基于能量守恒的星间距离变率与地球重力场频谱关系的建立与分析

基于能量守恒原理,建立了SST-ll星间距离变率观测噪声谱与重力场误差谱的关系,以GRACE相关指标模拟分析了卫星间距、卫星高度和距离变率精度对恢复地球重力场的影响。结果表明,增大卫星间距可提高恢复低阶次位系数的精度,卫星间距超过500 km对提高恢复重力场精度的作用已不明显;降低轨道高度可提高恢复高阶次位系数的精度,卫星高度每降低100 km,恢复位系数的有效阶次提高20阶以上;提高星间距离变率精度可大幅度提高恢复重力场的精度,距离变率精度每提高一个量级,恢复位系数的有效阶次提高约28阶。将模拟结果与GGM02S和EIGEN-GRACE02S模型进行比较,初步验证了本文方法的可行性。     

利用能量守恒法和GOCE卫星轨道数据反演地球重力场模型

利用傅立叶级数拟合GOCE卫星的耗散能,解决了基于能量守恒法恢复GOCE重力场模型时耗散能的计算问题。采用Helmert-Wolf参数估计法统一求解位系数、能量常数和耗散能的傅立叶级数拟合参数,并采用消局部参数的最小二乘法求解位系数。该方法不需要任何初始值或参考模型,不需要采用差分方法处理能量常数,也不需要进行迭代计算。利用GOCE卫星2009-11-01~2010-02-12共103d的精密轨道数据反演了三组100阶次的重力场模型GOCE-ECP01S、GOCE-ECP02S和GOCE-ECP03S,并与EIGEN-5C、EIGENCHAMP05S和GOCO03S模型进行比较。结果表明,采用一阶傅立叶级数拟合GOCE卫星的耗散能效果最好,反演的GOCE-ECP01S模型精度最高,整体精度优于EIGEN-CHAMP05S,但较GOCO03S模型的精度偏低;在100阶次的大地水准面误差为±3.2cm,但由于极空白的影响,恢复模型的带谐项位系数精度偏低。     

地球重力场与KBR系统频谱关系的建立与分析

以近极圆形轨道的SST ll为研究目标,利用解析的方法分析卫星间精密测距与地球重力场的频谱关系,得出了一般情况下300km高度的SST,星间距离每增加100km,恢复能力提高约10阶次;对于500km卫星高度的SST,星间距离每增加100km,恢复能力提高约5阶次的结论。研究成果可以为我国发展SST探测地球重力场的卫星计划提供参考。     

多源卫星重力场模型精度与频谱分析

针对新一代卫星重力探测技术对地球重力场的频谱贡献问题,该文提出了一种基于GPS/水准数据获取多源卫星重力场模型频谱变化特征的方法。采用GPS/水准外符合检验,有效分析评估了多源卫星重力场模型在中国东、西部地区的精度水平。研究结果表明,以CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE卫星为代表的高-低卫星跟踪卫星、低-低卫星跟踪卫星和卫星重力梯度技术,对地球重力场的频谱贡献分别集中在600km以上的长波和中长波、300km以上的中波、200~350km之间的中短波部分。     

利用GOCE卫星轨道数据恢复地球重力场模型方法的分析

欧空局早期公布的时域法和空域法解算的GOCE模型均采用能量守恒法处理轨道数据, 但恢复的长波重力场信号精度较低, 而且GOCE卫星在两极存在数据空白, 利用其观测数据恢复重力场模型是一个不适定问题, 导致解算的模型带谐项精度较低, 需进行正则化处理。本文分析了基于轨道数据恢复重力场模型的方法用于处理GOCE数据的精度, 对最优正则化方法和参数的选择进行研究。利用GOCE卫星2009-11-01—2010-01-31共92 d的精密轨道数据, 采用不依赖先验信息的能量守恒法、短弧积分法和平均加速度法恢复GOCE重力场模型, 利用Tikhonov正则化技术处理病态问题。结果表明, 平均加速度法恢复模型的精度最高, 能量守恒法的精度最低, 短弧积分法的精度稍差于平均加速度法。未来联合处理轨道和梯度数据时, 建议采用平均加速度法或短弧积分法处理轨道数据, 并且轨道数据可有效恢复120阶次左右的模型。Kaula正则化和SOT处理GOCE病态问题的效果最好, 并且两者对应的最优正则化参数基本一致, 但利用正则化技术不能完全抑制极空白问题的影响, 需要联合GRACE等其他数据才能获得理想的结果。     

