, but higher levels of eutrophication were generally found in bays and estuaries. TRIX values ranged from 2.61 to 7.27, with an average of 4.98, indicating a mesotrophic and moderately productive system. A positive correlation between TRIX and harmful algal species richness and abundance was observed. The ASSETS model evaluates eutrophication status based on a Pressure-State-Response approach, including three main indices： influencing factors, overall eutrophic condition, and future outlook. The Beibu Gulf was graded as moderate using ASSETS. The single factor and Chinese nutrient index methods were considered inadequate for the assessment of trophic status. TRIX can be used as an indicator of trophic state and ASSETS showed good potential to assess eutrophication. The results of TRIX and ASSETS depend on threshold values. To establish these values, further research is required within the northern Beibu Gulf.     

THE EVOLUTION OF STENOLS AND STANOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENT CORE FROM BEIBU BAY, THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Ten stenols and stanols were identified by TLC , GC and GC-MS-DS in a marine sediment core from Beibu Bay , the South China Sea .C27, C28 and C29 A5 stenols and 5a- stanols mainly come from zoopiankton, algae and phytoplankton in marine environment. C29 24-ethylcholest- 5 - en- 3B- ol is thought to indicate input of terrigenous organic matter . The increase of C27 . C28 and C29 5a-stanol /5 stenol ratios with sediment depth shows the evolution of stenols and stanols in the marine sediment core .     

北部湾斑鳍白姑鱼群体结构特征与时空分布

2010-2011年在北部湾以底拖网方式按季节定点采样,采集到斑鳍白姑鱼(Pennahia pawak)样本共2 425尾,通过生物学测定及耳石年轮鉴定,研究北部湾斑鳍白姑鱼种群结构及时空分布特征。结果显示:样品体长65~203 mm,体质量5.2~224.0 g,优势体长组为81~130 mm(占84%),优势体质量组为10.1~50.0 g(占83%),平均体长为107 mm,平均体质量为32.5 g;年龄组成主要是0~2龄,大部分1龄以下,未发现3龄及以上样品;1龄样品平均体长153 mm,2龄样品平均体长180 mm。北部湾斑鳍白姑鱼的繁殖期为春季,其渔业资源主要分布在108°~110°E,19°~22°N的湾内海域,资源密度有明显的季节性波动,出现频率、资源密度范围、平均资源密度春季最小,分别为28%、1.59~18.78 kg/km2、1.6 kg/km2,夏季、秋季逐渐递增,冬季最大,分别为56%、5.24~74.80 kg/km2、19.0 kg/km2。     

北部湾墨西哥湾扇贝形态性状与闭壳肌质量的关系

为寻找墨西哥湾扇贝中对其闭壳肌重量影响最显著的形态学特征,在整个扇贝的生长过程中,每一个月测一次壳高(mm)、壳宽(mm)、铰合线长(mm)、体质量(g)和闭壳肌质量(g),每一轮的样本采集量为60,通过通径分析研究这些形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的影响。结果显示,根据各形态学特征对闭壳肌质量的直接的、间接的、总路径的贡献,发现体质量的影响是最显著的(p<0.01),其他的形态学特征如壳高、壳宽和铰合线长对于闭壳肌生长既不限制也不促进。     

西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼摄食与繁殖生物学初步研究

鸢乌贼是南海重要的渔业资源之一,是大型光诱罩网渔船的主要捕捞对象。以2011年4个季度西沙海域光诱罩网船作业随机采集的542尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)为样本,研究其摄食与繁殖生物学特性。结果表明:鸢乌贼雌雄比为1∶1,雌性成熟高峰期为冬季,平均性成熟指数(gonad somatic index,GSI)为2.97,雄性成熟高峰期为夏季,平均GSI为1.89;胴长171 mm以上雌性个体出现一次性腺发育高峰期,GSI达到8.59,111～140 mm胴长组雄性个体出现一次性腺发育高峰期,GSI为1.92,雌、雄GSI随胴长变化均较显著(p值<0.05);雌、雄初次性成熟胴长分别为159 mm和83 mm;同一胴长组中雌、雄个体的平均饵料质量差异性不显著(p值>0.05),但雌性个体最大饵料质量大于雄性个体;雌雄鸢乌贼摄食强度随胴长增加呈现总体上升的趋势,摄食等级除夏季以2级和3级为主外,其余各季度均以3级和4级为主,其中,3、4级在春季和冬季分别占71.02%和79.02%;空胃率(摄食等级为0)在秋季所占比例较高,为16.22%,其余3个季度空胃率均不超过5%,摄食对象以鱼类、头足类和甲壳类为主,且有同类相残现象。