我国地球重力场研究的进展

概述了我国近年来在地球重力场研究方面所做的主要工作和取得的成果 ,包括 :① 2 0 0 0国家重力基本网的建立 ;②我国省市级局部大地水准面的精化 ;③卫星测高 ;④高阶地球重力场模型 ;⑤卫星重力探测技术。     

基于超高阶重力场模型阶方差的截断误差分析

针对利用重力场模型方法计算地球外空间扰动引力的精度时,模型截断误差是主要的影响因素这一问题,该文利用重力场模型阶方差分析地球外部空间扰动引力截断误差,并与用重力异常阶方差Rapp模型进行比较。实验结果表明:在低阶低空部分,Rapp模型与实际重力异常阶方差相差最大,达到17.125 3mGal;重力场模型计算扰动引力与计算点高度有着密切联系,截断误差的大小随着高度的增加迅速衰减;当计算高度为0.2km时,使用36阶的模型计算扰动引力,截断误差达到25.957 8mGal;当计算高度超过400km时,即使用36阶模型,截断误差也可以控制在1.5mGal内。     

基于CHAMP卫星星历反演地球重力场的两种方法

根据模拟的CHAMP卫星星历,分别采用基于牛顿运动定律的数值微分法和基于能量守恒定律的能量守恒法建立观测方程,恢复出50阶次的重力位系数。同时,考虑到CHAMP卫星位置、速度和加速度存在的误差,分析了这两种方法对各项精度指标的敏感程度,并比较了这两种方法的优缺点。     

基于星间距离变化的动态双向时间同步算法

以卫星双向时间同步算法为基础,分析了运动卫星之间的双向时间同步信号传播延迟随星间距离的变化特点,推导了按此算法计算得到的卫星钟差随星间距离的变化规律,提出了一种利用星间伪距拟合多项式和钟差拟合多项式联合求解高精度星间钟差的卫星动态双向时间同步算法。实际卫星的仿真数据表明,该算法能够把星间的时间同步误差控制在5 ns以内,可用于星间高精度时间同步。     

三种干涉测量距离向频谱滤波算法的性能比较

针对合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术中的距离向频谱滤波算法研究不足的现状,该文在国内外学者研究的基础上,选取多种数据进行对比实验,重点分析基于矩形窗、Hamming窗、Kaiser窗的3种距离向频谱滤波算法的性能。结果表明基于Kaiser窗函数的滤波算法是一种适用于多源SAR影像的频谱滤波算法,该算法可以有效提高影像相干性,改善干涉条纹图质量,对提高地表高程反演和形变监测精度都具有重要的意义。     

使用能量守恒方法恢复CHAMP地球重力场

本文探讨了基于能量守恒方法利用CHAMP卫星精密星历和加速度数据恢复地球重力场模型的原理和方法。给出了地心惯性系下顾及地球自转和非保守力能量损耗的能量守恒方程,并且对日、月摄动位与引潮力附加位的计算方法作了相应的分析,同时介绍了加速度数据的处理方法。基于能量守恒方法,利用2002年1-2月、7-8月和11-12月三个不同时期共180天的CHAMP卫星精密星历和加速度数据恢复了三组50阶次的地球重力场模型GFM01、GFM02和GFM03,并将这些模型与EGM 96重力场模型和GFZ公布的EIGEN-CG01C重力场模型进行比较。结果表明:能量守恒方法恢复的GFM系列模型与EGM 96重力场模型及EIGEN-CG01C重力场模型在低阶位系数上均有较好的一致,但与EIGEN-CG01C模型有更好的一致。这说明了CHAMP卫星对地球中、长波重力场的敏感性,也说明了能量守恒方法恢复低阶地球重力场位系数的有效性。     

Optimal multi-step collocation: application to the space-wise approach for GOCE data analysis

Collocation is widely used in physical geodesy. Its application requires to solve systems with a dimension equal to the number of observations, causing numerical problems when many observations are available. To overcome this drawback, tailored step-wise techniques are usually applied. An example of these step-wise techniques is the space-wise approach to the GOCE mission data processing. The original idea of this approach was to implement a two-step procedure, which consists of first predicting gridded values at satellite altitude by collocation and then deriving the geo-potential spherical harmonic coefficients by numerical integration. The idea was generalized to a multi-step iterative procedure by introducing a time-wise Wiener filter to reduce the highly correlated observation noise. Recent studies have shown how to optimize the original two-step procedure, while the theoretical optimization of the full multi-step procedure is investigated in this work. An iterative operator is derived so that the final estimated spherical harmonic coefficients are optimal with respect to the Wiener–Kolmogorov principle, as if they were estimated by a direct collocation. The logical scheme used to derive this optimal operator can be applied not only in the case of the space-wise approach but, in general, for any case of step-wise collocation. Several numerical tests based on simulated realistic GOCE data are performed. The results show that adding a pre-processing time-wise filter to the two-step procedure of data gridding and spherical harmonic analysis is useful, in the sense that the accuracy of the estimated geo-potential coefficients is improved. This happens because, in its practical implementation, the gridding is made by collocation over local patches of data, while the observation noise has a time-correlation so long that it cannot be treated inside the patch size. Therefore, the multi-step operator, which is in theory equivalent to the two-step operator and to the direct collocation, is in practice superior thanks to the time-wise filter that reduces the noise correlation before the gridding. The criteria for the choice of this filter are investigated numerically.     

Spectral Representation and Analysis of the KBR Precision Based on the Earth Gravity Spectrum

IntroductionThe GRACE (gravity recovery and cli mate ex-peri ment) mission,twin satellites flying in for-mation ,which carries several key payloadsinclu-ding KBR (K-band ranging) system, waslaunchedin 2002 . The unique design of GRACEmissionis expected to lead to ani mprovement inseveral orders of magnitude in these gravitymeasurements and allow much i mproved resolu-tion of the Earth gravity field of finer scale overbothland and ocean to study a lot of geosciencesphenomena[1]. Though th…     

Spectral representation and analysis of the KBR precision based on the earth gravity spectrum

Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking in low-low model (SST-ll) is a new technique to resolve the series of problems met in the determination of the earths gravity field. As the key technique of SST-ll, KBR can get SST-ll measurements directly. So the KBR performance analysis is the first step in SST-ll design. In this paper, assuming that the satellite pairs of SST-ll are in near circle polar orbits, the spectrum relationship between the earth gravity field and KBR is established using analytic method. And then some examples are analyzed, the suggestions and conclusions are drawn from these examples. The research results could be taken as a reference for future satellite gravity project of China.     

Frequency-dependent data weighting in global gravity field modeling from satellite data contaminated by non-stationary noise

Satellite data that are used to model the global gravity field of the Earth are typically corrupted by correlated noise, which can be related to a frequency dependence of the data accuracy. We show an opportunity to take such noise into account by using a proper noise covariance matrix in the estimation procedure. If the dependence of noise on frequency is not known a priori, it can be estimated on the basis of a posteriori residuals. The methodology can be applied to data with gaps. Non-stationarity of noise can also be dealt with, provided that the necessary a priori information exists. The proposed methodology is illustrated with CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) data processing. It is shown, in particular, that the usage of a proper noise model can make the measurements of non-gravitational satellite accelerations unnecessarily. This opens the door for high-quality modeling of the Earth’s gravity field on the basis of observed orbits of non-dedicated satellites (i.e., satellites without an on-board accelerometer). Furthermore, the processing of data from dedicated satellite missions – GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) – may also benefit from the proposed methodology.     

基于SLR的GRACE卫星定轨中重力场模型对轨道精度的影响

以GRACE卫星为例,分析比较利用SLR观测资料进行卫星定轨时,采用不同重力场模型对GRACE卫星定轨精度的影响;以及重力场截断阶引起的积分轨道差异;同时,将定轨结果与采用GPS确定的定轨结果进行比较,分析与GPS定轨结果的差异.实验证明.重力场模型选择GGM02C的定轨结果优于选择JGM-3的定轨结果,基于SLR的定...     

重力卫星和测高卫星五年来的进展

对近年升空的重力卫星CHAMP和GRACE及将于近期升空的GOCE卫星,以及测高卫星ENVISAT,Jason1,GFO,ICESat和CryoSat的技术特点进行了介绍和评估。     

Accuracy Analysis of Geopotential Coefficients Recovered from In-situ Disturbing Potential by Energy Conservation Method

The characteristics of the normal equation created in recovering the Earth gravity model (EGM) by least-squares(LS) adjustment from the in-situ disturbing potential is discussed in detail. It can be co...